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Development of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from patients with cystic fibrosis at different times
ERRATUM Development of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from patients with cystic fibrosis at different times F. B. Spencker, L. Staber, T. Lietz, R. Schille and A. C. Rodloff
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2003; 9: 370-379
Tables 1 and 5 in the above article have been published incorrectly. The correct tables are below. We apologise for any inconvenience caused. Table 1 MICs (mg/L) of the P. aeruginosa clones with 38 different PFGE-patterns (¼38 isolates) and geometric mean values (GM) at the beginning of the observation.
ß 2003 Copyright by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
GEN
AMK
TOB
Amount of inhaled gentamicin (g)
sensitive
intermediate
resistant
sensitive
intermediate
resistant
sensitive
intermediate
resistant
5g (n ¼ 22) 10g (n ¼ 10) 15g (n ¼ 13) 20g (n ¼ 16) 25g (n ¼ 18) >30g (n ¼ 26)
41% 10% 0% 25% 22.2% 19.2%
59% 70% 84.6% 43.8% 50% 42.3%
0% 20% 15.4% 31.3% 27.8% 38.5%
59% 10% 7.7% 25% 33.3% 19.2
41% 80% 76.9% 56.3% 38.9% 50%
0% 10% 15.4% 18.8% 27.8% 30.8%
100% 80% 84.6% 68.8% 66.7% 57.7%
0% 20% 7.7% 18.8% 22.2% 42.3%
0% 0% 7.7% 12.5% 11.1% 0%
GEN, Gentamicin; AMK, Amikacin; TOB, Tobramycin.
Erratum 583
ß 2003 Copyright by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, CMI, 9, 582–584
Table 5 Portion (%) of resistant, intermediate and sensitive P. aeruginosa clones with 22 different PFGE-patterns, number of isolates in brackets, in dependence of the amount of inhaled gentamicin (g)
ERRATUM We regret the errors that appeared in Abstract Number P854 of the Abstracts of the 13th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Glasgow, UK. With apologies to the authors, we provide the correct text below. Nosocomial Bacteremia in a Community Hospital: a 20-Year Prospective Study E. Espejo, R.M. Borrallo, E. Anoro, M.A. Morera, M. Simo´, F. Bella Hospital de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
Objectives: To evaluate the characteristics and prognostic factors of nosocomial bacteremia (NB) in adult patients. Methods: During a 20-year period (1983–2002) all episodes of NB were studied in a 320-bed community hospital. Clinical and laboratory features of survivors and non-survivors were compared using the SPSS statistical packet. Results: 728 episodes of NB occurred in 687 patients (57% males, 43% females) aged 6518 yr. The length of the hospital stay until the NB was 1916 days. Malignancy (30%), diabetes (24%), chronic renal failure (13%), and liver cirrhosis (9%) were the main underlying conditions. These were rapidly or ultimately fatal in 43%. The most frequent sources of NB were: intravascular catheters (23%), urinary tract (21%), intraabdominal (14%), respiratory tract (12%), skin and soft tissues (9%). The most frequent isolates were: Escherichia coli (165), Staphylococcus aureus (110), coagulase-negative staphylococci (99), Pseudomonas spp (94), Klebsiella spp (53), Enterococcus spp (49), Bacteroides spp (47), Proteus spp (30), and S. pneumoniae (29). Crude mortality was 30% and mortality related to bacteremia was 20%. In the multivariate analysis nine variables were identified as independently associated with mortality: septic shock (OR: 4.9; 95%CI: 3.0–8.0), rapidly fatal underlying disease (OR: 6.4; 95%CI: 2.3–17.4), axillary temperature < 378C (OR: 6.1; 95%CI: 2.1–16.0), liver cirrhosis (OR: 2.8; 95%CI: 1.4–5.3), age>65 yr (OR: 2.3; 95%CI: 1.4–3.5), inappropriate antibiotic therapy (OR: 2.2; 95%CI: 1.3–3.4), previous corticosteroid therapy (OR: 2.2; 95%CI: 1.3–3.5), respiratory, gastrointestinal or unknown origin (OR: 2.2; 95%CI: 1.4–3.2), and infection due to a high risk organism (Bacteroides, Pseudomonas or S. aureus) (OR: 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1–2.4). While in the first decade of the study the urinary tract was the main source of NB and E. coli was the predominant microorganism, in the second decade the intravascular catheters constituted the main source and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the predominant microorganisms. Conclusions: 1) The main sources of NB were: intravascular catheters, the urinary tract and intraabdominal. 2) E. coli, S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Pseudomonas spp were the predominant causative organisms. 3) Nine variables were significantly related with mortality.
ß 2003 Copyright by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, CMI, 9, 582–584
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2003; 9: 370-379
Tables 1 and 5 in the above article have been published incorrectly. The correct tables are below. We apologise for any inconvenience caused. Table 1 MICs (mg/L) of the P. aeruginosa clones with 38 different PFGE-patterns (¼38 isolates) and geometric mean values (GM) at the beginning of the observation.
ß 2003 Copyright by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
GEN
AMK
TOB
Amount of inhaled gentamicin (g)
sensitive
intermediate
resistant
sensitive
intermediate
resistant
sensitive
intermediate
resistant
5g (n ¼ 22) 10g (n ¼ 10) 15g (n ¼ 13) 20g (n ¼ 16) 25g (n ¼ 18) >30g (n ¼ 26)
41% 10% 0% 25% 22.2% 19.2%
59% 70% 84.6% 43.8% 50% 42.3%
0% 20% 15.4% 31.3% 27.8% 38.5%
59% 10% 7.7% 25% 33.3% 19.2
41% 80% 76.9% 56.3% 38.9% 50%
0% 10% 15.4% 18.8% 27.8% 30.8%
100% 80% 84.6% 68.8% 66.7% 57.7%
0% 20% 7.7% 18.8% 22.2% 42.3%
0% 0% 7.7% 12.5% 11.1% 0%
GEN, Gentamicin; AMK, Amikacin; TOB, Tobramycin.
Erratum 583
ß 2003 Copyright by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, CMI, 9, 582–584
Table 5 Portion (%) of resistant, intermediate and sensitive P. aeruginosa clones with 22 different PFGE-patterns, number of isolates in brackets, in dependence of the amount of inhaled gentamicin (g)
ERRATUM We regret the errors that appeared in Abstract Number P854 of the Abstracts of the 13th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Glasgow, UK. With apologies to the authors, we provide the correct text below. Nosocomial Bacteremia in a Community Hospital: a 20-Year Prospective Study E. Espejo, R.M. Borrallo, E. Anoro, M.A. Morera, M. Simo´, F. Bella Hospital de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
Objectives: To evaluate the characteristics and prognostic factors of nosocomial bacteremia (NB) in adult patients. Methods: During a 20-year period (1983–2002) all episodes of NB were studied in a 320-bed community hospital. Clinical and laboratory features of survivors and non-survivors were compared using the SPSS statistical packet. Results: 728 episodes of NB occurred in 687 patients (57% males, 43% females) aged 6518 yr. The length of the hospital stay until the NB was 1916 days. Malignancy (30%), diabetes (24%), chronic renal failure (13%), and liver cirrhosis (9%) were the main underlying conditions. These were rapidly or ultimately fatal in 43%. The most frequent sources of NB were: intravascular catheters (23%), urinary tract (21%), intraabdominal (14%), respiratory tract (12%), skin and soft tissues (9%). The most frequent isolates were: Escherichia coli (165), Staphylococcus aureus (110), coagulase-negative staphylococci (99), Pseudomonas spp (94), Klebsiella spp (53), Enterococcus spp (49), Bacteroides spp (47), Proteus spp (30), and S. pneumoniae (29). Crude mortality was 30% and mortality related to bacteremia was 20%. In the multivariate analysis nine variables were identified as independently associated with mortality: septic shock (OR: 4.9; 95%CI: 3.0–8.0), rapidly fatal underlying disease (OR: 6.4; 95%CI: 2.3–17.4), axillary temperature < 378C (OR: 6.1; 95%CI: 2.1–16.0), liver cirrhosis (OR: 2.8; 95%CI: 1.4–5.3), age>65 yr (OR: 2.3; 95%CI: 1.4–3.5), inappropriate antibiotic therapy (OR: 2.2; 95%CI: 1.3–3.4), previous corticosteroid therapy (OR: 2.2; 95%CI: 1.3–3.5), respiratory, gastrointestinal or unknown origin (OR: 2.2; 95%CI: 1.4–3.2), and infection due to a high risk organism (Bacteroides, Pseudomonas or S. aureus) (OR: 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1–2.4). While in the first decade of the study the urinary tract was the main source of NB and E. coli was the predominant microorganism, in the second decade the intravascular catheters constituted the main source and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the predominant microorganisms. Conclusions: 1) The main sources of NB were: intravascular catheters, the urinary tract and intraabdominal. 2) E. coli, S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and Pseudomonas spp were the predominant causative organisms. 3) Nine variables were significantly related with mortality.
ß 2003 Copyright by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, CMI, 9, 582–584