- Email: [email protected]
Differences Between Body Mass Index and Other Weight Measures in Children 6–11 Years Of Age Who are at Risk and Not at Risk for Overweight
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 23
POSTER SESSION: NUTRITION ASSESSMENT/MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY TITLE: DIETARY KNOWLEDGE AND DIABETES-RELATED HEALTH PRACTICES OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA AUTHOR(S): J. Pierre, MS; C.B. Hollenbeck, PhD; L.M. McProud, PhD; San Jose State University, CA LEARNING OUTCOME: The present study will allow individuals to identify some of the problem areas in dietary knowledge and diabetes-related health practices of African-Americans with type 2 diabetes in the San Francisco Bay Area. TEXT: The study presents results of a nutrition and diabetes-related health survey of African Americans (AA) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The survey was piloted and modified according to feedback from a group of AA with type 2 DM and three registered dietitians with experience with the AA population. The seventy-five respondents were divided into two groups, based on the presence (DMP; n⫽29) or absence (DMA; n⫽46) of at least one other chronic disease such as hypertension or end-stage renal disease. Chi-squared analysis indicated the two groups were similar in nutritional knowledge, and diabetes-related health practices. Respondents demonstrated fair nutritional knowledge and habits but lacked knowledge on specific concepts. Although a significant number of correctly identified starches, many had difficulty distinguishing starches from non-starches. Participants correctly identified most foods high in fat, but only about half correctly identified nut butters as high fat. Seventy-three percent of the participants self-tested their blood glucose ⬎ once a day, however, only 55% used diet either alone or in conjunction with insulin or hypoglycemic agents in their treatment regimen. Ninety-seven percent received diabetes education on only one occasion. More of the DMP had lower annual income and a significant number of these participants were female compared to the DMA. The results of this survey indicate that AA with type 2 diabetes mellitus are an underserved population that needs to receive ongoing diabetes and nutrition education. Such intervention should underscore the role of diet in diabetes management, which should improve their long-term prognosis.
TITLE: ADEQUATE CALCIUM INTAKE AND LOWER BODY FAT IN 6 –9 YEAR OLD CHILDREN AUTHOR(S): E. Hennessy, MS, MPH; C.D. Economos, PhD; R.R. Hyatt, SM, PhD; M.K. Shea, MS; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy; Tufts University, Boston, MA LEARNING OUTCOME: To examine the relationship between dairy intake and dietary calcium intake with body composition in 6 –9 year old children. TEXT: Baseline data from a multi-ethnic sample (73% Caucasian, 9% African American, 18% Hispanic/Multi-Racial) of 90 children (45 boys, 45 girls) participating in a larger intervention study was examined to assess the relationship between calcium intake and body composition. Percent body fat (%BF) was measured using Lunar dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); dietary intake was assessed via a parent-assisted 24-hour recall; and MTI/CSA accelerometers were used to measure physical activity (PA). Children’s mean dairy intake was 2.65 [2.15] servings/day; mean calcium intake was 1033.4[514.0] mg/day; and mean %BF was 25.4[8.76]. Percent body fat was inversely correlated with meeting 100% of the RDA for calcium (r⫽⫺.271, p⫽.01). Sixty-one percent of children met the RDA for calcium and had a significantly lower %BF compared to the children who did not meet the RDA (22.66% vs. 30.22%, p ⫽ 0.01). Similarly, children who consumed at least 2 servings of dairy per day had a significantly lower %BF compared to the children who did not (23.29% vs. 28.12%, p⫽0. 03). There was no significant difference in %BF for children who consumed three or more servings of dairy per day. Meeting the RDA for calcium was a significant predictor of %BF (t ⫽⫺2.482, p⫽.015) using regression analysis and controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, physical activity, caloric intake, and saturated fat intake (adjusted R2⫽ .241). Increasing dairy intake to at least two servings per day and meeting the RDA for calcium may be important in maintaining a healthy %BF for young children. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: DMI contract 990.
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: None
TITLE: CLASSIFICATION OF PREADOLESCENT BOYS BASED ON THEIR BODY MASS INDEX AND PERCENT BODY FAT PRODUCES DIFFERENT GROUPS
TITLE: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND OTHER WEIGHT MEASURES IN CHILDREN 6 –11 YEARS OF AGE WHO ARE AT RISK AND NOT AT RISK FOR OVERWEIGHT
AUTHOR(S): L.S. Brann, PhD, RD
AUTHOR(S): B.J. Fountain; S.H. Byrd; Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion
LEARNING OUTCOME: To understand the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) in preadolescent boys and to determine whether boys grouped by their BMI status would be grouped similarly based on their PBF.
LEARNING OUTCOME: To examine the importance of utilizing multiple measures of body composition in analyzing weight status in children.
TEXT: A cross-sectional study of preadolescent boys was performed to evaluate whether grouping by BMI and PBF would produce similar results. Participants included fifty 8-to10-year old Caucasian boys. Height and weight were measured to calculate BMI and PBF was determined using air-displacement plethysmography. Boys were grouped based on their BMI into an average BMI group (BMI percentile between the 33rd and the 68th) and a high BMI group (BMI percentile ⱖ85th) and based on their PBF into a lower PBF group (PBF ⬍21.8) and an upper PBF group (PBF ⬎21.8). Independent samples t-tests were used to examine differences in age, weight, height, BMI, BMI percentile and PBF for boys by their group status. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between boys’ BMI and PBF. A chi-square test was used to examine similarities in proportions for possible outcomes of groupings by BMI and PBF. Differences were found in weight, BMI, BMI percentile and PBF between the groups when they were divided by BMI and PBF. PBF was significantly correlated with BMI (r⫽0.74,p⬍.0001), and the two ways of grouping were not independent (2⫽13.52, p⬍.0001). Six of the 25 boys in the high BMI group were classified into the lower PBF group, and 6 of the 25 boys in the average BMI group were classified into the upper PBF group, indicating that 6 boys from each group were classified differently. BMI may be a useful screening tool to determine adiposity in groups, but it can be problematic when evaluating individual boys.
TEXT: Body Mass Index (BMI) has become the main determinant for addressing weight status in children. The use of BMI as the main reference tool has been facilitated by the 2000 CDC growth charts BMI-for-age and gender specific growth charts. Cut-off points for at risk of overweight in children have been set at or above the 85th percentile and overweight set at the 95th percentile. Using NHANES 1999 –2000 data, children 6 –11 years of age were classified either at risk for overweight (ⱖ85th percentile) or not at risk for overweight (th percentile) based on CDC growth charts. Significant differences were observed between the two groups, between BMI and other weight measures including triceps skinfold thickness and waist circumference. Chi-square tests of association were made between BMI growth charts and waist circumference growth charts as developed by McCarthy et al. and recommended by Maffeis et al. as the level of increased cardiovascular disease risk in children. Results found 93% of children who had a BMI at or greater than the 85th percentile also had a waist circumference above the 90th percentile. Eighty percent of children below the 85th percentile also were below the 90th percentile for waist circumference. Further studies need to be conducted to determine if the 90th percentile is a correct value for assessing increased risk in children and adolescents. If so, based on these results, in addition to assessing BMI, practitioners may want to assess waist circumference as well; especially if children are at risk for overweight.
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: American Dietetic Association/Gerber Endowment in Pediatric Nutrition Scholarship.
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: This work was supported by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES) under project MIS-601090.
A-22 / August 2005 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 105 Number 8
POSTER SESSION: NUTRITION ASSESSMENT/MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY TITLE: DIETARY KNOWLEDGE AND DIABETES-RELATED HEALTH PRACTICES OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (DM) IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA AUTHOR(S): J. Pierre, MS; C.B. Hollenbeck, PhD; L.M. McProud, PhD; San Jose State University, CA LEARNING OUTCOME: The present study will allow individuals to identify some of the problem areas in dietary knowledge and diabetes-related health practices of African-Americans with type 2 diabetes in the San Francisco Bay Area. TEXT: The study presents results of a nutrition and diabetes-related health survey of African Americans (AA) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The survey was piloted and modified according to feedback from a group of AA with type 2 DM and three registered dietitians with experience with the AA population. The seventy-five respondents were divided into two groups, based on the presence (DMP; n⫽29) or absence (DMA; n⫽46) of at least one other chronic disease such as hypertension or end-stage renal disease. Chi-squared analysis indicated the two groups were similar in nutritional knowledge, and diabetes-related health practices. Respondents demonstrated fair nutritional knowledge and habits but lacked knowledge on specific concepts. Although a significant number of correctly identified starches, many had difficulty distinguishing starches from non-starches. Participants correctly identified most foods high in fat, but only about half correctly identified nut butters as high fat. Seventy-three percent of the participants self-tested their blood glucose ⬎ once a day, however, only 55% used diet either alone or in conjunction with insulin or hypoglycemic agents in their treatment regimen. Ninety-seven percent received diabetes education on only one occasion. More of the DMP had lower annual income and a significant number of these participants were female compared to the DMA. The results of this survey indicate that AA with type 2 diabetes mellitus are an underserved population that needs to receive ongoing diabetes and nutrition education. Such intervention should underscore the role of diet in diabetes management, which should improve their long-term prognosis.
TITLE: ADEQUATE CALCIUM INTAKE AND LOWER BODY FAT IN 6 –9 YEAR OLD CHILDREN AUTHOR(S): E. Hennessy, MS, MPH; C.D. Economos, PhD; R.R. Hyatt, SM, PhD; M.K. Shea, MS; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy; Tufts University, Boston, MA LEARNING OUTCOME: To examine the relationship between dairy intake and dietary calcium intake with body composition in 6 –9 year old children. TEXT: Baseline data from a multi-ethnic sample (73% Caucasian, 9% African American, 18% Hispanic/Multi-Racial) of 90 children (45 boys, 45 girls) participating in a larger intervention study was examined to assess the relationship between calcium intake and body composition. Percent body fat (%BF) was measured using Lunar dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); dietary intake was assessed via a parent-assisted 24-hour recall; and MTI/CSA accelerometers were used to measure physical activity (PA). Children’s mean dairy intake was 2.65 [2.15] servings/day; mean calcium intake was 1033.4[514.0] mg/day; and mean %BF was 25.4[8.76]. Percent body fat was inversely correlated with meeting 100% of the RDA for calcium (r⫽⫺.271, p⫽.01). Sixty-one percent of children met the RDA for calcium and had a significantly lower %BF compared to the children who did not meet the RDA (22.66% vs. 30.22%, p ⫽ 0.01). Similarly, children who consumed at least 2 servings of dairy per day had a significantly lower %BF compared to the children who did not (23.29% vs. 28.12%, p⫽0. 03). There was no significant difference in %BF for children who consumed three or more servings of dairy per day. Meeting the RDA for calcium was a significant predictor of %BF (t ⫽⫺2.482, p⫽.015) using regression analysis and controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, physical activity, caloric intake, and saturated fat intake (adjusted R2⫽ .241). Increasing dairy intake to at least two servings per day and meeting the RDA for calcium may be important in maintaining a healthy %BF for young children. FUNDING DISCLOSURE: DMI contract 990.
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: None
TITLE: CLASSIFICATION OF PREADOLESCENT BOYS BASED ON THEIR BODY MASS INDEX AND PERCENT BODY FAT PRODUCES DIFFERENT GROUPS
TITLE: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND OTHER WEIGHT MEASURES IN CHILDREN 6 –11 YEARS OF AGE WHO ARE AT RISK AND NOT AT RISK FOR OVERWEIGHT
AUTHOR(S): L.S. Brann, PhD, RD
AUTHOR(S): B.J. Fountain; S.H. Byrd; Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion
LEARNING OUTCOME: To understand the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) in preadolescent boys and to determine whether boys grouped by their BMI status would be grouped similarly based on their PBF.
LEARNING OUTCOME: To examine the importance of utilizing multiple measures of body composition in analyzing weight status in children.
TEXT: A cross-sectional study of preadolescent boys was performed to evaluate whether grouping by BMI and PBF would produce similar results. Participants included fifty 8-to10-year old Caucasian boys. Height and weight were measured to calculate BMI and PBF was determined using air-displacement plethysmography. Boys were grouped based on their BMI into an average BMI group (BMI percentile between the 33rd and the 68th) and a high BMI group (BMI percentile ⱖ85th) and based on their PBF into a lower PBF group (PBF ⬍21.8) and an upper PBF group (PBF ⬎21.8). Independent samples t-tests were used to examine differences in age, weight, height, BMI, BMI percentile and PBF for boys by their group status. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between boys’ BMI and PBF. A chi-square test was used to examine similarities in proportions for possible outcomes of groupings by BMI and PBF. Differences were found in weight, BMI, BMI percentile and PBF between the groups when they were divided by BMI and PBF. PBF was significantly correlated with BMI (r⫽0.74,p⬍.0001), and the two ways of grouping were not independent (2⫽13.52, p⬍.0001). Six of the 25 boys in the high BMI group were classified into the lower PBF group, and 6 of the 25 boys in the average BMI group were classified into the upper PBF group, indicating that 6 boys from each group were classified differently. BMI may be a useful screening tool to determine adiposity in groups, but it can be problematic when evaluating individual boys.
TEXT: Body Mass Index (BMI) has become the main determinant for addressing weight status in children. The use of BMI as the main reference tool has been facilitated by the 2000 CDC growth charts BMI-for-age and gender specific growth charts. Cut-off points for at risk of overweight in children have been set at or above the 85th percentile and overweight set at the 95th percentile. Using NHANES 1999 –2000 data, children 6 –11 years of age were classified either at risk for overweight (ⱖ85th percentile) or not at risk for overweight (th percentile) based on CDC growth charts. Significant differences were observed between the two groups, between BMI and other weight measures including triceps skinfold thickness and waist circumference. Chi-square tests of association were made between BMI growth charts and waist circumference growth charts as developed by McCarthy et al. and recommended by Maffeis et al. as the level of increased cardiovascular disease risk in children. Results found 93% of children who had a BMI at or greater than the 85th percentile also had a waist circumference above the 90th percentile. Eighty percent of children below the 85th percentile also were below the 90th percentile for waist circumference. Further studies need to be conducted to determine if the 90th percentile is a correct value for assessing increased risk in children and adolescents. If so, based on these results, in addition to assessing BMI, practitioners may want to assess waist circumference as well; especially if children are at risk for overweight.
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: American Dietetic Association/Gerber Endowment in Pediatric Nutrition Scholarship.
FUNDING DISCLOSURE: This work was supported by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES) under project MIS-601090.
A-22 / August 2005 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 105 Number 8