- Email: [email protected]
Development of internet-based ship technical information management system
ARTICLE IN PRESS
Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828 www.elsevier.com/locate/oceaneng
Technical note
Development of internet-based ship technical information management system Soon-Sup Leea,, Jong-Kap Leea, Beom-Jin Parka, Dong-Kon Leea, Soo-Young Kimb, Kyung-Ho Leec a
Maritime & Ocean Engineering Research Institute, KORDI, P.O. Box 23, Yusong, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea b Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea c Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea Received 28 December 2004; accepted 25 October 2005 Available online 17 February 2006
Abstract In this paper, internet-based ship technical information management system has been developed as a means to accumulate, manage, share and utilize various distributed applications and information used for ship design and building. The information managed in the system is documents from the whole life cycle including concept design, basic design, detailed design, construction, operation and maintenance. In addition, using the developed system, integrated system framework is also proposed to integrate applications and database in concurrent engineering environment. r 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Internet; Ship technical management system; Integrated system framework; Integrated database; Design support; Information management
Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 42 868 7223; fax: +82 42 868 7229.
E-mail address: [email protected] (S.-S. Lee). 0029-8018/$ - see front matter r 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2005.10.019
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1815
1. Introduction In order to continuously maintain and improve shipbuilding industry in 21st century information driven industrial environment, information and communication technology needs to be incorporated with current shipbuilding technology, increasing productivity and further advancing in shipbuilding technology. In addition, shipbuilding technologies will advance from current shipyard-oriented integration and optimization of design, manufacturing and management system to collaboration between distributed expert groups (Lee et al., 2003). An integrated system is required for creation, sharing and exchange of design, manufacturing, operation and maintenance-related information. The required system should minimize redundancies in sharing and exchanging of technical information (Kim et al., 1998; Choi et al., 1999; Suh et al., 2000; Yang et al., 2000). In addition, in order to integrate island of automation existing between departments and related companies, a framework is established and concurrent environment is also established for fast and precise information sharing, acquisition of product through exchange, and overall increase of productivity, cost-effectiveness and quality during the entire life cycle (Lee et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2003; Schaffran et al., 1997). In this paper, internet-based ship technical information management system has been developed based on rapidly advancing design and engineering system technology. First, current ship design and building process has been analyzed using ICAM Definition Language (IDEF) methodology, and then requirements for the system have been gathered using survey. Using these results system specification was defined with Unified Modeling Language (UML). Integrated system framework was established to integrate applications and database under concurrent engineering environment. For ease of maintenance and compatibility with other systems, standardized commercial tools are used during development of the system.
2. IDE framework 2.1. Related system 2.1.1. Integrated Data Environment (IDE) Integrated Data Environment (IDE) is the ultimate objective of continuous acquisition and life-cycle support (CALS) implementation and it is a management environment automating conventional data management and exchange process utilizing international standards and related technologies (Lee et al., 2002; National Computerization Agency, 1999). In other words, IDE represent the final state of CALS implementation, and conceptually, it is an environment where each participant can access data during a product’s entire life cycle without regards to geographical location and heterogeneity in hardware, software and platform. The basic structure of IDE is a client–server system which enables information sharing by connecting information resources in heterogeneous platform with LAN/WAN.
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1816
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
IDE has various technical challenges in order to solve problems arising from heterogeneous environment and to enable collaborations among multiple participants such as efficient database management, security management, data dictionary management, version control, project management and data modeling. 2.1.2. Integrated Weapon System Database (IWSDB) Integrated Weapon System Database (IWSDB) is a logically connected database storing strategic data, management data and operation report related to weapon system acquisition and logistics support (Lee et al., 2002; Shin et al., 1996). IWSDB refers to physically distributed but logically connected data structure sharing product definition and related data among one or more systems. IWSDB shares database by digital flow and provides data flow during the entire life cycle of a product and standardized interface between databases. The core element of IWSDB is developing and managing standards for neutral data exchange between databases. These integrated databases have all necessary data for the entire life cycle and integrated all related databases. 2.2. IDE framework IDE framework provides means to accumulated, manage, share and utilize various distributed applications and technical information for ship design and building. The basic structure of IDE framework is 3-tier client–server structure based on distributed objects and provide various types of technical information and data integration environment by utilizing component concept in integration. IDE framework is composed of business service and transaction service. Business service process business logic and transaction service maintain consistency of the system by processing a series of inter-related tasks as a unit task. Business service of IDE framework is composed of classification system management, equipment information management, ship information management, and document management. Transaction service is composed of metadata management, data processing, user query processing, system management, security management, and distributed environment management. A search engine is required for metadata management. 2.2.1. Security management The developed system uses both user privilege control and public key infrastructure (PKI) for security management. In user privilege control, all privileges of system usage are controlled and system user can be registered and managed. In addition, data access privilege can be managed by groups of user. For the use of PKI, user authentication and data encryption is required. User authentication is done by using the electronic certification. In all, 1024 bit public key and 128 byte public key is used in this system, as to conform national security standard for internet banking service. In addition, client security module is executed
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1817
using Active-X (Chun, 1997) and Plug-In, so that the user does not need to install or set up separate software. Encryption of data disables any unauthorized access to the data during transmission. For encryption of digital document, symmetric key algorithm is used for faster encryption. The key used in the document encryption is encrypted using PKI and transmitted to the user as an attachment to the electronic document. 2.2.2. Query processing Query processing provides functions to process user requested query from component application and file and directory operation request. Also, errors occurred during query processing return error messages using predefined error code. Query processing of database use Structured Query Language (SQL). The standardized SQL is converted to the database SQL. Standard SQL functions are converted according to the database format and standard SQL field type is converted according to database field type. 2.2.3. System management System management provides necessary functionalities for monitoring and searching information of various system statuses and for undertaking various system operations. In the developed system, user groups are divided into administrators and general user. Only administrators have privileges to monitor user log in status, monitor network operation status, load analysis and manager general users. General users log in with given ID and password, and perform necessary tasks in the system. 2.2.4. Classification structure management Classification structure management provides functionalities for defining, editing, deleting, inquiring and searching classification structures. Also, accessible user groups are defined for each data.
3. Development of ship technical information management system Ship technical information management system integrates ship design, building, operation and maintenance-related data and information under the CALS/IDE concept based on rapidly advancing computer and information technology. It includes related systems, application programs, databases, hardware and software. In addition, it is based on knowledge management concept, which aims to improve technical ability by sharing and utilizing knowledge information. 3.1. System configuration Ship technical information management system is composed of databases for various technical information and data related to design and building, IDE
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1818
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
Fig. 1. System configuration diagram.
Fig. 2. Development environment and tools.
framework and applications based on the database and framework. In addition, web-based portal type of integrated user interface is used for the interface between database and applications, and interface with other systems. Fig. 1 shows configuration of ship technical information management system.
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1819
3.2. Ship technical information management system In order to define requirements for ship technical information management system, current status of related systems such as IDE and IWSDB is analyzed and its results are modeled using IDEF0 (KBSI, 1995) methods. Based on the analysis results, each application, databases, IDE framework and integrated user interface are designed. IDEF, UML (Quatrani, 1998), and XenoSDM are used as system design methodology. In this paper, from system design, internet-based ship technical information management system is developed. 3.2.1. Development environment and tools In this research, for ease of maintenance and compatibility with other systems, only standardized commercial tools are used in the implementation of ship technical information management system. Fig. 2 shows the development environment and tools, which are software system environment and application system development tools based on MS Windows 2000 operating systems and web. As shown in the figure, platform for system implementation is Windows 2000 in case of server PC and Windows 9x/NT/2000/
Fig. 3. Principal particular input screen.
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1820
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
XP for client PC. For programming language, Visual C++ is used for API programs interfacing with database and application programs, and Application Service Provider (ASP) script is used for integrated user interface. MS-SQL 7/2000 is used for database management system and Internet Information Server (IIS), Common Object Model (COM) and Distributed COM (DCOM) are used for server technology. 3.2.2. Design support system Design support system supports mainly engineering work-related concept design, basic design, and detailed design during the whole life cycle of a ship. However, since the main tasks during detailed design phase are functional design of sub-systems and design for manufacturing, engineering work related to the ship itself is done very little in this phase. Therefore, the scope of design support system includes all design processes occurring from concept design to detailed design, but concept design and basic design area are the main concern. Design support system is connected to the existing ship database to utilize existing ship data necessary for the design process. The necessary data is queried and extracted using graphic user interface. Work database is where interim design results are stored and as the design is progressed, information is added and modified. When
Fig. 4. Existing ship data search results.
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1821
the design is finalized, the data in work database is transferred to existing ship database after data verification process. In design support system, project management system, document management system and knowledge management system are all connected in order to use any documents, reports or technical information required during design process. Design support system is composed of basic planning support module, which provides functionalities such as input and search existing ship data, principal particulars estimation, propulsion system decision, main engine selection, weight estimation and building cost calculations, and basic calculation module, which provides functionalities such as hydrostatic calculation, permissible length calculation, stability calculation and volume calculation (The Society of Naval Architects of Korea, 1997). In addition, modules for resistance/propulsion performance analysis, sea worthiness analysis using two-dimensional strip theory, maneuvering performance analysis using main dimensions, and calculating maximum longitudinal strength on midship by rule and experience formula are also included. Fig. 3 shows graphic interface for storing and managing main dimensions and hydrostatic property data using ‘Exist_main_dimensionTB’ table in existing ship database. The user finds error on input data using the search button. Fig. 4 shows a list of existing ships satisfying search condition sorted by displacement. The search condition used for the search includes displacement, block coefficient, length between perpendicular, moulded breadth, moulded depth and
Fig. 5. Intact stability criteria.
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1822
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
Fig. 6. Over stress calculation.
draft. The user can select the toggle button beside the ship’s number and the ship is being selected as the mother ship. In addition, for the efficiency of the design process, two reference ships are also selected. Fig. 5 shows the analysis results of ‘Lifting of Heavy Weights over the Side’, which is an item in the undamaged stability criteria. The screen shows GZ curve, heeling arm curve and the intersection of the two curves, as well as the decision by the rule. If the decision is ‘acceptable’, it satisfies the criteria and if the decision is ‘not acceptable’, it does not satisfy the criteria. Fig. 6 shows over stress information as a part of the result of midship section strength analysis using input data such as principal particulars and stiffener arrangements. As shown in the figure, if the maximum stress does not satisfy the criteria, the thickness of longitudinal bulkhead in the midship section is modified and the analysis is performed again. Fig. 7 shows the process of searching other applications such as document management or knowledge management system while performing design support system. 3.2.3. Document management system Document Management System provides means of management for distributed database and technical information data. In other words, in document management
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1823
Fig. 7. Interface with other systems.
system, vast amount of documents produced during the whole life cycle of a ship is systematically and integratedly managed. The document management is divided into technical document management and general document management according to the document type. General document management manages the documents that are not related to the project such as paper, patent, technical documents, foreign case and related regulations. It also includes library management functions for the hardcopy of the documents. In document management system, a visualization tool is necessary to view the contents of the document, and in this paper, commercial tool that can support most of electronical document types that are being used. Fig. 8 shows the screen for searching technical document stored in the database. Fig. 9 shows the screen for storing the produced document to the document management system. As the figure shows, the user first selects compact disk (CD) or folder where the document to be stored in the database is. The folder must contain import.txt file which stores meta-data of the documents to be imported. Fig. 10 is the screen for showing the contents of the document using commercial document viewing tool.
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1824
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
Fig. 8. Search window for document management.
3.2.4. Project management system Project management plan, execute and manage the whole project from contract, through design and building, to the delivery of the ship to its owner within authorized resources. Project manager has the responsibility of delivering the ship to its owner satisfying the owner’s requirement within predefined budget and schedule, therefore, the project manager have the authority to direct and control the whole project. The characteristics of project management are that it is much more complex and difficult and especially since many stages of design process and system integration process is required. Information system based on related database is required. Therefore, project management system should include functionalities such as contract management, supply management, quality management, resource management, budget management and schedule management based on electronic technical information from conceptual stage to the delivery of the final product. The developed system manages the data regarding various equipments to be loaded on the ship. 3.2.5. Knowledge management system Knowledge in engineering is defined as technical knowledge which affects competitiveness of end product or service. Such knowledge is accumulated and
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1825
Fig. 9. Data import.
inherited by investment and efforts such as work experience, research and development, and technology transfer. Acquired knowledge is accumulated and inherited by means of documentation, standardization and systemization. Such knowledge should be systemized such that the knowledge can be shared and utilized across the organization, but it more often only remains on each person’s mind. The competitiveness in engineering field is after all about how well the organization can effectively manage experienced engineer and therefore expert management system is a core part of it. In the developed system, knowledge created or managed during ship design and building is categorized to build a knowledge map and the information regarding domestic experts across the country are managed. The knowledge managed by the knowledge map is used in the design support system. Fig. 11 shows screen for registering expert information.
4. Conclusion The importance of effective management and advanced technology during the whole life cycle of a ship is increasing with the recent trends of larger and modernized
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1826
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
Fig. 10. Document viewing.
ships. In parallel with introduction of CALS as a technical basis of 21st knowledgebased shipbuilding industry, integrated technical information system based on the rapidly advancing information and communication technology is much in demand. This study aims to maximize ship design and building capability by establishing CALS/IDE concept-based integrated system for creating, sharing, exchanging and utilizing data and information related to the ship design, building, operation and maintenance. This paper proposes internet-based ship technical information management system using engineering system technology. The benefits of the developed system are reduced management cost by systematic and integrated management of vast amount of data created during the whole life cycle of the ship, reduced number of paper documents and drawings, increase in the consistency and integrity between each department in the organization. In addition, since the developed system is based on the internet, the user can utilize information regardless of time and place, reducing the time required to collect data and analysis for the decision making. In the future, the developed system will be continuously verified and the problems emerging during the verification process will be solved. The final phase will be preparation for the development of Product Data Management (PDM)-based ship technical Information Management System using Electronic Document Management (EDM).
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1827
Fig. 11. Registering expert information.
Acknowledgement The contents of this paper are parts of the results from inherent research project of KRISO/KORDI, ‘‘Development of technologies for Total Risk Management for Marine Systems.’’ References Choi, Y.S., et al., 1999. Development of a real time 3D collaboration and part information brokering system using WWW (World Wide Web). Transaction of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers 4 (2), 87–99.
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1828
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
Chun, B.S., 1997. ActiveX Programming Guide. Power Book, Seoul. KBSI, 1995. IDEF Family of Methods for Concurrent Engineering and Business Re-Engineering Applications. Knowledge Based Systems, Inc. & Mani Information Systems, Inc. Kim, H., et al., 1998. The web-based engineering process framework for concurrent Engineering. Transaction of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers 3 (4), 283–292. Lee, K.H., et al., 2001. Collaboration ship design based on internet environments. Transaction of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers 6 (3), 198–205. Lee, J.K., et al., 2002. System specification of Navy Ship Technical Information Management System. KRISO Research Report. Lee, S.S., et al., 2003. Development of internet-based basic planning system for ships. Transaction of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers 9 (4), 406–415. National Computerization Agency, 1999. IDB technologies and standardization. Research Report of National Computerization Agency. Quatrani, T., 1998. Visual Modeling with Rational Rose and UML. Wesley. Schaffran, R.W., et al., 1997. MARITECH advanced information technology projects for the US shipbuilding industry. Proceeding of International Conference on a Computer Application in Shipbuilding, Yokohama, vol. 1, pp. 11–30. Shin, S.W., et al., 1996. The study on the construction of IWSDB for national defense CALS. The Journal of Korea Institute of CALS/EC 1 (1), 93–115. Suh, Y.S., et al., 2000. Development of a PC-based pre- and post-processor for remote CAE. Transaction of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers 5 (2), 113–121. The Society of Naval Architects of Korea, 1997. Ship Calculations. Dongmyung Press, Seoul. Yang, S.W., et al., 2000. CoDes: a real-time collaborative design system. Transaction of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers 5 (1), 42–49.
Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828 www.elsevier.com/locate/oceaneng
Technical note
Development of internet-based ship technical information management system Soon-Sup Leea,, Jong-Kap Leea, Beom-Jin Parka, Dong-Kon Leea, Soo-Young Kimb, Kyung-Ho Leec a
Maritime & Ocean Engineering Research Institute, KORDI, P.O. Box 23, Yusong, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea b Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea c Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea Received 28 December 2004; accepted 25 October 2005 Available online 17 February 2006
Abstract In this paper, internet-based ship technical information management system has been developed as a means to accumulate, manage, share and utilize various distributed applications and information used for ship design and building. The information managed in the system is documents from the whole life cycle including concept design, basic design, detailed design, construction, operation and maintenance. In addition, using the developed system, integrated system framework is also proposed to integrate applications and database in concurrent engineering environment. r 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Internet; Ship technical management system; Integrated system framework; Integrated database; Design support; Information management
Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 42 868 7223; fax: +82 42 868 7229.
E-mail address: [email protected] (S.-S. Lee). 0029-8018/$ - see front matter r 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2005.10.019
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1815
1. Introduction In order to continuously maintain and improve shipbuilding industry in 21st century information driven industrial environment, information and communication technology needs to be incorporated with current shipbuilding technology, increasing productivity and further advancing in shipbuilding technology. In addition, shipbuilding technologies will advance from current shipyard-oriented integration and optimization of design, manufacturing and management system to collaboration between distributed expert groups (Lee et al., 2003). An integrated system is required for creation, sharing and exchange of design, manufacturing, operation and maintenance-related information. The required system should minimize redundancies in sharing and exchanging of technical information (Kim et al., 1998; Choi et al., 1999; Suh et al., 2000; Yang et al., 2000). In addition, in order to integrate island of automation existing between departments and related companies, a framework is established and concurrent environment is also established for fast and precise information sharing, acquisition of product through exchange, and overall increase of productivity, cost-effectiveness and quality during the entire life cycle (Lee et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2003; Schaffran et al., 1997). In this paper, internet-based ship technical information management system has been developed based on rapidly advancing design and engineering system technology. First, current ship design and building process has been analyzed using ICAM Definition Language (IDEF) methodology, and then requirements for the system have been gathered using survey. Using these results system specification was defined with Unified Modeling Language (UML). Integrated system framework was established to integrate applications and database under concurrent engineering environment. For ease of maintenance and compatibility with other systems, standardized commercial tools are used during development of the system.
2. IDE framework 2.1. Related system 2.1.1. Integrated Data Environment (IDE) Integrated Data Environment (IDE) is the ultimate objective of continuous acquisition and life-cycle support (CALS) implementation and it is a management environment automating conventional data management and exchange process utilizing international standards and related technologies (Lee et al., 2002; National Computerization Agency, 1999). In other words, IDE represent the final state of CALS implementation, and conceptually, it is an environment where each participant can access data during a product’s entire life cycle without regards to geographical location and heterogeneity in hardware, software and platform. The basic structure of IDE is a client–server system which enables information sharing by connecting information resources in heterogeneous platform with LAN/WAN.
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1816
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
IDE has various technical challenges in order to solve problems arising from heterogeneous environment and to enable collaborations among multiple participants such as efficient database management, security management, data dictionary management, version control, project management and data modeling. 2.1.2. Integrated Weapon System Database (IWSDB) Integrated Weapon System Database (IWSDB) is a logically connected database storing strategic data, management data and operation report related to weapon system acquisition and logistics support (Lee et al., 2002; Shin et al., 1996). IWSDB refers to physically distributed but logically connected data structure sharing product definition and related data among one or more systems. IWSDB shares database by digital flow and provides data flow during the entire life cycle of a product and standardized interface between databases. The core element of IWSDB is developing and managing standards for neutral data exchange between databases. These integrated databases have all necessary data for the entire life cycle and integrated all related databases. 2.2. IDE framework IDE framework provides means to accumulated, manage, share and utilize various distributed applications and technical information for ship design and building. The basic structure of IDE framework is 3-tier client–server structure based on distributed objects and provide various types of technical information and data integration environment by utilizing component concept in integration. IDE framework is composed of business service and transaction service. Business service process business logic and transaction service maintain consistency of the system by processing a series of inter-related tasks as a unit task. Business service of IDE framework is composed of classification system management, equipment information management, ship information management, and document management. Transaction service is composed of metadata management, data processing, user query processing, system management, security management, and distributed environment management. A search engine is required for metadata management. 2.2.1. Security management The developed system uses both user privilege control and public key infrastructure (PKI) for security management. In user privilege control, all privileges of system usage are controlled and system user can be registered and managed. In addition, data access privilege can be managed by groups of user. For the use of PKI, user authentication and data encryption is required. User authentication is done by using the electronic certification. In all, 1024 bit public key and 128 byte public key is used in this system, as to conform national security standard for internet banking service. In addition, client security module is executed
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1817
using Active-X (Chun, 1997) and Plug-In, so that the user does not need to install or set up separate software. Encryption of data disables any unauthorized access to the data during transmission. For encryption of digital document, symmetric key algorithm is used for faster encryption. The key used in the document encryption is encrypted using PKI and transmitted to the user as an attachment to the electronic document. 2.2.2. Query processing Query processing provides functions to process user requested query from component application and file and directory operation request. Also, errors occurred during query processing return error messages using predefined error code. Query processing of database use Structured Query Language (SQL). The standardized SQL is converted to the database SQL. Standard SQL functions are converted according to the database format and standard SQL field type is converted according to database field type. 2.2.3. System management System management provides necessary functionalities for monitoring and searching information of various system statuses and for undertaking various system operations. In the developed system, user groups are divided into administrators and general user. Only administrators have privileges to monitor user log in status, monitor network operation status, load analysis and manager general users. General users log in with given ID and password, and perform necessary tasks in the system. 2.2.4. Classification structure management Classification structure management provides functionalities for defining, editing, deleting, inquiring and searching classification structures. Also, accessible user groups are defined for each data.
3. Development of ship technical information management system Ship technical information management system integrates ship design, building, operation and maintenance-related data and information under the CALS/IDE concept based on rapidly advancing computer and information technology. It includes related systems, application programs, databases, hardware and software. In addition, it is based on knowledge management concept, which aims to improve technical ability by sharing and utilizing knowledge information. 3.1. System configuration Ship technical information management system is composed of databases for various technical information and data related to design and building, IDE
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1818
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
Fig. 1. System configuration diagram.
Fig. 2. Development environment and tools.
framework and applications based on the database and framework. In addition, web-based portal type of integrated user interface is used for the interface between database and applications, and interface with other systems. Fig. 1 shows configuration of ship technical information management system.
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1819
3.2. Ship technical information management system In order to define requirements for ship technical information management system, current status of related systems such as IDE and IWSDB is analyzed and its results are modeled using IDEF0 (KBSI, 1995) methods. Based on the analysis results, each application, databases, IDE framework and integrated user interface are designed. IDEF, UML (Quatrani, 1998), and XenoSDM are used as system design methodology. In this paper, from system design, internet-based ship technical information management system is developed. 3.2.1. Development environment and tools In this research, for ease of maintenance and compatibility with other systems, only standardized commercial tools are used in the implementation of ship technical information management system. Fig. 2 shows the development environment and tools, which are software system environment and application system development tools based on MS Windows 2000 operating systems and web. As shown in the figure, platform for system implementation is Windows 2000 in case of server PC and Windows 9x/NT/2000/
Fig. 3. Principal particular input screen.
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1820
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
XP for client PC. For programming language, Visual C++ is used for API programs interfacing with database and application programs, and Application Service Provider (ASP) script is used for integrated user interface. MS-SQL 7/2000 is used for database management system and Internet Information Server (IIS), Common Object Model (COM) and Distributed COM (DCOM) are used for server technology. 3.2.2. Design support system Design support system supports mainly engineering work-related concept design, basic design, and detailed design during the whole life cycle of a ship. However, since the main tasks during detailed design phase are functional design of sub-systems and design for manufacturing, engineering work related to the ship itself is done very little in this phase. Therefore, the scope of design support system includes all design processes occurring from concept design to detailed design, but concept design and basic design area are the main concern. Design support system is connected to the existing ship database to utilize existing ship data necessary for the design process. The necessary data is queried and extracted using graphic user interface. Work database is where interim design results are stored and as the design is progressed, information is added and modified. When
Fig. 4. Existing ship data search results.
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1821
the design is finalized, the data in work database is transferred to existing ship database after data verification process. In design support system, project management system, document management system and knowledge management system are all connected in order to use any documents, reports or technical information required during design process. Design support system is composed of basic planning support module, which provides functionalities such as input and search existing ship data, principal particulars estimation, propulsion system decision, main engine selection, weight estimation and building cost calculations, and basic calculation module, which provides functionalities such as hydrostatic calculation, permissible length calculation, stability calculation and volume calculation (The Society of Naval Architects of Korea, 1997). In addition, modules for resistance/propulsion performance analysis, sea worthiness analysis using two-dimensional strip theory, maneuvering performance analysis using main dimensions, and calculating maximum longitudinal strength on midship by rule and experience formula are also included. Fig. 3 shows graphic interface for storing and managing main dimensions and hydrostatic property data using ‘Exist_main_dimensionTB’ table in existing ship database. The user finds error on input data using the search button. Fig. 4 shows a list of existing ships satisfying search condition sorted by displacement. The search condition used for the search includes displacement, block coefficient, length between perpendicular, moulded breadth, moulded depth and
Fig. 5. Intact stability criteria.
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1822
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
Fig. 6. Over stress calculation.
draft. The user can select the toggle button beside the ship’s number and the ship is being selected as the mother ship. In addition, for the efficiency of the design process, two reference ships are also selected. Fig. 5 shows the analysis results of ‘Lifting of Heavy Weights over the Side’, which is an item in the undamaged stability criteria. The screen shows GZ curve, heeling arm curve and the intersection of the two curves, as well as the decision by the rule. If the decision is ‘acceptable’, it satisfies the criteria and if the decision is ‘not acceptable’, it does not satisfy the criteria. Fig. 6 shows over stress information as a part of the result of midship section strength analysis using input data such as principal particulars and stiffener arrangements. As shown in the figure, if the maximum stress does not satisfy the criteria, the thickness of longitudinal bulkhead in the midship section is modified and the analysis is performed again. Fig. 7 shows the process of searching other applications such as document management or knowledge management system while performing design support system. 3.2.3. Document management system Document Management System provides means of management for distributed database and technical information data. In other words, in document management
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1823
Fig. 7. Interface with other systems.
system, vast amount of documents produced during the whole life cycle of a ship is systematically and integratedly managed. The document management is divided into technical document management and general document management according to the document type. General document management manages the documents that are not related to the project such as paper, patent, technical documents, foreign case and related regulations. It also includes library management functions for the hardcopy of the documents. In document management system, a visualization tool is necessary to view the contents of the document, and in this paper, commercial tool that can support most of electronical document types that are being used. Fig. 8 shows the screen for searching technical document stored in the database. Fig. 9 shows the screen for storing the produced document to the document management system. As the figure shows, the user first selects compact disk (CD) or folder where the document to be stored in the database is. The folder must contain import.txt file which stores meta-data of the documents to be imported. Fig. 10 is the screen for showing the contents of the document using commercial document viewing tool.
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1824
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
Fig. 8. Search window for document management.
3.2.4. Project management system Project management plan, execute and manage the whole project from contract, through design and building, to the delivery of the ship to its owner within authorized resources. Project manager has the responsibility of delivering the ship to its owner satisfying the owner’s requirement within predefined budget and schedule, therefore, the project manager have the authority to direct and control the whole project. The characteristics of project management are that it is much more complex and difficult and especially since many stages of design process and system integration process is required. Information system based on related database is required. Therefore, project management system should include functionalities such as contract management, supply management, quality management, resource management, budget management and schedule management based on electronic technical information from conceptual stage to the delivery of the final product. The developed system manages the data regarding various equipments to be loaded on the ship. 3.2.5. Knowledge management system Knowledge in engineering is defined as technical knowledge which affects competitiveness of end product or service. Such knowledge is accumulated and
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1825
Fig. 9. Data import.
inherited by investment and efforts such as work experience, research and development, and technology transfer. Acquired knowledge is accumulated and inherited by means of documentation, standardization and systemization. Such knowledge should be systemized such that the knowledge can be shared and utilized across the organization, but it more often only remains on each person’s mind. The competitiveness in engineering field is after all about how well the organization can effectively manage experienced engineer and therefore expert management system is a core part of it. In the developed system, knowledge created or managed during ship design and building is categorized to build a knowledge map and the information regarding domestic experts across the country are managed. The knowledge managed by the knowledge map is used in the design support system. Fig. 11 shows screen for registering expert information.
4. Conclusion The importance of effective management and advanced technology during the whole life cycle of a ship is increasing with the recent trends of larger and modernized
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1826
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
Fig. 10. Document viewing.
ships. In parallel with introduction of CALS as a technical basis of 21st knowledgebased shipbuilding industry, integrated technical information system based on the rapidly advancing information and communication technology is much in demand. This study aims to maximize ship design and building capability by establishing CALS/IDE concept-based integrated system for creating, sharing, exchanging and utilizing data and information related to the ship design, building, operation and maintenance. This paper proposes internet-based ship technical information management system using engineering system technology. The benefits of the developed system are reduced management cost by systematic and integrated management of vast amount of data created during the whole life cycle of the ship, reduced number of paper documents and drawings, increase in the consistency and integrity between each department in the organization. In addition, since the developed system is based on the internet, the user can utilize information regardless of time and place, reducing the time required to collect data and analysis for the decision making. In the future, the developed system will be continuously verified and the problems emerging during the verification process will be solved. The final phase will be preparation for the development of Product Data Management (PDM)-based ship technical Information Management System using Electronic Document Management (EDM).
ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
1827
Fig. 11. Registering expert information.
Acknowledgement The contents of this paper are parts of the results from inherent research project of KRISO/KORDI, ‘‘Development of technologies for Total Risk Management for Marine Systems.’’ References Choi, Y.S., et al., 1999. Development of a real time 3D collaboration and part information brokering system using WWW (World Wide Web). Transaction of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers 4 (2), 87–99.
ARTICLE IN PRESS 1828
S.-S. Lee et al. / Ocean Engineering 33 (2006) 1814–1828
Chun, B.S., 1997. ActiveX Programming Guide. Power Book, Seoul. KBSI, 1995. IDEF Family of Methods for Concurrent Engineering and Business Re-Engineering Applications. Knowledge Based Systems, Inc. & Mani Information Systems, Inc. Kim, H., et al., 1998. The web-based engineering process framework for concurrent Engineering. Transaction of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers 3 (4), 283–292. Lee, K.H., et al., 2001. Collaboration ship design based on internet environments. Transaction of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers 6 (3), 198–205. Lee, J.K., et al., 2002. System specification of Navy Ship Technical Information Management System. KRISO Research Report. Lee, S.S., et al., 2003. Development of internet-based basic planning system for ships. Transaction of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers 9 (4), 406–415. National Computerization Agency, 1999. IDB technologies and standardization. Research Report of National Computerization Agency. Quatrani, T., 1998. Visual Modeling with Rational Rose and UML. Wesley. Schaffran, R.W., et al., 1997. MARITECH advanced information technology projects for the US shipbuilding industry. Proceeding of International Conference on a Computer Application in Shipbuilding, Yokohama, vol. 1, pp. 11–30. Shin, S.W., et al., 1996. The study on the construction of IWSDB for national defense CALS. The Journal of Korea Institute of CALS/EC 1 (1), 93–115. Suh, Y.S., et al., 2000. Development of a PC-based pre- and post-processor for remote CAE. Transaction of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers 5 (2), 113–121. The Society of Naval Architects of Korea, 1997. Ship Calculations. Dongmyung Press, Seoul. Yang, S.W., et al., 2000. CoDes: a real-time collaborative design system. Transaction of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers 5 (1), 42–49.