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Development of the original ice borehole jack
382A
PERIPHERAL
SUBJECISSNOW
and typical results. The two methods which are relatively new in this area of application, are the stress-controlled cone penetration test (CPT), and the sharp cone test (XT). The CPT can be used for penetrating vertically through an ice sheet. or laterallv into an ice wall in a trench. The SCf is a special kind of borehole-expansion test. The method consists in pushing a smooth, low-angle, conical indentor into a predrilled conical portion of a borehole, which ends with a smaller diameter pilot hole. The creep properties of ice are then deduced from the relationship between the applied load, time, and cone penetration, which is directly related to the hole expansion. (from Author) !hB366 Development of the original ice borehole jack D. M. Masterson & W. Graham, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(l), 1996, pp 186-192. A tool to obtain the engineering strength and stiffness properties of ice in situ is described; these properties are needed by engineers to estimate ice forces on structures and ice load bearing capacity. The strength and stiffness the ice sheet will vary with depth and thus it is necessary to have a measure of strength that includes variation with depth to provide a means of determining average or global strength properties. To determine these properties it was necessary to have a tool that would measure strength and stiffness at 0.30.5 m intervals through the ice cover. A hydraulically activated borehole jack, operating at a pressure of 70 MPa and capable of fitting in a 150 mm diameter hole, was developed. (from Authors) 968367 Interpretation of in situ borehole ice strength measurement tests D. M. Master-son, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(l), 1996, pp 165-179. A hydraulic borehole jack for the testing of ice confined compressive strength and elastic modulus through the depth of a 150 mm hole at regular intervals is described. Interpretation of the pressure and deformation information obtained is accomplished using standard equilibrium and compatibility equations for plate bearing tests applied to the expansion of a cavity of crushed material surrounded by an elastic medium. The jack tests yield confined compressive strength and elastic modulus. (from Author)
& ICE
Interpret&ion of field measurements for ice eagiwering appiications L. W. Gold, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(l), 1996, pp 180-185. A description is given of the nature of problems caused by ice for the engineer. Factors controlling the deformation behaviour and strength of ice are discussed briefly. A distinction is made between the behaviour of the relatively small volumes of component ice that are normally used for tests and the large, inhomogeneous bodies that must be considered by the engineer. Consideration is given to the implications of this for the conduct of in situ tests and the interpretation of their results. (from Author)
968369 Ice fracture and spaiiing in ice-structure interaction Bin Zou, Jing Xiao & I. J. Jordaan, Cold Regions Science & Technology, 24(2), 1996, pp 213-220. The most likely regions in which fractures will be initiated from flaws are shear zones with low conlining pressure and tensile zones. Flaws of different lengths and of different locations are investigated numerically in terms of strain energy release rate at crack tips. The open crack of Kendall’s double cantilever beam theory has also been investigated theoretically and numerically. Such flaws are less likely to propagate and have to be located in specific planes. (from Authors)
968370 Iceberg-structure interaction probabilities for design M. Fuglcm, I. Jordaan & G. Cracker, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(l), 1996, pp 231-241. When designing systems to operate in regions through which icebergs travel, one of the first inputs of interest is the expected numbers of encounters with icebergs. In this paper, geometric solutions are presented for a cylindrical gravitybased structure, a floating production vessel, and a cargo vessel. The required inputs are the average areal density of icebergs, the average iceberg water line length, and the average iceberg drift velocity. (from Authors)
PERIPHERAL
SUBJECISSNOW
and typical results. The two methods which are relatively new in this area of application, are the stress-controlled cone penetration test (CPT), and the sharp cone test (XT). The CPT can be used for penetrating vertically through an ice sheet. or laterallv into an ice wall in a trench. The SCf is a special kind of borehole-expansion test. The method consists in pushing a smooth, low-angle, conical indentor into a predrilled conical portion of a borehole, which ends with a smaller diameter pilot hole. The creep properties of ice are then deduced from the relationship between the applied load, time, and cone penetration, which is directly related to the hole expansion. (from Author) !hB366 Development of the original ice borehole jack D. M. Masterson & W. Graham, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(l), 1996, pp 186-192. A tool to obtain the engineering strength and stiffness properties of ice in situ is described; these properties are needed by engineers to estimate ice forces on structures and ice load bearing capacity. The strength and stiffness the ice sheet will vary with depth and thus it is necessary to have a measure of strength that includes variation with depth to provide a means of determining average or global strength properties. To determine these properties it was necessary to have a tool that would measure strength and stiffness at 0.30.5 m intervals through the ice cover. A hydraulically activated borehole jack, operating at a pressure of 70 MPa and capable of fitting in a 150 mm diameter hole, was developed. (from Authors) 968367 Interpretation of in situ borehole ice strength measurement tests D. M. Master-son, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(l), 1996, pp 165-179. A hydraulic borehole jack for the testing of ice confined compressive strength and elastic modulus through the depth of a 150 mm hole at regular intervals is described. Interpretation of the pressure and deformation information obtained is accomplished using standard equilibrium and compatibility equations for plate bearing tests applied to the expansion of a cavity of crushed material surrounded by an elastic medium. The jack tests yield confined compressive strength and elastic modulus. (from Author)
& ICE
Interpret&ion of field measurements for ice eagiwering appiications L. W. Gold, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(l), 1996, pp 180-185. A description is given of the nature of problems caused by ice for the engineer. Factors controlling the deformation behaviour and strength of ice are discussed briefly. A distinction is made between the behaviour of the relatively small volumes of component ice that are normally used for tests and the large, inhomogeneous bodies that must be considered by the engineer. Consideration is given to the implications of this for the conduct of in situ tests and the interpretation of their results. (from Author)
968369 Ice fracture and spaiiing in ice-structure interaction Bin Zou, Jing Xiao & I. J. Jordaan, Cold Regions Science & Technology, 24(2), 1996, pp 213-220. The most likely regions in which fractures will be initiated from flaws are shear zones with low conlining pressure and tensile zones. Flaws of different lengths and of different locations are investigated numerically in terms of strain energy release rate at crack tips. The open crack of Kendall’s double cantilever beam theory has also been investigated theoretically and numerically. Such flaws are less likely to propagate and have to be located in specific planes. (from Authors)
968370 Iceberg-structure interaction probabilities for design M. Fuglcm, I. Jordaan & G. Cracker, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(l), 1996, pp 231-241. When designing systems to operate in regions through which icebergs travel, one of the first inputs of interest is the expected numbers of encounters with icebergs. In this paper, geometric solutions are presented for a cylindrical gravitybased structure, a floating production vessel, and a cargo vessel. The required inputs are the average areal density of icebergs, the average iceberg water line length, and the average iceberg drift velocity. (from Authors)