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Different techniques of underground storage of liquid, liquified and gaseous hydrocarbons (in French)
283A
895438 Stress control methods help to optimise underground mine • design Strata, S; Lawshe, M MiR Engng V41, N3, March 1989, P!58-160 The stress control method (SCM) increases roof and floor stability and has been successfully applied in potash, salt and coal mines. The stress envelopes produced are described. Optimum yield pillar width and critical pillar range are derived by the tapered pillar experiment in which a minimum 3 room layout is excavated to produce a continuously diminishing yield pillar width. Vertical and lateral closure are monitored. Finite element analysis is used to model deformation in terms of stress state and material properties, allowing mine design by SCM. SCM improves ground stability, productivity and ore recovery.
895439 Performance of coal pillars designed to squat pillar formula Madden, B J Key Questions in Rock Mechanics: Proc 29th US Symposium, Minneapolis, 13-15 June 1988 P699-708. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1988 Coal pillar design in South Africa has traditionally been based on the formula of Salamon and Munro 0976). Increased load carrying capacity was postulated with pillars of high width: height ratio. This was supported by laboratory testing, which revealed that failure mode changes from brittle to ductile as pillar width:height increases. A new modified pillar design formula has been developed. Initial results of its application suggest stable pillars with increased percentage extraction. 895440 Collapse of the gabbro sill above an open stope at Premier mine Bartlett, P J; Raubenheimer, M Proc Ist Regional Conference for Africa, Rock Mechanics in Africa, Swaziland, 3-4 Novemher 1988 P9-12. Publ Marshaltown: SANGO RM. 1988 Detailed mapping was undertaken of the gabbro sill intersecting the kimberlite pipe, and data suggested 80m wide open stopes could be mined below the sill. After a block 80m by 55m had been mined, the sill collapsed, and collapse continued as the stope retreated. The rock conditions around the stope were analysed and data used for a detailed computer stress simulation based on the proposed mine plan, which showed collapse would continue. Detailed monitoring of the sill using strain gauges and extensometers gave little warning of collapse, whilst strain gauges in the kimberlite wall rock showed a stress distribution similar to computer simulation. Panel retreat caving was adopted as mining method.
General undergroundstorage 895442 Disposal of unusual waste in mines underground from the mining viewpoint (In German) Schaar, P Gluckanf V125. N3/4. Feb 1989. P189-193 To avoid transfer of underground waste deposits into the biosphere, construction of underground storage spaces should aim to avoid flow routes in the surrounding strata. This can be achieved by designing the openings using proper mining practice and introducing stowing material which is immediately bearing and fills the space completely. 895443 Underground gas storage sites: their purpose, their equipment and their exploitation (In French) Lecoanet, A; Blondin, E; Giminez, J lndustrie Minerale V71. Jan 1989, P42-49 Underground storage facilities for gas in France use capped aquifers in sedimentary basins or caverns in salt rock. The procedures for evaluation of suitable geological locations for such structures, mathematical modelling of their behaviour, leakage prevention by resin grouting, and various stages of cement grouting of thin covering layers are described. 895444 Experience with thermal problems in underground storage sites of hydrocarbons (In French) Pantin, C Industrie Minerale V71. Jan 1989. P50-52 Thermal and thermodynamic problems are possible when storing liquid, liquefiable, or gaseous hydrocarbons. Two specific cases are examined. The first deals with behaviour of deep caverns filled with LNG at -162 deg C. The second considers storage in leached cavities in rock salt. Problems can arise because of disturbance of the original geothermal equilibrium by leaching with fresh water over a period of months, temperature variation with pressure change on exploitation, and the return to thermal equilibrium when a cavern is closed and very high pressures may be developed. 895445 Different techniques of underground storage of liquid, liquified and gaseous hydrocarbons (In French) Pantin, C lndustrie Minerale V71. Jan 1989. P53-55 Underground storage can be used for many purposes, with potential security, economic or environmental advantages. The principles of storage in leached caverns in rock salt, excavated caverns, abandoned mines, or capped aquifers are described, and their main features and potential areas of application discussed.
895441 Salt production by solution mining - the Pimai project Salakshana, D; Lux, K H; Quast, P; Rokahr, R B Proc Ninth Southeast Asian Geotectmical Conference, Bangkok, 7-11 December 1987 VI, P3.45-3.56. Publ Bangkok: Southeast Asian Geotechnicai Society, 1987
895446 Updated review of Norwegian rock caverns storing liquids, oil products or gas under high pressure or low temperature Lien, R; Loset, F Norw Geotech lnst Publ N173, 1988. 6P
Investigation and planning for salt production using modern solution mining techniques are outlined. The geology of the area is described. Laboratory tests on core samples to determine mechanical properties were performed and results used in finite element analysis to design safe dimensions for the cavities produced during the solution mining process. The selected process for solution mining and the technical installations required are described.
37 rock storage caverns are described. The caverns are for 3 types of storage: liquids (oil products and water), gases under high pressure and food under low temperature. 20 of the caverns are in Precambrian gneiss or granite, 15 are in Cambro-Silurian metamorphic rocks, and 2 are in Permian syenite. A table provides data for each cavern on rock type, critical dimensions, type of storage, pressure, temperature, lining, injection and remarks on experience gained.
1989 Pergamon Press pie. Reproduction not permitted
895438 Stress control methods help to optimise underground mine • design Strata, S; Lawshe, M MiR Engng V41, N3, March 1989, P!58-160 The stress control method (SCM) increases roof and floor stability and has been successfully applied in potash, salt and coal mines. The stress envelopes produced are described. Optimum yield pillar width and critical pillar range are derived by the tapered pillar experiment in which a minimum 3 room layout is excavated to produce a continuously diminishing yield pillar width. Vertical and lateral closure are monitored. Finite element analysis is used to model deformation in terms of stress state and material properties, allowing mine design by SCM. SCM improves ground stability, productivity and ore recovery.
895439 Performance of coal pillars designed to squat pillar formula Madden, B J Key Questions in Rock Mechanics: Proc 29th US Symposium, Minneapolis, 13-15 June 1988 P699-708. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema. 1988 Coal pillar design in South Africa has traditionally been based on the formula of Salamon and Munro 0976). Increased load carrying capacity was postulated with pillars of high width: height ratio. This was supported by laboratory testing, which revealed that failure mode changes from brittle to ductile as pillar width:height increases. A new modified pillar design formula has been developed. Initial results of its application suggest stable pillars with increased percentage extraction. 895440 Collapse of the gabbro sill above an open stope at Premier mine Bartlett, P J; Raubenheimer, M Proc Ist Regional Conference for Africa, Rock Mechanics in Africa, Swaziland, 3-4 Novemher 1988 P9-12. Publ Marshaltown: SANGO RM. 1988 Detailed mapping was undertaken of the gabbro sill intersecting the kimberlite pipe, and data suggested 80m wide open stopes could be mined below the sill. After a block 80m by 55m had been mined, the sill collapsed, and collapse continued as the stope retreated. The rock conditions around the stope were analysed and data used for a detailed computer stress simulation based on the proposed mine plan, which showed collapse would continue. Detailed monitoring of the sill using strain gauges and extensometers gave little warning of collapse, whilst strain gauges in the kimberlite wall rock showed a stress distribution similar to computer simulation. Panel retreat caving was adopted as mining method.
General undergroundstorage 895442 Disposal of unusual waste in mines underground from the mining viewpoint (In German) Schaar, P Gluckanf V125. N3/4. Feb 1989. P189-193 To avoid transfer of underground waste deposits into the biosphere, construction of underground storage spaces should aim to avoid flow routes in the surrounding strata. This can be achieved by designing the openings using proper mining practice and introducing stowing material which is immediately bearing and fills the space completely. 895443 Underground gas storage sites: their purpose, their equipment and their exploitation (In French) Lecoanet, A; Blondin, E; Giminez, J lndustrie Minerale V71. Jan 1989, P42-49 Underground storage facilities for gas in France use capped aquifers in sedimentary basins or caverns in salt rock. The procedures for evaluation of suitable geological locations for such structures, mathematical modelling of their behaviour, leakage prevention by resin grouting, and various stages of cement grouting of thin covering layers are described. 895444 Experience with thermal problems in underground storage sites of hydrocarbons (In French) Pantin, C Industrie Minerale V71. Jan 1989. P50-52 Thermal and thermodynamic problems are possible when storing liquid, liquefiable, or gaseous hydrocarbons. Two specific cases are examined. The first deals with behaviour of deep caverns filled with LNG at -162 deg C. The second considers storage in leached cavities in rock salt. Problems can arise because of disturbance of the original geothermal equilibrium by leaching with fresh water over a period of months, temperature variation with pressure change on exploitation, and the return to thermal equilibrium when a cavern is closed and very high pressures may be developed. 895445 Different techniques of underground storage of liquid, liquified and gaseous hydrocarbons (In French) Pantin, C lndustrie Minerale V71. Jan 1989. P53-55 Underground storage can be used for many purposes, with potential security, economic or environmental advantages. The principles of storage in leached caverns in rock salt, excavated caverns, abandoned mines, or capped aquifers are described, and their main features and potential areas of application discussed.
895441 Salt production by solution mining - the Pimai project Salakshana, D; Lux, K H; Quast, P; Rokahr, R B Proc Ninth Southeast Asian Geotectmical Conference, Bangkok, 7-11 December 1987 VI, P3.45-3.56. Publ Bangkok: Southeast Asian Geotechnicai Society, 1987
895446 Updated review of Norwegian rock caverns storing liquids, oil products or gas under high pressure or low temperature Lien, R; Loset, F Norw Geotech lnst Publ N173, 1988. 6P
Investigation and planning for salt production using modern solution mining techniques are outlined. The geology of the area is described. Laboratory tests on core samples to determine mechanical properties were performed and results used in finite element analysis to design safe dimensions for the cavities produced during the solution mining process. The selected process for solution mining and the technical installations required are described.
37 rock storage caverns are described. The caverns are for 3 types of storage: liquids (oil products and water), gases under high pressure and food under low temperature. 20 of the caverns are in Precambrian gneiss or granite, 15 are in Cambro-Silurian metamorphic rocks, and 2 are in Permian syenite. A table provides data for each cavern on rock type, critical dimensions, type of storage, pressure, temperature, lining, injection and remarks on experience gained.
1989 Pergamon Press pie. Reproduction not permitted