Different tolerance of two cultivars of Triticum turgidum L. to metribuzin

Chemosphere, Vol.21, Nos.l-2, Printed in G r e a t B r i t a i n

pp

223-230,

1990

0045-6535/90 $3.00 Pergamon Press plc

DIFFERENT TOLERANCE OF TWO CULTIVARS OF TRITICUM TURGIDG4 L. TO METRIBUZIN

GARCIA-BAUDIN, Departamento

J.M., VILLARROYA, de

Protecci6n

M., CHUECA, M.C., TADEO, J.L.

Vegetal,

C.I.T.-I.N.I.A.,

Apto.

8.111,

28040 Madrid, Spain.

SUMMARY

The of two Tritieum with

the

effect

of metribuzin was studied

turgidum L. cultivars,

response

of

two

Triticum

in wheat

Oscar and Nita, aestivum

L.

seedlings

and compared

cultivars,

TAM

and Vona, with known tolerance to this herbicide.

Metribuzin

levels

were

determined

in

shoots

of

these

wheat cultivars by gas-liquid chromatography with alkali flame-ioni-zation were in

detection. lower

plants

than

Herbicide those

decreased

of

with

levels

in shoots

the

susceptible

time

with

of

tolerant

ones.

differences

cultivars

Metribuzin according

content to wheat

cultivar and herbicide dose.

INTRODUCTION

Metribuzin

~4-amino-6-(l,]-dimethylethy)-3-(methylthiol)-

-l,2,4-triazin-5(4H)one

~

used

to

in

This

herbicide

cereals ty

control

weeds is

also

is an

inhibitor

several of

of photosynthesis

dicotyledoneous

interest

to

control

(1,2,3,4).

brome

in

(5,6,7), although the occurrence of differences

among

cultivars

(6,8,9)

makes

tolerance to metribuzin.

223

necessary

to

widely

crops

winter

in sensitivi-

study

the

crop

+

.OO

224

In two

Triticum

to a

this

that

turgidum

obtained

different

in

levels

wheat

herbicide

cultivars T.

their

with

effect

Oscar

aestivum

sensitivity

and

cultivars

the

L.

two

herbicide

Metribuzin of

work,

and

reported

different

studied

Nita

cultivars

variation

was

TAM

by

with

tolerance

and

in

compared

and Vona with

other

authors

time

in

seedlings

this

herbicide

to

(6).

were also studied.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Herbicide treatment.

Seeds from two Triticum turgidum vat. durum L., cultivars, Oscar

and

long.

Nita

Five

grid

in

with

were

germinated

germinated

a

150

125 ml

ml

wheat

beaker

until

seeds

wraped

of Hewitt nutrient

coleoptiles

were in

disposed

black

solution

were on

cardboard

(i0)

2-3

a

plastic

and

which was

mm

filled

maintained

at the grid level.

Seedlings (14±l~C,

darkness)

were

with

grown

75

±

5%

in RH

growth and

16

chamber h/day

of

at

24±I~C

llO

Es-]m -2

illumination.

Vessels per by

treatment, a

Hewitt

containing

were

7-day-old

selected

solution

and

containing

plants,

nutrient O,

0.15,

metribuzin

during

24

h.

Seedlings

were

treatment,

maintained

in

the

growth

A

experiment,

same

5

solution 0.25,

sampled

replicates was

0.75 seven

conditions

as

replaced

and

1

days

ppm

after

indicated

before.

second

with

Nita and two T. aestivum L. cultivars with

five

replicates

above.

The

0

0.50

and

per

metribuzin ppm

for

treatment

using

concentrations TAM

and

Vona,

the

cultivars

Oscar

and

(TAM and Vona), was conducted the

used and

O,

in

techniques the

0.25,

described

experiment 0.50

and

were 1

ppm

for Oscar and Nita.

Seedlings were sampled at the end of herbicide treatment, (T=O)

or

six

days

after

(T=6),

maintained in conditions previously

described.

The simple

(Model

data were I),

Neuman Keuls test.

and

subjected differences

to in

analysis means

of variance rested were

estimated

by

225

Analytical procedure.

Samples, ml was

of

acetone

five

: water

filtered,

shoots,

(3:1)

vacuum

were

evaporated

extracted with

chloroform,

chromatography

clean-up

extracted

in a Sorvall

three

was

to

the

times,

twice

with

]6

homogenizer. The mixture aqueous

and

accomplished

phase

and

concentrated. through

then

A column

silica

gel

(5

g) and metribuzin was eluted with chloroform (60 ml). The chloroform was

evaporated,

injected

in

the

the

residue

chromatograph,

(2 m x 1/4)

and alkali

conditions

:

250~C,

210£

disolved equipped

hexane

with

a

and

3

flame-ionization detection,

injection and

in

port,

300£C

column

respectively;

and

%

an OV-17

column

in the following

detector

nitrogen

aliquot

temperature

carrier

gas

flow

40 ml/min and range of background current of detector lO-12amp.

RESULTS Table

turgidum The

I

cultivars

results

shows

the

treated

indicate

a

herbicide

with

effect

different

different

in

doses

herbicide

shoots of

of

T.

metribuzin.

response

of

Oscar

turgidum

cvs

Oscar

different

doses

and Nita cultivars.

Table

I.-Fresh and

weight Nita,

(g)

in seedlings

treated

with

of Z"

metribuzin

at

during 24 h, seven days after treatment.

CULTIVAR

Dose

NITA

OSCAR

ppm

0

4.52

a

4.37

ab

0.15

4.55

a

3.68

cd d

0.25

4.59

a

3.33

O. 50

4.15

abc

2.54

e e e

0.75

3.94

bc

2.29

1.00

3.70

cd

2.15

Mean square of error

Values by

the

are same

the

mean

letter

Neuman-Keuls test.

0.0879

of

five

are

not

replicates. different

at

Means the

followed 5%

level

226

Metribuzin cultivars,

TAM

and

levels Vona,

were

with

firstly

a known

study

in

response

two T. aestivum

to

the

TAM and Vona are tolerant and susceptible to metribuzin, ly

as

evidenced

Ratliff

(ii)

in

are

made

our

conditions,

Herbicide

six at

the

with six

al.

(6)

assays.

These

values

days

after

in

of

in

shoots

of

the

after T=6

of

the

(Table

(Table

a metribuzin

by

obtained II).

in

Analysis

the proposed procedure.

Vona

content

and

in tolerance

weight

tolerant

II).

respective-

trials

differences

treatment

susceptible

treatment

field

fresh

levels was carried out using

those

time

et

the

levels

than days

Runyan

laboratory

evident

of metribuzin

lower

by

herbicide.

cv

with

The

TAM

were

higher

tolerant

70%

of

that

always

differences cultivar

of

the

had

initial

time T=O, while it was about 88% in the susceptible cultivar.

Table

II.-

Fresh T.

weight

aestivum

and TAM

metribuzin

levels

and

treated

Vona,

in

seedlings

with

of

0.50

ppm

of metribuzin during 24 h.

Cultivar

Days after treatment

Fresh weight

Metribuzin level ~g/plant pg/gfw

(g) TAM

1 .i0

a

0.20

b

0.92

b

Vona

I. 08

a

0.26

a

1.19

a

TAM

6

Vona

Mean square of error

Values

are

followed

the

by

mean

the

1.92

c

0.14

c

0.36

d

1.59

b

0.23

ab

0.72

c

0.0135

of

same

five

0.0008

replicates.

letter

are

not

Means

0.0056

within

different

at

each the

column

5%

level

Neuman-Keuls test.

Metribuzin T.

turgidum

herbicide cultivars, Herbicide

levels

cultivars,

response

(Table

treated

at

content,

in

the

1

ppm

where

concentration

I and

expressed

higher

in

cv

they of

Nita.

and

several as

is lower than that of cv Nita at

shoots

Oscar

have

also

which

III).

Values

doses,

are

~g/plant,

in all cases,

similar

metribuzin, Herbicide

were

Nita,

values

expressed

levels

studied

have

a

obtained shown

in

in

with

in

these

Table

shoots

two

different

of cv

IV. Oscar

but in the one treated at

T=O.

Neverthless,

in pg/gfw,

decreased

with

is time

always at

a

227

similar

rate

or

ppm.

0.50

fference

in

treatment,

in

both

However, the

with

III.-

when

a

were

rate

metribuzin

weight

Oscar

and

content

doses

during

(g)

Nita,

in

treatment

treated

was

72% in cv N i t a

Fresh

Days after treatment

following

they

degradation

in cv Oscar and a r o u n d

Table

cultivars,

about (Table

46%

with

1

ppm,

a

days

after

initial

value

six of

of

T.

at

IV.-

Cultivar NITA

0

2.30

d

1.79

0.25

2.15

d

i .74

0.50

2.24

d

1.79

1.0

2.10

d

1.62

0

4.42

a

3.97

a

0.25

4.35

a

2.81

b

O. 50

3.88

b

2.54

c

1.0

2.92

c

2.08

d

of error

0.0268

Metribuzin Oscar

cvs

different

2a h. *

OSCAR

Table

di-

turgidum

metribuzin

Dose ppm

M e a n square

0.25

IV).

seedlings

treated

with

observed

with

levels

and

Nita,

in

0.0122

seedlings

treated

with

of

T.

turgidum

different

doses

cvs

during

24 h. * Metribuzin Dose

Cultivar

T:O

OSCAR 0.25

NITA

OSCAR O. 50

NITA

OSCAR 1.00

NITA

M e a n square

of error

Values

are

column

followed

the

level

~g/plant

5% level N e u m a n - K e u l s

T=6

T=O

T=6

0.23

e

0.17

c

0.53

d

0.20

d

0.30

d

0.24

b

0.86

c

0.44

c

O. 40

c

O. 29

b

O. 91

c

0.38

c

0.51

b

0.40

a

1.44

b

0.78

b

0.54

ab

0.25

b

1.31

b

0.45

c

0.60

a

0.43

a

1.85

a

0.96

a

0.0021

mean by

pg/gfw

of

the

five same

test.

0.0011

0.0147

replicates. letter

are

Means not

0.0038

within

different

each at

the

228

DISCUSSION

The

results

performed

by

that

fresh

the

other

of

our

authors

weight

bioassay

with

TAM

measurement,

parallel

and

Vona

carried

field observation cvs

out

(6),

in

and

the

show

previously

described conditions, is a valid indication of the different tolerance to metribuzin of the T. turgidum cvs, Oscar and Nita.

Analysis of metribuzin in shoots of the studied cultivars has

shown

than

the

and

that

tolerant

susceptible

translocation

cultivars

ones.

have

Several

evidenced

have

lower

studies the

levels

of

herbicide

on metribuzin absorption

rapid

herbicide

translocation

to the aerial parts of the plant in different species. In experiments with

barley

80

%

of

48

h

after

results

and

wheat

absorbed

on

cultivars,

metribuzin

treatment

was

(9,12).

metribuzin

it

has

been

transported

According

levels

in

shoots

shown to

with of

than

leaves

these

TAM

70

24

h

studies,

and

Vona

cvs,

to or our 24

h after treatment, could indicate a differential herbicide absorption, lower in the tolerant than in the susceptible cultivars. Nevertheless, in

a

previous

study

carried

out

by

other

authors

with

TAM

and

Vona cvs, the difference in selectivity was explained by a differential

metabolism

content a

per

of

the

plant

herbicide

decreased

detoxification

of

the

(]i).

with

In

time

herbicide

our

study,

after (Table

the

metribuzin

treatment,

evidencing

II).

The

degradation

rate was higher in the tolerant cv TAM than in Vona cv (susceptible), which

is

in

agreement

with

the

studies

indicanting

a

difference

in the metabolic degradation of metribuzin by TAM and Vona evs.

Oscar a

herbicide

in

cv Nita

with

time

0.25

ppm

than at

and

those

with

Nita

cvs, in

in cv Oscar.

a

similar

0.50

metabolism was in

and

concentration

ppm.

treated

shoots,

at

several

expressed

doses,

showed

in ~g/gfw,

higher

Moreover metribuzin

rate These

in

both

results

content

cultivars pointed

when

out

decreased

treated

that

at

metribuzin

not implicated in the differential tolerance observed

conditions. Nevertheless, when these cultivars were treated

1 ppm herbicide

a

difference

in metribuzin degradation between

them was observed.

The that a

the

results

different

differential

at

high

in

accordance

who

reported

obtained

tolerance

absorption

doses,

by with a

a

and

different

the results

difference

in

with

these

to

metribuzin

in

some

cases,

metabolism obtained by absorption

cultivars

can

too.

mainly These

others and

be

suggest

explained when

treated

findings

authors

metabolism

by

are

(12,13), between

229

winter a

wheat

and

behaviour

brome.

similar

In

to

preliminary experiment

our

Bromus

case,

the

diandrus

cultivar

Roth,

as

Nita

showed

evidenced

in

a

(14).

ACKNOLEDGEMENT

The

authors

acknowledge

Comisi6n Interministerial

the

receipt

de Ciencia y Tecnologfa

of

a

grant

from

(C.I.C.Y.T.).

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the

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