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Developing Model of Adverse Events Following the Immunization Surveillance System in Songkhla Province, Thailand
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Abstracts / Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 8 (2012) e1–e66
agents of change in health promotion, rational drug use, and drug safety system since 2004. Drug safety system in intellectual and hearing disability school was complicated and needed to be improved. The aim of this study is to implement roles of pharmacist to improve patient care. Methods: Since 2004, we integrated this academic social service with academic program for 1st to 6th year pharmacy students in various subjects. Pharmacists and pharmacy students from Naresuan University (NU) explored drug related problems in the intellectual and hearing disability school. We managed a group discussion among pharmacists and teacher at school to find out need and support program for drug safety management in school. We also interviewed and reviewed medicines of each chronic case. We made intervention of proper individual usage. In case of unclear medical information, we contacted with pharmacist in provincial hospital to review medical history and their prescriptions. We also conducted an empowerment on healthcare and drug safety program for teacher and hearing disability students by education lecturing and discussion. Results: Medication list and proper items for school was rearranged, first aid room was cleaned. Expired medication and non-labeling products were terminating. In the first year, an education program was focused on primary safety usage of medication in first aid room and noticing of expired products. Follow-up at the alternative months for a year, we found that there was a decrease in drug-related problems and expired products in the school. In the following year, we provided students with some information about side-effects to the drug safety. Recently, we have continued focusing on their adherence to individual medicines and on the safety monitoring for psychiatric medication. Conclusions: This pharmacy service will provide valuable information for health professionals and policy makers on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a pharmaceutical intervention program in the context of primary care in forgotten area.
Developing Model of Adverse Events Following the Immunization Surveillance System in Songkhla Province, Thailand K. Sutitipatamarong, K. Rookkapan, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Objectives: To identify pitfalls in Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) surveillance system in Songkhla Province and to develop model for strengthening the system. Immunization like any other medical intervention may cause adverse events, usually mild to currently available vaccines, occasionally severe. Therefore, AEFI surveillance is essential to maintain public confidence in vaccine safety and in immunization programs. Methods: Pitfalls in AEFI surveillance system were identified by in-depth interview. Snowballing technique
was used and 19 staffs who responsible for AEFI surveillance at regional, provincial, district and subdistrict levels were interviewed. A workshop among related staff was conducted. Pitfalls were presented and discussed then brainstorming was used to develop model for AEFI surveillance. After workshop model was approved by key responsible person in details. Results: The pitfalls of AEFI surveillance system were underreporting (100%), no training and supervision on AEFI (68%), unclear policy (63%).The reasons for not report were mild symptoms AEFI (100%), fear of punishment (90%) and being uncertain that the symptoms were associated with vaccination (79%). The developed models consisted of 1) strengthened health worker by training and supervision, provision of guideline and media for AEFI 2) screening children that have risk of AEFI by screen at early birth and before vaccination 3) active AEFI case finding and detection by parents follow the symptom after vaccination and detect the case at the treatment centres, i.e. OPD, ER, IPD and well baby clinic. Conclusions: There were pitfalls in AEFI surveillance systems. The improvement is needed. The model to strengthening AEFI surveillance system was developed for Songkhla Province by related stakeholders.
Implementation of the Medication Reconciliation Program for Patients Discharged from Hospitals in Penang, Malaysia: Views From General Medical Practitioners M.A. Hassali1, F. Saleem1, A.A. Shafie1, H. Aljadhey2, G. Chua1, N. Haq1, I. Masood1, Z.S. Ibrahim3, R.T. Widodo4, S. Jamshed5, M. Farooqui1,6, 1Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, 2Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 3School of Languages, Literacies and Translation, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, 4Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 5Kulliyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia, 6Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Penang Campus, Bertam, Malaysia Objective: This study aims to explore the perceptions of general practitioners (GPs) from the state of Penang towards the feasibility of implementing the Medication Reconciliation program in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study using a validated, self-completed anonymous 18-itemed questionnaire was undertaken over a period of two months in 2010. The study was conducted in the state of Penang, Malaysia. A letter consisting of survey questionnaires and prepaid return envelope were mailed to 429 GPs identified from the Private Medical Practice Control Department Registry.
Abstracts / Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 8 (2012) e1–e66
agents of change in health promotion, rational drug use, and drug safety system since 2004. Drug safety system in intellectual and hearing disability school was complicated and needed to be improved. The aim of this study is to implement roles of pharmacist to improve patient care. Methods: Since 2004, we integrated this academic social service with academic program for 1st to 6th year pharmacy students in various subjects. Pharmacists and pharmacy students from Naresuan University (NU) explored drug related problems in the intellectual and hearing disability school. We managed a group discussion among pharmacists and teacher at school to find out need and support program for drug safety management in school. We also interviewed and reviewed medicines of each chronic case. We made intervention of proper individual usage. In case of unclear medical information, we contacted with pharmacist in provincial hospital to review medical history and their prescriptions. We also conducted an empowerment on healthcare and drug safety program for teacher and hearing disability students by education lecturing and discussion. Results: Medication list and proper items for school was rearranged, first aid room was cleaned. Expired medication and non-labeling products were terminating. In the first year, an education program was focused on primary safety usage of medication in first aid room and noticing of expired products. Follow-up at the alternative months for a year, we found that there was a decrease in drug-related problems and expired products in the school. In the following year, we provided students with some information about side-effects to the drug safety. Recently, we have continued focusing on their adherence to individual medicines and on the safety monitoring for psychiatric medication. Conclusions: This pharmacy service will provide valuable information for health professionals and policy makers on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a pharmaceutical intervention program in the context of primary care in forgotten area.
Developing Model of Adverse Events Following the Immunization Surveillance System in Songkhla Province, Thailand K. Sutitipatamarong, K. Rookkapan, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Objectives: To identify pitfalls in Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI) surveillance system in Songkhla Province and to develop model for strengthening the system. Immunization like any other medical intervention may cause adverse events, usually mild to currently available vaccines, occasionally severe. Therefore, AEFI surveillance is essential to maintain public confidence in vaccine safety and in immunization programs. Methods: Pitfalls in AEFI surveillance system were identified by in-depth interview. Snowballing technique
was used and 19 staffs who responsible for AEFI surveillance at regional, provincial, district and subdistrict levels were interviewed. A workshop among related staff was conducted. Pitfalls were presented and discussed then brainstorming was used to develop model for AEFI surveillance. After workshop model was approved by key responsible person in details. Results: The pitfalls of AEFI surveillance system were underreporting (100%), no training and supervision on AEFI (68%), unclear policy (63%).The reasons for not report were mild symptoms AEFI (100%), fear of punishment (90%) and being uncertain that the symptoms were associated with vaccination (79%). The developed models consisted of 1) strengthened health worker by training and supervision, provision of guideline and media for AEFI 2) screening children that have risk of AEFI by screen at early birth and before vaccination 3) active AEFI case finding and detection by parents follow the symptom after vaccination and detect the case at the treatment centres, i.e. OPD, ER, IPD and well baby clinic. Conclusions: There were pitfalls in AEFI surveillance systems. The improvement is needed. The model to strengthening AEFI surveillance system was developed for Songkhla Province by related stakeholders.
Implementation of the Medication Reconciliation Program for Patients Discharged from Hospitals in Penang, Malaysia: Views From General Medical Practitioners M.A. Hassali1, F. Saleem1, A.A. Shafie1, H. Aljadhey2, G. Chua1, N. Haq1, I. Masood1, Z.S. Ibrahim3, R.T. Widodo4, S. Jamshed5, M. Farooqui1,6, 1Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, 2Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 3School of Languages, Literacies and Translation, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, 4Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 5Kulliyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia, 6Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Penang Campus, Bertam, Malaysia Objective: This study aims to explore the perceptions of general practitioners (GPs) from the state of Penang towards the feasibility of implementing the Medication Reconciliation program in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study using a validated, self-completed anonymous 18-itemed questionnaire was undertaken over a period of two months in 2010. The study was conducted in the state of Penang, Malaysia. A letter consisting of survey questionnaires and prepaid return envelope were mailed to 429 GPs identified from the Private Medical Practice Control Department Registry.