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Digital heart rate meter
the duties of the officer of the watch and helmsman. The authors point o u t that the fatigue of watch duties can be reduced by occasional sitting, without significantly endangering the ship's safety. They report the views expressed by crews on the use of swinging seats. The usefulness of the swinging scat on ships is discussed with particular reference to the rolling of the ship. 3.3.302(58445) Zavalova, Nr. and Ponomarenko, V. The influence of stress on the occupation of operators (In Russian)
Techniceskaja Estetika, 1969, No 7, 5-7; abstr, in ICSID Design Bibliography ' The authors draw attention to the possibilities of change in the occupational characteristics of operators under the influence of unfavourable (physical and psychological) environmental factors. Based on examples, situations of stress on performance and on the procedure of receiving and processing information by the operator, the authors draw conclusions upon the existence of factors strenghtening those unfavourable influences. According to the authors, one of the most important factors is the imperfection o f of the information model.
3.3.303 (59701) Emons, E. and Conolly, M.E. Digital heart rate meter. Cardiovascular Research, Jan. 1971, 5[1, 157; abstr, in Bio-Medical
Engineering. Describes a method of monitoring heart rate with a device which records the number of beats in a fixed time. The m e t h o d has the advantage that the n u m b e r of beats in a fixed time is accurately measured and is available for statistical analysis. The count rate can be displayed on either a chart recorder or a numerical display together with a tape punch which will print out the total count for each period set by the timer. 3.3.304 (59427) Anon. Manual lifting. Jul.-Aug. 1970, 31/4, 511-516; abstr. in Occupational Safety and Health
A bstra cts.
recommended control m e a s u r e s - incorrect lifting methods, older workers, stressing environments, awkward working positions, unhealthy or pregnant workers). 3.3.305 (59428) Datta, S.R. and Ramanathan, N.L. Ergonomic comparison of seven modes of carrying loads on the horizontal plane. Ergonomics, Mar. 1971, 14/2, 269278. A comparative study of seven modes of carrying an identical load on the level ground was conducted on seven normal, healthy volunteers. The modes were: ttead, Rucksack, Double Pack, Rice Bag, Sherpa, Yoke and liands. The volunteers marched with 30 kg at the rate of 5 km/hr and the minute ventilation, oxygen consumption and pulse rate were recorded during the steady state of work and a 5 min recovery period after the work. Analysis of variance on the data established a significant (p < 0.01) difference in the values of the physiological parameters of energy cost, cardiac rate and pulmonary ventilation due to a change in the mode of carrying. The Double Pack mode was ergonomieally best, followed closely by the Head mode. Carrying by Hands was worst.
This guide, the first in a new scries, deals with ergonomic data (weight and frequency of lift, application of the data) and characteristic injuries (back injuries, abdominal hernia, foot injuries, aggravation of circulatory and respiratory disorders), and briefly discusses industrial hygiene practice (evaluation of exposure, hazards and
After describing work on the laying of underground pipes, cables and longdistance heating systems, the author presents sociological and medical data on about 400 underground construction workers. It was found that a heavy load is placed on the skeleton and l o c o m o t o r system, especially the upper extremities, during typical underground construction work. This type o f work carried on for many years may favour and even directly cause chronic disorders and degeneration of the skeleton and locomotor system. Tile a u t h o r states that minor tasks should be mechanised, that special arrangements should be reached regarding hours of work and workbreaks, and that medical supervision of workers should be instituted.
Visual displays 3.3.308(58469) Zetzmann, H.J. Workload and performance limiting factors of air traffic control radar operators
Abstr. in Scientific and'Technical Aerospace Reports (Report No. N7116914} Nov. 1970
3.3.306 (59436)
Garretto J.W. The adult human hand: some anthropometrie and biomechanical considerations. Human Factors, Apr. 1971, 13/2, 117131. Recent studies of the a n t h r o p o m e t r y and selected biomechanical characteristics of hands are summarized. These include: (1) conventional anthropometry of male and female hands (2) the a n t h r o p o m e t r y of the relaxed hand, (3) comparison of certain engineering anthropometric and performance parameters, between bare and pressure-gloved hands, and (4) the ability to retain grips on selected handles under high dynamic loads. The utility of these data for human factors engineering is discussed.
3.3.307 (59440)
Brw
Berichte, 1970, 2, 55 pp.; abstr, in Occupational Safety and tlealth Abstraets.
A.
Ergonomic studies of tile problems of occupationally-induced degeration o f the skeleton and locomotor system in underground construction work. (Ergonomische Untersuchungen zur l'roblematik Berufsbedingter Verschleissch~den am Skelett und Bewegungssystem bei Tief bauarbeitern). (In German.) Ergonomische
In the servo loops of the manmachine system of air traffic control man continues to play a decisive role in ensuring safe and expeditious running of traffic. An important source of information in this system is the radar equipment whose display gives the controller an important basis for evaluating the air situation. These displays are discussed from the aspect of human engineering. Where traffic is dense, particularly high demands are placed in correctness and rapidity of controller decisions to ensure a safe dispatch of traffic. The physiological environment of ATC activities and how readily human beings may be subject to stress are reported. The definitions of tile terms workload and stress are discussed; it is shown that, and why, all efforts towards an exact assessment o f controller capability under peak loads have failed to lead to fully satisfactory results so far.
3.3.309(58474) Watkins, R.D. The presentation of printed information to aircraft pilots
Abstr. in Scientific and Technical
Applied Ergonomics September 1972
175
Techniceskaja Estetika, 1969, No 7, 5-7; abstr, in ICSID Design Bibliography ' The authors draw attention to the possibilities of change in the occupational characteristics of operators under the influence of unfavourable (physical and psychological) environmental factors. Based on examples, situations of stress on performance and on the procedure of receiving and processing information by the operator, the authors draw conclusions upon the existence of factors strenghtening those unfavourable influences. According to the authors, one of the most important factors is the imperfection o f of the information model.
3.3.303 (59701) Emons, E. and Conolly, M.E. Digital heart rate meter. Cardiovascular Research, Jan. 1971, 5[1, 157; abstr, in Bio-Medical
Engineering. Describes a method of monitoring heart rate with a device which records the number of beats in a fixed time. The m e t h o d has the advantage that the n u m b e r of beats in a fixed time is accurately measured and is available for statistical analysis. The count rate can be displayed on either a chart recorder or a numerical display together with a tape punch which will print out the total count for each period set by the timer. 3.3.304 (59427) Anon. Manual lifting. Jul.-Aug. 1970, 31/4, 511-516; abstr. in Occupational Safety and Health
A bstra cts.
recommended control m e a s u r e s - incorrect lifting methods, older workers, stressing environments, awkward working positions, unhealthy or pregnant workers). 3.3.305 (59428) Datta, S.R. and Ramanathan, N.L. Ergonomic comparison of seven modes of carrying loads on the horizontal plane. Ergonomics, Mar. 1971, 14/2, 269278. A comparative study of seven modes of carrying an identical load on the level ground was conducted on seven normal, healthy volunteers. The modes were: ttead, Rucksack, Double Pack, Rice Bag, Sherpa, Yoke and liands. The volunteers marched with 30 kg at the rate of 5 km/hr and the minute ventilation, oxygen consumption and pulse rate were recorded during the steady state of work and a 5 min recovery period after the work. Analysis of variance on the data established a significant (p < 0.01) difference in the values of the physiological parameters of energy cost, cardiac rate and pulmonary ventilation due to a change in the mode of carrying. The Double Pack mode was ergonomieally best, followed closely by the Head mode. Carrying by Hands was worst.
This guide, the first in a new scries, deals with ergonomic data (weight and frequency of lift, application of the data) and characteristic injuries (back injuries, abdominal hernia, foot injuries, aggravation of circulatory and respiratory disorders), and briefly discusses industrial hygiene practice (evaluation of exposure, hazards and
After describing work on the laying of underground pipes, cables and longdistance heating systems, the author presents sociological and medical data on about 400 underground construction workers. It was found that a heavy load is placed on the skeleton and l o c o m o t o r system, especially the upper extremities, during typical underground construction work. This type o f work carried on for many years may favour and even directly cause chronic disorders and degeneration of the skeleton and locomotor system. Tile a u t h o r states that minor tasks should be mechanised, that special arrangements should be reached regarding hours of work and workbreaks, and that medical supervision of workers should be instituted.
Visual displays 3.3.308(58469) Zetzmann, H.J. Workload and performance limiting factors of air traffic control radar operators
Abstr. in Scientific and'Technical Aerospace Reports (Report No. N7116914} Nov. 1970
3.3.306 (59436)
Garretto J.W. The adult human hand: some anthropometrie and biomechanical considerations. Human Factors, Apr. 1971, 13/2, 117131. Recent studies of the a n t h r o p o m e t r y and selected biomechanical characteristics of hands are summarized. These include: (1) conventional anthropometry of male and female hands (2) the a n t h r o p o m e t r y of the relaxed hand, (3) comparison of certain engineering anthropometric and performance parameters, between bare and pressure-gloved hands, and (4) the ability to retain grips on selected handles under high dynamic loads. The utility of these data for human factors engineering is discussed.
3.3.307 (59440)
Brw
Berichte, 1970, 2, 55 pp.; abstr, in Occupational Safety and tlealth Abstraets.
A.
Ergonomic studies of tile problems of occupationally-induced degeration o f the skeleton and locomotor system in underground construction work. (Ergonomische Untersuchungen zur l'roblematik Berufsbedingter Verschleissch~den am Skelett und Bewegungssystem bei Tief bauarbeitern). (In German.) Ergonomische
In the servo loops of the manmachine system of air traffic control man continues to play a decisive role in ensuring safe and expeditious running of traffic. An important source of information in this system is the radar equipment whose display gives the controller an important basis for evaluating the air situation. These displays are discussed from the aspect of human engineering. Where traffic is dense, particularly high demands are placed in correctness and rapidity of controller decisions to ensure a safe dispatch of traffic. The physiological environment of ATC activities and how readily human beings may be subject to stress are reported. The definitions of tile terms workload and stress are discussed; it is shown that, and why, all efforts towards an exact assessment o f controller capability under peak loads have failed to lead to fully satisfactory results so far.
3.3.309(58474) Watkins, R.D. The presentation of printed information to aircraft pilots
Abstr. in Scientific and Technical
Applied Ergonomics September 1972
175