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Diagnosis of obstruction of the upper and central airways
L
The effects of an inhaled bronchodilator on the distribution of inspired gas and over-all efficiency of ventilation were studied by the nitrogen washout technic in 16 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: three normal subjects and two patients with asymptomatic asthma (and normal spirometric values) were also studied. The behavior of nitrogen clearance after treatment was related to the degree of functional impairment and response of the anatomic dead space. The effects of the bronchodilator varied with time. The results are consistent with the assumption that the changes in nitrogen clearance after bronchodilator therapy reflect the concourse of multiple factors, which may be expected to have favorable or unfavorable effects on the distribution of inspired gas and the efficiency of ventilation.
Cutillo A, Perondi R, Turiel M. Monti S: Effects of an inhaled bronchodilator on gas distribution and over-all ventilatory efficiency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Med 61: 74-84, 1976.
Bronchodilator inhalation Ventilatory eff iclency Nitrogen clearance Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Gas distribution Orciprenaline
Larynx
Sleep Pulmonary functions
Helium
Apnea
Patients with obstruction of the upper airways are often treated for long periods of time for other disorders. Correct diagnosis is important since treatment is quite specific. Such patients may present with a characteristic history and findings on physical examination. Certain physiologic tests such as flow-volume loops with and without helium help to prove the diagnosis. Patients with upper airway obstruction may also have sleep apneas and the sleep deprivation syndrome, Methods of diagnosis of upper airway obstruction are presented and three instructive cases are reviewed.
Kryger M., Bode F, Antic R, Anthonisen N: Diagnosis of obstruction of the upper and central airways. Am J Med 61: 85-93, 1976.
Trachea
Flow-volume curves
Neutron activation analysis of a hand has been used to monitor changes in skeletal calcium content of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Assessed by this technic supplementary magnesium therapy was of value in reducing the progressive losses of skeletal calcium in a proportion of the patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Oral calcium supplements produced a decrease in the skeletal calcium losses of all the patients studied. l-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, a potent vitamin D analogue, caused a significant increase in the calcium content of bone in three patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis; it may prove to be a safe and effective form of therapy for azotemic osteodystrophy.
I;
Skeletal calcium
Azotemic osteodystrophy
Maintenance hemodialysis
The change in body composition in acromegaly that resulted from pituitary irradiation was examined using the technic of total body neutron activation analysis. It is postulated that in untreated acromegaly there is differential bone remodelling with an increase in cortical bone accompanied by a reduced trabecular bone mass. When reduction of hGH levels is accomplished with treatment, cortical apposition may decrease. Since the increased cortical bone mass probably aids in preventing vertebral compression fractures, risk of fractures may be increased. This risk may be increased further by the hypogonadism which may arise secondary to pituitary irradiation or surgery. It would be prudent to ensure that the hypogonadal acromegalic patient receives an adequate calcium intake and sex hormone replacement therapy.
l-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol
Renal bone disease
Catto GRD, MacLeod M: The investigation and treatment of renal bone disease. Am J Med 61: 64-73, 1976.
Growth hormone
Pituitary irradiation
Sex hormone replacement
Calcium intake
Aloia JF, Petrak 2, Ellis K, Cohn SH: Body composition and skeletal metabolism following pituitary irradiation in acromegaly. Am J Med 61: 59-63.. 1976.
Body composition
Acromegaly
I
The effects of an inhaled bronchodilator on the distribution of inspired gas and over-all efficiency of ventilation were studied by the nitrogen washout technic in 16 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: three normal subjects and two patients with asymptomatic asthma (and normal spirometric values) were also studied. The behavior of nitrogen clearance after treatment was related to the degree of functional impairment and response of the anatomic dead space. The effects of the bronchodilator varied with time. The results are consistent with the assumption that the changes in nitrogen clearance after bronchodilator therapy reflect the concourse of multiple factors, which may be expected to have favorable or unfavorable effects on the distribution of inspired gas and the efficiency of ventilation.
Cutillo A, Perondi R, Turiel M. Monti S: Effects of an inhaled bronchodilator on gas distribution and over-all ventilatory efficiency in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Med 61: 74-84, 1976.
Bronchodilator inhalation Ventilatory eff iclency Nitrogen clearance Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Gas distribution Orciprenaline
Larynx
Sleep Pulmonary functions
Helium
Apnea
Patients with obstruction of the upper airways are often treated for long periods of time for other disorders. Correct diagnosis is important since treatment is quite specific. Such patients may present with a characteristic history and findings on physical examination. Certain physiologic tests such as flow-volume loops with and without helium help to prove the diagnosis. Patients with upper airway obstruction may also have sleep apneas and the sleep deprivation syndrome, Methods of diagnosis of upper airway obstruction are presented and three instructive cases are reviewed.
Kryger M., Bode F, Antic R, Anthonisen N: Diagnosis of obstruction of the upper and central airways. Am J Med 61: 85-93, 1976.
Trachea
Flow-volume curves
Neutron activation analysis of a hand has been used to monitor changes in skeletal calcium content of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Assessed by this technic supplementary magnesium therapy was of value in reducing the progressive losses of skeletal calcium in a proportion of the patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Oral calcium supplements produced a decrease in the skeletal calcium losses of all the patients studied. l-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, a potent vitamin D analogue, caused a significant increase in the calcium content of bone in three patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis; it may prove to be a safe and effective form of therapy for azotemic osteodystrophy.
I;
Skeletal calcium
Azotemic osteodystrophy
Maintenance hemodialysis
The change in body composition in acromegaly that resulted from pituitary irradiation was examined using the technic of total body neutron activation analysis. It is postulated that in untreated acromegaly there is differential bone remodelling with an increase in cortical bone accompanied by a reduced trabecular bone mass. When reduction of hGH levels is accomplished with treatment, cortical apposition may decrease. Since the increased cortical bone mass probably aids in preventing vertebral compression fractures, risk of fractures may be increased. This risk may be increased further by the hypogonadism which may arise secondary to pituitary irradiation or surgery. It would be prudent to ensure that the hypogonadal acromegalic patient receives an adequate calcium intake and sex hormone replacement therapy.
l-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol
Renal bone disease
Catto GRD, MacLeod M: The investigation and treatment of renal bone disease. Am J Med 61: 64-73, 1976.
Growth hormone
Pituitary irradiation
Sex hormone replacement
Calcium intake
Aloia JF, Petrak 2, Ellis K, Cohn SH: Body composition and skeletal metabolism following pituitary irradiation in acromegaly. Am J Med 61: 59-63.. 1976.
Body composition
Acromegaly
I