- Email: [email protected]
Dietary nickel intake in the canary islands (Spain): A total diet study
British Toxicology Society Abstracts, Spring 2010 / Toxicology 278 (2010) 341–378
377
Table 1 Mean percentage (±SD) of TER relative to control. Cells were exposed to Cisplatin for 24 h and TER values were measured up to 48 h after removal of Cisplatin (n = 5, 8 replicates/experiment). *P < 0.05 compared with control after 24 h exposure, † P < 0.05 compared with untreated cells, analysed by one-way ANOVA and Dunnet’s post-test. Concentration
24 h exposure
1 M 3 M 5 M 10 M 30 M
102.5 (18.0) 108.0 (17.2) 86.5 (10.1) 32.1(34.1)† 3.7 (6.5)†
3 h removal
6 h removal
107.2 (12.4) 119.4 (12.6) 113.0 (8.5) 40.8 (29.9) 1.1 (3.1)
Nurul H. Othman is supported by a PhD studentship from the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia.
117.1 (12.9) 129.4 (6.9) 102.9 (44.3) 23.7 (34.5) 0.6 (2.7)
Age group (years)
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2010.08.141 P62 Dietary nickel intake in the canary islands (Spain): A total diet study Weller 1,∗ ,
Gutiérrez 2,∗ ,
Dailos González Ángel J. de la Torre 2,∗ , Carmen Rubio Armendáriz 2,∗
Arturo Hardisson
1
Laboratory and Sanitary Inspection Service, Tenerife Health Department, Canary Islands’ Government Health Service, Spain 2 Toxicology Department, La Laguna University Medical School, 38071 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain E-mail address: [email protected] (C.R. Armendáriz).
Nickel (Ni) is a widely distributed environmental metal. Diet and drinking water are the main sources of nickel for human beings. Foods usually contain less than 0.2 mg/kg but there are certain exceptions like tea leaves, cocoa grains and nuts with high Ni levels. Even if dietary exposure to Ni is generally safe and very rarely causes toxic effects, there is more and more concern about allergic reactions (dermatitis) after dietary exposure to Ni. Moreover, the alteration of Ni metabolism may be responsible for pathological responses. Finally, this metal can modify the metabolism of certain essential metals like Fe (II), Mn (II), Ca (II), Zn (II) and Mn (II), affecting the human health. To determine the Ni content in the 22 different food groups most commonly consumed by the population of the Canary Islands and to estimate the total dietary intake of Nickel in the population of the Canary Islands. The Ni content of a total of 440 samples has been analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with graphite furnace (GF AAS) after dry incineration of the samples. Mean Ni concentration in foods and drinks was found to be 0.179 mg/kg. All food groups showed detectable Ni concentrations within a range of 0.002 mg/L (in drinking water) and 2.348 mg/kg (in the nuts group). Considering the food consumption of each one of these 22 food groups published in the last official nutritional survey in the Canary Islands (ENCA; 2000) for the different sexes and age groups, the highest Ni intake among women would be observed for those between 11 and 17 years old (0.08953 mg/day) and the lowest Ni intake would be detected in women between 65 and 75 years old (0.07632 mg/day). Ni dietary intake in men showed that 45–54-year-old men showed the highest intake, at 0.10845 mg Ni/day, and as was the case for women, men between 65 and 75 years old showed the lowest intake (0.08675 mg/day) (Table 1). Recommended levels of metal intake can only be established after determining and monitoring the metal contents in foods and
48 h removal
149.1 (41.1)* 177.0 (37.8)* 189.2 (53.8)* 9.6 (11.6) –
190.4 (33.5)* 193.0 (43.5)* 151.3 (21.5)* 14.6 (20.7) –
Table 1 Ni daily dietary intake in te Canary Islands. Total intake (mg Ni/day)
References Duff, T., Carter, S., Feldman, G., McEwan, G., Pfaller, W., Rhodes, P., Ryan, M., Hawksworth, G., 2002. ATLA 30, 53–59. Young, L., Hawksworth, G.M., Alderson, C., 2008. Toxicology 253, P21.
24 h removal
6–10 11–17 18–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–75
Men
Women
0.09174 0.10689 0.10061 0.10532 0.10776 0.10845 0.09484 0.08675
0.08949 0.08953 0.08276 0.08437 0.08753 0.08409 0.08107 0.07632
drinks. Very few studies have been conducted about overall dietary intake of Ni, therefore this study offers a new perspective about dietary Ni from a nutritional, toxicological and food safety perspective, not only for the population of the Canary Islands but for other populations as well. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2010.08.142 P63 Cyclophosphamide causes transgenerational genomic instability in mice Colin D. Glen, Lydia Djenoune, Yuri E. Dubrova ∗ Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom E-mail address: [email protected] (Y.E. Dubrova). Improvements in treatment have produced dramatic increases in survival rates amongst cancer patients. However, along with surgery, the mainstays of cancer treatment are radiotherapy and chemotherapy, both of which are potentially genotoxic and mutagenic. There is strong evidence that parental exposure to anticancer drugs can cause heritable genetic damage and diseases in their offspring, which is almost entirely based on experimental data obtained by studying mutation induction in the mouse germline (Witt and Bishop, 1996). Despite the significant progress made in this area, many pertinent questions, particularly regarding germline mutation induction following low/intermediate-dose exposure and transgenerational changes in the offspring of treated parents, have remained unanswered. In a previous study we have addressed the issue of mutation induction in the germline of male mice exposed to clinically releTable 1 ESTR mutation frequencies, as measured by single-molecule PCR. For each mouse and each tissue, >100 ESTR molecules were amplified and assessed.
Sperm Bone marrow
Control group (6 mice)
Offspring of male mice exposed to 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (4 mice)
p value
0.0745 ± 0.0098 0.0734 ± 0.0095
0.1237 ± 0.0161 0.1076 ± 0.0124
0.0092 0.0294
377
Table 1 Mean percentage (±SD) of TER relative to control. Cells were exposed to Cisplatin for 24 h and TER values were measured up to 48 h after removal of Cisplatin (n = 5, 8 replicates/experiment). *P < 0.05 compared with control after 24 h exposure, † P < 0.05 compared with untreated cells, analysed by one-way ANOVA and Dunnet’s post-test. Concentration
24 h exposure
1 M 3 M 5 M 10 M 30 M
102.5 (18.0) 108.0 (17.2) 86.5 (10.1) 32.1(34.1)† 3.7 (6.5)†
3 h removal
6 h removal
107.2 (12.4) 119.4 (12.6) 113.0 (8.5) 40.8 (29.9) 1.1 (3.1)
Nurul H. Othman is supported by a PhD studentship from the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia.
117.1 (12.9) 129.4 (6.9) 102.9 (44.3) 23.7 (34.5) 0.6 (2.7)
Age group (years)
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2010.08.141 P62 Dietary nickel intake in the canary islands (Spain): A total diet study Weller 1,∗ ,
Gutiérrez 2,∗ ,
Dailos González Ángel J. de la Torre 2,∗ , Carmen Rubio Armendáriz 2,∗
Arturo Hardisson
1
Laboratory and Sanitary Inspection Service, Tenerife Health Department, Canary Islands’ Government Health Service, Spain 2 Toxicology Department, La Laguna University Medical School, 38071 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain E-mail address: [email protected] (C.R. Armendáriz).
Nickel (Ni) is a widely distributed environmental metal. Diet and drinking water are the main sources of nickel for human beings. Foods usually contain less than 0.2 mg/kg but there are certain exceptions like tea leaves, cocoa grains and nuts with high Ni levels. Even if dietary exposure to Ni is generally safe and very rarely causes toxic effects, there is more and more concern about allergic reactions (dermatitis) after dietary exposure to Ni. Moreover, the alteration of Ni metabolism may be responsible for pathological responses. Finally, this metal can modify the metabolism of certain essential metals like Fe (II), Mn (II), Ca (II), Zn (II) and Mn (II), affecting the human health. To determine the Ni content in the 22 different food groups most commonly consumed by the population of the Canary Islands and to estimate the total dietary intake of Nickel in the population of the Canary Islands. The Ni content of a total of 440 samples has been analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with graphite furnace (GF AAS) after dry incineration of the samples. Mean Ni concentration in foods and drinks was found to be 0.179 mg/kg. All food groups showed detectable Ni concentrations within a range of 0.002 mg/L (in drinking water) and 2.348 mg/kg (in the nuts group). Considering the food consumption of each one of these 22 food groups published in the last official nutritional survey in the Canary Islands (ENCA; 2000) for the different sexes and age groups, the highest Ni intake among women would be observed for those between 11 and 17 years old (0.08953 mg/day) and the lowest Ni intake would be detected in women between 65 and 75 years old (0.07632 mg/day). Ni dietary intake in men showed that 45–54-year-old men showed the highest intake, at 0.10845 mg Ni/day, and as was the case for women, men between 65 and 75 years old showed the lowest intake (0.08675 mg/day) (Table 1). Recommended levels of metal intake can only be established after determining and monitoring the metal contents in foods and
48 h removal
149.1 (41.1)* 177.0 (37.8)* 189.2 (53.8)* 9.6 (11.6) –
190.4 (33.5)* 193.0 (43.5)* 151.3 (21.5)* 14.6 (20.7) –
Table 1 Ni daily dietary intake in te Canary Islands. Total intake (mg Ni/day)
References Duff, T., Carter, S., Feldman, G., McEwan, G., Pfaller, W., Rhodes, P., Ryan, M., Hawksworth, G., 2002. ATLA 30, 53–59. Young, L., Hawksworth, G.M., Alderson, C., 2008. Toxicology 253, P21.
24 h removal
6–10 11–17 18–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–75
Men
Women
0.09174 0.10689 0.10061 0.10532 0.10776 0.10845 0.09484 0.08675
0.08949 0.08953 0.08276 0.08437 0.08753 0.08409 0.08107 0.07632
drinks. Very few studies have been conducted about overall dietary intake of Ni, therefore this study offers a new perspective about dietary Ni from a nutritional, toxicological and food safety perspective, not only for the population of the Canary Islands but for other populations as well. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2010.08.142 P63 Cyclophosphamide causes transgenerational genomic instability in mice Colin D. Glen, Lydia Djenoune, Yuri E. Dubrova ∗ Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom E-mail address: [email protected] (Y.E. Dubrova). Improvements in treatment have produced dramatic increases in survival rates amongst cancer patients. However, along with surgery, the mainstays of cancer treatment are radiotherapy and chemotherapy, both of which are potentially genotoxic and mutagenic. There is strong evidence that parental exposure to anticancer drugs can cause heritable genetic damage and diseases in their offspring, which is almost entirely based on experimental data obtained by studying mutation induction in the mouse germline (Witt and Bishop, 1996). Despite the significant progress made in this area, many pertinent questions, particularly regarding germline mutation induction following low/intermediate-dose exposure and transgenerational changes in the offspring of treated parents, have remained unanswered. In a previous study we have addressed the issue of mutation induction in the germline of male mice exposed to clinically releTable 1 ESTR mutation frequencies, as measured by single-molecule PCR. For each mouse and each tissue, >100 ESTR molecules were amplified and assessed.
Sperm Bone marrow
Control group (6 mice)
Offspring of male mice exposed to 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (4 mice)
p value
0.0745 ± 0.0098 0.0734 ± 0.0095
0.1237 ± 0.0161 0.1076 ± 0.0124
0.0092 0.0294