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Development of a portable, laser-based facility for quantitative ultrasonics
ND T Abstracts 42616 Preuss, T.E.; Clark, G. S o m e d e v e l o p m e n t s in u l t r a s o n i c C - s c a n n i n g o f c o m p o s i t e s Nondestructive Testing - Australia, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 64-68 (May/Jun. 1989) An ultrasonic C-scanning device has been developed which can scan a limited area of a composite component and also determine the size and distribution of any damage. This system uses time-of-flight measurements and signal gating, to provide this information. Different depths are represented by colours in the display for easy visualization. The facilities of the system are described and a number of specific applications noted. A new portable device now exists for in-situ inspection of composite laminates on aircraft. 42404
Barna, B.A.; Allemeiser, R.T.; Rodriguez. J.G.; Tow,
D.M. A c o u s t i c - o p t i c m e a s u r e m e n t o f m i c r o m e c h a n i c a l r e s o n a n c e for adhesive b o n d i n t e g r i t y E.G. and G. Idaho, Inc., Idaho (United States), EGG-M-88442, DE89005416, 6 pp. (1988) Traditional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of bonding flaws has generally used either ultrasound or X-rays to detect the discontinuity of an improper bond. This approach is inadequate where the material is highly attenuating or anisotropic, or when it is impossible to achieve an adequate interrogation due to geometrical constraints. Thesedifficulties are seen in materials such as the silica fibre composites used for the thermal protection tiles on the Space Shuttle Orbiter, insulating rubber liners used for solid rocket motors, and rubber or foam coating materials. This paper discusses a method for determining bond condition in these types of materials by exciting the component as a whole and analyzing its micromechanical response. The concept is that the bond region forms a boundary of a physical system whose dynamic response is governed by a deterministic set of equations of motion. As the boundary conditions change, the system response will change. The problem then reduces to certifying that a given dynamic response can be uniquely correlated with a specific bond condition.
Liu, C.T. Measurement of damage in a solid p r o p e l l a n t by acoustic i m a g i n g technique
42004
Materials Evaluation, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 746-752 (Jun. 1989) The damage state in composite solid propellant specimens subjected to different loading histories was investigated using acoustic imaging techniques. The acoustic imaging data were analyzed to delineate the damage field in the specimen and to generate contour plots of the damage intensity. The results of these analyses were compared, and the effects of the loading history and crack length on damage characteristics are discussed. 41979 Kwun, H.; Alcazar, D.G. E v a l u a t i o n o f b o n d t e s t i n g e q u i p m e n t for i n s p e c t i o n o f a r m y
advanced composite airframe structures Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas (United States), AO- A201 815/8/GAR, 48 pp. (Oct. 1988) Forty-one ultrasonic bond testing instruments for non-destructive inspection of composite airframe structures were evaluated based on information available in the literature. In addition, three of these instruments, were evaluated in the laboratory using ten specimens of composite airframe structures supplied by the Army. 41806 Cawley, P.; Adams, R.D. S e n s i t i v i t y of the coin-tap method of nondestructive testing Materials Evaluation, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 558-563 (May 1989) The sensitivity of an automated version of the coin-tap method of nondestructive testing has been investigated. The method has been used to produce C-scan presentations of the defect locations in sets of solid aluminum plates and carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) honeycomb panels with deliberately introduced defects. The sensitivity of the method decreases with increasing defect depth, but it has been shown that its sensitivity is somewhat better than that of the mechanical impedance technique. A defect of l0 mm dia under a I mm thick CFRP skin is at the margin of detectability, compared with a defect of 20 mm dia using the impedance technique, It has been shown also that the coin-tap test is more reliable on flexible structures than the mechanical impedance method. No couplant is required between the structure and the tapping head.
Scala, C.M.; Bowles, SJ. Development o f a p o r t a b l e , l a s e r - b a s e d facility for q u a n t i t a t i v e
41264
ultrasonics N o n - l ~ s t r u c t i v e Testing Australia, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 112-115 (Nov./Dec. 1988) This paper describes the development at DSTO Aeronautical Research
164
NDT&E International 1994 Volume 27, Number 3
Laboratory (ARL) o f a wideband laser-based facility for the generation arid detection of ultrasound. The main features of the facility are described. including details on a portable, Q-switched laser, designed to allow maximum flexibility in the characteristics of elastic waves generated. The facility also incorporates a CAMAC-based modular ultrasonic system interfaced to an IBM PC for data acquisition and processing. The ARt. facility has been set-up for a research programme involving the development of quantitative ultrasonics for the characterization of critical surface properties of aircraft materials. Sample results from the programme are also presented to demonstrate some of the capabilities of the ultrasonic facility. 41239 Kino, G.S. A p p l i c a t i o n o f n o n d e s t r u c t i v e testing t e c h n i q u e s to m a t e r i a l s testing Stanford University, CAlifornia (United States) A D - A I 9 5 716/6/GAR, 66 pp. (Dec. 1987) A set of new techniques in scanning acoustic and optical microscopy is described. Starting with an acoustic microscope that can directly measure both phase and amplitude, similar techniques have been developed for the scanning optical microscope. These make it possible to measure range to a thousandth of a wavelength. Other techniques involving scanning optical microscopy have been demonstrated which make it possible to carry out profiling of semiconductor circuits. Developments of these methods are now being actively pursued for use in the semiconductor industry. Developments of acoustic technology pioneered on this program have proved extremely important for measuring internal defects in composites and surface cracks on ceramics. 41192 Delsanto, P.P.; Quarati. P.; Boschetti, F.; Chaskelis. H.H.; Mignogna, R.B. A comparison of acoustoelastic and extensimetric techniques for the determination of elastic constants in AI-Li alloys Proceedings o f the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1549-1551. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. The applicability of a recently proposed acoustoelastic technique to the characterization of materials of interest for the aeronautical industry is investigated. The technique is based on a perturbative treatment of the propagation of ultrasonic Rayleigh waves on the surface of initialy deformed textured homogeneous material plates. A comparison is also performed between the results of acoustoelastic and extensimetric techniques. 41037 Feist, W.D.; Mueller, W. U l t r a s o n i c field m o d e l l i n g for c o m p l e x shaped aerospace com portents Proceedings o f the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1206-1214. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. Ultrasonic inspection of highly-stressed jet-engine components is normally carded out using the immersion techniques. To ascertain their strength potential, especially in highly-stressed areas, powder- metallurgy nickel-based components must be inspected for inclusions at extremely high resolution. This resolution can be attained only by using highly-focused ultrasonic transducers with an optimal frequency range. For a high concentration of sound energy at a particular point underneath a surface of complex shape, the transducer and lens must be optimized so software has been developed for modelling sound fields. The use of this software and the practical application are explained, and the correspondence with actual, measured sound fields is demonstrated. 41035 Boschetti, F.; Cipri, F.; Rossello, R. U l t r a s o n i c s y s t e m for in service n o n d e s t r u c t i v e i n s p e c t i o n o f composite structures Proceedings o f the 12th World C o n f e r e n c e on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1194-1199. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. In order to perform the Non Destructive Inspection (NDi) of aerospace composite structures (directly on the airfield), by means of equipment similar to that already used in the manufacturing workshops, a new ultrasonic system has been developed by Aeritalia and engineered by Airone Firm. The system includes an ultrasonic telemetry device for the geometrical location of the ultrasonic transducer position on the structure to be scanned and an instrumentation for the acquisition and processing of the ultrasonic data by C or B scan representation. The system operates in pulse
Barna, B.A.; Allemeiser, R.T.; Rodriguez. J.G.; Tow,
D.M. A c o u s t i c - o p t i c m e a s u r e m e n t o f m i c r o m e c h a n i c a l r e s o n a n c e for adhesive b o n d i n t e g r i t y E.G. and G. Idaho, Inc., Idaho (United States), EGG-M-88442, DE89005416, 6 pp. (1988) Traditional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of bonding flaws has generally used either ultrasound or X-rays to detect the discontinuity of an improper bond. This approach is inadequate where the material is highly attenuating or anisotropic, or when it is impossible to achieve an adequate interrogation due to geometrical constraints. Thesedifficulties are seen in materials such as the silica fibre composites used for the thermal protection tiles on the Space Shuttle Orbiter, insulating rubber liners used for solid rocket motors, and rubber or foam coating materials. This paper discusses a method for determining bond condition in these types of materials by exciting the component as a whole and analyzing its micromechanical response. The concept is that the bond region forms a boundary of a physical system whose dynamic response is governed by a deterministic set of equations of motion. As the boundary conditions change, the system response will change. The problem then reduces to certifying that a given dynamic response can be uniquely correlated with a specific bond condition.
Liu, C.T. Measurement of damage in a solid p r o p e l l a n t by acoustic i m a g i n g technique
42004
Materials Evaluation, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 746-752 (Jun. 1989) The damage state in composite solid propellant specimens subjected to different loading histories was investigated using acoustic imaging techniques. The acoustic imaging data were analyzed to delineate the damage field in the specimen and to generate contour plots of the damage intensity. The results of these analyses were compared, and the effects of the loading history and crack length on damage characteristics are discussed. 41979 Kwun, H.; Alcazar, D.G. E v a l u a t i o n o f b o n d t e s t i n g e q u i p m e n t for i n s p e c t i o n o f a r m y
advanced composite airframe structures Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas (United States), AO- A201 815/8/GAR, 48 pp. (Oct. 1988) Forty-one ultrasonic bond testing instruments for non-destructive inspection of composite airframe structures were evaluated based on information available in the literature. In addition, three of these instruments, were evaluated in the laboratory using ten specimens of composite airframe structures supplied by the Army. 41806 Cawley, P.; Adams, R.D. S e n s i t i v i t y of the coin-tap method of nondestructive testing Materials Evaluation, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 558-563 (May 1989) The sensitivity of an automated version of the coin-tap method of nondestructive testing has been investigated. The method has been used to produce C-scan presentations of the defect locations in sets of solid aluminum plates and carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) honeycomb panels with deliberately introduced defects. The sensitivity of the method decreases with increasing defect depth, but it has been shown that its sensitivity is somewhat better than that of the mechanical impedance technique. A defect of l0 mm dia under a I mm thick CFRP skin is at the margin of detectability, compared with a defect of 20 mm dia using the impedance technique, It has been shown also that the coin-tap test is more reliable on flexible structures than the mechanical impedance method. No couplant is required between the structure and the tapping head.
Scala, C.M.; Bowles, SJ. Development o f a p o r t a b l e , l a s e r - b a s e d facility for q u a n t i t a t i v e
41264
ultrasonics N o n - l ~ s t r u c t i v e Testing Australia, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 112-115 (Nov./Dec. 1988) This paper describes the development at DSTO Aeronautical Research
164
NDT&E International 1994 Volume 27, Number 3
Laboratory (ARL) o f a wideband laser-based facility for the generation arid detection of ultrasound. The main features of the facility are described. including details on a portable, Q-switched laser, designed to allow maximum flexibility in the characteristics of elastic waves generated. The facility also incorporates a CAMAC-based modular ultrasonic system interfaced to an IBM PC for data acquisition and processing. The ARt. facility has been set-up for a research programme involving the development of quantitative ultrasonics for the characterization of critical surface properties of aircraft materials. Sample results from the programme are also presented to demonstrate some of the capabilities of the ultrasonic facility. 41239 Kino, G.S. A p p l i c a t i o n o f n o n d e s t r u c t i v e testing t e c h n i q u e s to m a t e r i a l s testing Stanford University, CAlifornia (United States) A D - A I 9 5 716/6/GAR, 66 pp. (Dec. 1987) A set of new techniques in scanning acoustic and optical microscopy is described. Starting with an acoustic microscope that can directly measure both phase and amplitude, similar techniques have been developed for the scanning optical microscope. These make it possible to measure range to a thousandth of a wavelength. Other techniques involving scanning optical microscopy have been demonstrated which make it possible to carry out profiling of semiconductor circuits. Developments of these methods are now being actively pursued for use in the semiconductor industry. Developments of acoustic technology pioneered on this program have proved extremely important for measuring internal defects in composites and surface cracks on ceramics. 41192 Delsanto, P.P.; Quarati. P.; Boschetti, F.; Chaskelis. H.H.; Mignogna, R.B. A comparison of acoustoelastic and extensimetric techniques for the determination of elastic constants in AI-Li alloys Proceedings o f the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1549-1551. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. The applicability of a recently proposed acoustoelastic technique to the characterization of materials of interest for the aeronautical industry is investigated. The technique is based on a perturbative treatment of the propagation of ultrasonic Rayleigh waves on the surface of initialy deformed textured homogeneous material plates. A comparison is also performed between the results of acoustoelastic and extensimetric techniques. 41037 Feist, W.D.; Mueller, W. U l t r a s o n i c field m o d e l l i n g for c o m p l e x shaped aerospace com portents Proceedings o f the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1206-1214. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. Ultrasonic inspection of highly-stressed jet-engine components is normally carded out using the immersion techniques. To ascertain their strength potential, especially in highly-stressed areas, powder- metallurgy nickel-based components must be inspected for inclusions at extremely high resolution. This resolution can be attained only by using highly-focused ultrasonic transducers with an optimal frequency range. For a high concentration of sound energy at a particular point underneath a surface of complex shape, the transducer and lens must be optimized so software has been developed for modelling sound fields. The use of this software and the practical application are explained, and the correspondence with actual, measured sound fields is demonstrated. 41035 Boschetti, F.; Cipri, F.; Rossello, R. U l t r a s o n i c s y s t e m for in service n o n d e s t r u c t i v e i n s p e c t i o n o f composite structures Proceedings o f the 12th World C o n f e r e n c e on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1194-1199. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. In order to perform the Non Destructive Inspection (NDi) of aerospace composite structures (directly on the airfield), by means of equipment similar to that already used in the manufacturing workshops, a new ultrasonic system has been developed by Aeritalia and engineered by Airone Firm. The system includes an ultrasonic telemetry device for the geometrical location of the ultrasonic transducer position on the structure to be scanned and an instrumentation for the acquisition and processing of the ultrasonic data by C or B scan representation. The system operates in pulse