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Development of the Growth Resilience Scale (GRS)
500
Abstracts
The DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism, Machiavellianism and its link to schizotypal personality C. Montag, J. Hall, T. Plieger, A. Felten, S. Markett, M. Melchers, M. Reuter Machiavellianism describes tendencies to behave amorally and to be distrusting. Moreover, high ‚Machs’ often exploit other people to maximize their own profit. The present talk will give insights into the biological basis of this dark side of personality. As a twin study already provided evidence for a genetic influence on Machiavellianism, the present study investigates the influence of genetic variation of the DRD2 and DRD3 genes on individual differences in Machiavellianism. The DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism (rs6280) influenced Machiavellianism (measured with the Mach-IV scale) in N = 630 participants, with CC carriers being associated with highest scores. As this genetic variant has also been associated with schizophrenia, we tested for an influence on schizotypal personality, too. No association could be observed here, although Machiavellianism correlates positively with schizotypal personality in the current sample (r = .27, p b .001; measured with the SPQ-B). Finally, no effect of the DRD2 / ANKK1 Taq Ia polymorphism (rs1800497) on Machiavellianism and schizotypy could be observed. The study shows that the dopamine receptor D3 might play an important role for Machiavellian tendencies.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.231
Depression as a Moderator of Personality Perception Accuracy D. Moritz, J.E. Roberts Recent years have seen resurgence in the study of interpersonal perception accuracy. Given depression’s known effects on judgments made about the self and others, it is a natural candidate to moderate accuracy. In the current study, participants with varying levels of depressive symptomatology completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI), Empathy Quotient (EQ), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (RSEQ), and then met with another participant to engage in a ten minute “getting to know you” interaction. Lastly, they completed modified versions of the BFI, EQ, and RSEQ in which they reported impressions of their interaction partner’s personality. It was predicted that concordance between participants’ ratings of their dyad partners’ personality and partners’ own self-reported personality would be lower for dyads with more elevated depressive symptomatology. Data collection is ongoing, with 84 participants run of a planned 136.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.232
Individual Differences in Propensity to Socially Reject Depressed Others D. Moritz, J.E. Roberts Interpersonal theory of depression states that depressed individuals act in ways that are aversive to others, resulting in social rejection. However, little attention has been paid to individual differences that influence the likelihood of rejecting a depressed person. The current study examines this question by integrating interpersonal theory of depression with theory on mental illness stigma. Explicit and implicit attitudes about depression and the big five dimensions of personality were measured among participants with varying levels of depressive symptomatology. Next, participant dyads engaged in a ten minute “getting to know each other” social interaction. Finally, explicit and
implicit social rejection were assessed. Data collection is ongoing, with 84 participants run of a planned 136. Preliminary analyses indicate that participants exhibited low accuracy in identifying depression in their dyad partner, but that level of perceived depression (regardless of accuracy) interacted with personality and attitude factors to predict how much they rejected that partner on both explicit and implicit measures. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.233
The role of personality in the prediction of medical school performance D. Munro, J. Adam, M. Bore, D. Powis Selection for medical schools is moving from reliance on academic results and cognitive tests to the use of non-cognitive assessments. Personality tests have been proposed as particularly appropriate for predicting clinical skills. We report the results of a six-year study of a single cohort of 146 undergraduate students at a British medical school. Scores from a variety of cognitive and personality measures were collected at entry, and comprehensive records were kept of significant academic and clinically relevant assessments during the course. Correlational and regression analyses show a complex pattern of relationships between the initial tests, intermediate assessments including tutor ratings of professional behaviours, and final academic and clinical performance, including penalties for professional lapses. The complexity of the results raises issue not only for the choice of personality factors and tests, but for more general issues about the role of values, motivation and possibly attitudes, as well as questions about what should be predicted.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.234
Development of the Growth Resilience Scale (GRS) Y. Muraki The complexity of defining the construct of resilience has been widely recognized (Luthar et al., 2000). While recovery and sustainability are thought of as the key elements of resilience, some researchers have been claiming that growth (capacity to acquire internal or external resources in the face of adversity) should be added in (Zautra & Reich, 2010). However, there has been little awareness about the measurement of personal growth as the aspect of resilience. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a Growth Resilience Scale (GRS), and examined its reliability and validity. GRS was developed as a multidimensional measure, which represents factors that enhance personal growth despite experiences of adversity. The questionnaire was administered to 1000 adults who participated on the Internet. The sample consisted of 503 men and 497 women, and their ages ranged from 20 to 69 (M = 45.65, SD = 13.49). Exploratory factor analysis yielded 2 factors; Acquisition of Skills, Knowledge, and Confidence and Strengthened Personal Relations. Reliability coefficients were .92 and .93. To investigate the validity of the GRS, the correlation between growth resilience and selfenhancement was examined, since Bonanno (2008) indicated that selfenhancing biases could be adaptive in the context of adversity. The result showed that self-enhancers tended to achieve personal growth, which indicated the concurrent validity of the GRS. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.235
Abstracts
The DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism, Machiavellianism and its link to schizotypal personality C. Montag, J. Hall, T. Plieger, A. Felten, S. Markett, M. Melchers, M. Reuter Machiavellianism describes tendencies to behave amorally and to be distrusting. Moreover, high ‚Machs’ often exploit other people to maximize their own profit. The present talk will give insights into the biological basis of this dark side of personality. As a twin study already provided evidence for a genetic influence on Machiavellianism, the present study investigates the influence of genetic variation of the DRD2 and DRD3 genes on individual differences in Machiavellianism. The DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphism (rs6280) influenced Machiavellianism (measured with the Mach-IV scale) in N = 630 participants, with CC carriers being associated with highest scores. As this genetic variant has also been associated with schizophrenia, we tested for an influence on schizotypal personality, too. No association could be observed here, although Machiavellianism correlates positively with schizotypal personality in the current sample (r = .27, p b .001; measured with the SPQ-B). Finally, no effect of the DRD2 / ANKK1 Taq Ia polymorphism (rs1800497) on Machiavellianism and schizotypy could be observed. The study shows that the dopamine receptor D3 might play an important role for Machiavellian tendencies.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.231
Depression as a Moderator of Personality Perception Accuracy D. Moritz, J.E. Roberts Recent years have seen resurgence in the study of interpersonal perception accuracy. Given depression’s known effects on judgments made about the self and others, it is a natural candidate to moderate accuracy. In the current study, participants with varying levels of depressive symptomatology completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI), Empathy Quotient (EQ), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (RSEQ), and then met with another participant to engage in a ten minute “getting to know you” interaction. Lastly, they completed modified versions of the BFI, EQ, and RSEQ in which they reported impressions of their interaction partner’s personality. It was predicted that concordance between participants’ ratings of their dyad partners’ personality and partners’ own self-reported personality would be lower for dyads with more elevated depressive symptomatology. Data collection is ongoing, with 84 participants run of a planned 136.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.232
Individual Differences in Propensity to Socially Reject Depressed Others D. Moritz, J.E. Roberts Interpersonal theory of depression states that depressed individuals act in ways that are aversive to others, resulting in social rejection. However, little attention has been paid to individual differences that influence the likelihood of rejecting a depressed person. The current study examines this question by integrating interpersonal theory of depression with theory on mental illness stigma. Explicit and implicit attitudes about depression and the big five dimensions of personality were measured among participants with varying levels of depressive symptomatology. Next, participant dyads engaged in a ten minute “getting to know each other” social interaction. Finally, explicit and
implicit social rejection were assessed. Data collection is ongoing, with 84 participants run of a planned 136. Preliminary analyses indicate that participants exhibited low accuracy in identifying depression in their dyad partner, but that level of perceived depression (regardless of accuracy) interacted with personality and attitude factors to predict how much they rejected that partner on both explicit and implicit measures. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.233
The role of personality in the prediction of medical school performance D. Munro, J. Adam, M. Bore, D. Powis Selection for medical schools is moving from reliance on academic results and cognitive tests to the use of non-cognitive assessments. Personality tests have been proposed as particularly appropriate for predicting clinical skills. We report the results of a six-year study of a single cohort of 146 undergraduate students at a British medical school. Scores from a variety of cognitive and personality measures were collected at entry, and comprehensive records were kept of significant academic and clinically relevant assessments during the course. Correlational and regression analyses show a complex pattern of relationships between the initial tests, intermediate assessments including tutor ratings of professional behaviours, and final academic and clinical performance, including penalties for professional lapses. The complexity of the results raises issue not only for the choice of personality factors and tests, but for more general issues about the role of values, motivation and possibly attitudes, as well as questions about what should be predicted.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.234
Development of the Growth Resilience Scale (GRS) Y. Muraki The complexity of defining the construct of resilience has been widely recognized (Luthar et al., 2000). While recovery and sustainability are thought of as the key elements of resilience, some researchers have been claiming that growth (capacity to acquire internal or external resources in the face of adversity) should be added in (Zautra & Reich, 2010). However, there has been little awareness about the measurement of personal growth as the aspect of resilience. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a Growth Resilience Scale (GRS), and examined its reliability and validity. GRS was developed as a multidimensional measure, which represents factors that enhance personal growth despite experiences of adversity. The questionnaire was administered to 1000 adults who participated on the Internet. The sample consisted of 503 men and 497 women, and their ages ranged from 20 to 69 (M = 45.65, SD = 13.49). Exploratory factor analysis yielded 2 factors; Acquisition of Skills, Knowledge, and Confidence and Strengthened Personal Relations. Reliability coefficients were .92 and .93. To investigate the validity of the GRS, the correlation between growth resilience and selfenhancement was examined, since Bonanno (2008) indicated that selfenhancing biases could be adaptive in the context of adversity. The result showed that self-enhancers tended to achieve personal growth, which indicated the concurrent validity of the GRS. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.235