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Diphenyl ether herbicides
696
Information Section--Fd Chem. Toxic. Vol. 33, No. 8
what role other pollutants, temperature and humidity played in causing recorded changes in morbidity and mortality. Despite these difficulties, reductions in levels in fine particles should be welcomed. In October 1992 the Committee discussed the monitoring of exposure of populations at risk of adverse health effects. Current arrangements for monitoring and assessment of exposure to air pollution in the UK were considered inadequate in terms of accurate prediction of health effects, and there was a need for results of local authority and DoE monitoring to be brought together. A similar recommendation by the Quality of Urban Air Review Group (Urban Air Quality in the United Kingdom: executive summary and principal recommendations. First report of the Quality of Urban Air Review Group, Department of the Environment. December 1992) was endorsed at a later meeting. Another topic on which the Committee advised was the measurement of lung function. No single method could be recommended in all circumstances, although peak flow and FEV~ were regarded as most suitable for a range of studies. Advice was also given on the health effects of benzene, ozone and carbon monoxide, which were the subject of reports subsequently issued by the Expert
Panel on Air Quality Standards (Benzene. DoE Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards. HMSO, London, 1994; Ozone. DoE Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards. HMSO, London, 1994; Carbon monoxide. DoE Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards. HMSO, London, 1994). The report is published with that of the Advisory Group on the Medical Aspects of Air Pollution Episodes, which summarizes the Group's conclusions on ozone, sulfur dioxide, acid aerosols and particulates, and oxides of nitrogen (Ozone. Doll Advisory Group on the Medical Aspects of Air Pollution Episodes, First Report. HMSO, London, 1991; Sulphur dioxide, acid aerosols and particulates. Doll Advisory Group on the Medical Aspects of Air Pollution Episodes, Second Report. HMSO, London, 1992; Oxides of nitrogen. Doll Advisory Group on the Medical Aspects of Air Pollution Episodes, Third Report. HMSO, London, 1993). A fourth report, on interactive combinations of pollutants, is expected this spring. [Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants: Report May 1992-December 1993 and Advisory Group on the Medical Aspects of Air Pollution Episodes Activities Report 1990-1993. HMSO, London, 1994, pp. v + 25. £8.95.]
ABSTRACTS FROM THE LITERATURE
d-Limonene
Diphenyl ether herbicides
d-Limonene induced hyaline droplet nephropathy in a transgenic mouse engineered to express ~%-globulin. Mice, which normally do not synthesize ~t2~-globulin, are resistant to hyaline droplet nephropathy. The engineered mouse excreted about 30% of the ~t2,globulin excreted by normal adult male rats. "These results indicate that expression of ~2,-globulin in a species that does not normally develop hyaline droplet nephropathy is necessary and sufficient to render that species sensitive to this renal toxicity" (Lehman-McKeeman and Caudill, Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 1994, 23, 562).
Chlornitrofen (4-nitrophenyl 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl ether) and chlomethoxynil (2,4-dichlorophenyl 3methoxy-4-nitrophenyl ether) were mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium bacteria strains YG1026 and YG1021 both in the presence and absence of rat liver metabolic activation system (S-9). Bifenox (2,4-dichlorophenyl 3-methoxycarbonyl-4-nitrophenyl ether) was mutagenic to YG1026 in the presence of S-9. YG1026 and YGI021 are two new strains of Salmonella known to be especially sensitive to nitro compounds (Oguri et al., Mutation Research 1995, 346, 57).
Food allergies? US investigators have described 11 children (aged 4 33 months) whose failure to thrive (height to weight ratio below the fifth percentile) was associated with their parents' beliefs that they were allergic to multiple foods. The resultant, and largely unnecessary, dietary restriction imposed on them was the main inhibition to growth. Skin prick tests conducted for foods suspected of causing allergic reactions were negative for seven of the 11 children. Only two patients reacted during double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges-one to milk (out of 14 "suspected" foods) and the other to eggs and milk (out of 15 "suspected" foods) (Roesler et al., Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 1994, 148, 1150).
Aminc-functionai methoxysilane Allergic contact dermatitis to amine-functional methoxysilane [(vinylbenzylaminoethyl)-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane] developed in workers at an Italian glass-filament factory. 17 of 71 workers developed itching and reddening on parts of the body directly in contact with material within an average of 4.5 months of its introduction into the manufacturing process. Eight of 14 patients patch tested (generally involving 24/48-hr covered contact) gave positive reactions to amino-functional methoxysilane (0.4% aqueous solution). The investigators concluded that the "findings suggest that it is ... a potent sensitizer" (Toffoletto et al., Contact Dermatitis 1994, 31, 320).
Information Section--Fd Chem. Toxic. Vol. 33, No. 8
what role other pollutants, temperature and humidity played in causing recorded changes in morbidity and mortality. Despite these difficulties, reductions in levels in fine particles should be welcomed. In October 1992 the Committee discussed the monitoring of exposure of populations at risk of adverse health effects. Current arrangements for monitoring and assessment of exposure to air pollution in the UK were considered inadequate in terms of accurate prediction of health effects, and there was a need for results of local authority and DoE monitoring to be brought together. A similar recommendation by the Quality of Urban Air Review Group (Urban Air Quality in the United Kingdom: executive summary and principal recommendations. First report of the Quality of Urban Air Review Group, Department of the Environment. December 1992) was endorsed at a later meeting. Another topic on which the Committee advised was the measurement of lung function. No single method could be recommended in all circumstances, although peak flow and FEV~ were regarded as most suitable for a range of studies. Advice was also given on the health effects of benzene, ozone and carbon monoxide, which were the subject of reports subsequently issued by the Expert
Panel on Air Quality Standards (Benzene. DoE Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards. HMSO, London, 1994; Ozone. DoE Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards. HMSO, London, 1994; Carbon monoxide. DoE Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards. HMSO, London, 1994). The report is published with that of the Advisory Group on the Medical Aspects of Air Pollution Episodes, which summarizes the Group's conclusions on ozone, sulfur dioxide, acid aerosols and particulates, and oxides of nitrogen (Ozone. Doll Advisory Group on the Medical Aspects of Air Pollution Episodes, First Report. HMSO, London, 1991; Sulphur dioxide, acid aerosols and particulates. Doll Advisory Group on the Medical Aspects of Air Pollution Episodes, Second Report. HMSO, London, 1992; Oxides of nitrogen. Doll Advisory Group on the Medical Aspects of Air Pollution Episodes, Third Report. HMSO, London, 1993). A fourth report, on interactive combinations of pollutants, is expected this spring. [Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants: Report May 1992-December 1993 and Advisory Group on the Medical Aspects of Air Pollution Episodes Activities Report 1990-1993. HMSO, London, 1994, pp. v + 25. £8.95.]
ABSTRACTS FROM THE LITERATURE
d-Limonene
Diphenyl ether herbicides
d-Limonene induced hyaline droplet nephropathy in a transgenic mouse engineered to express ~%-globulin. Mice, which normally do not synthesize ~t2~-globulin, are resistant to hyaline droplet nephropathy. The engineered mouse excreted about 30% of the ~t2,globulin excreted by normal adult male rats. "These results indicate that expression of ~2,-globulin in a species that does not normally develop hyaline droplet nephropathy is necessary and sufficient to render that species sensitive to this renal toxicity" (Lehman-McKeeman and Caudill, Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 1994, 23, 562).
Chlornitrofen (4-nitrophenyl 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl ether) and chlomethoxynil (2,4-dichlorophenyl 3methoxy-4-nitrophenyl ether) were mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium bacteria strains YG1026 and YG1021 both in the presence and absence of rat liver metabolic activation system (S-9). Bifenox (2,4-dichlorophenyl 3-methoxycarbonyl-4-nitrophenyl ether) was mutagenic to YG1026 in the presence of S-9. YG1026 and YGI021 are two new strains of Salmonella known to be especially sensitive to nitro compounds (Oguri et al., Mutation Research 1995, 346, 57).
Food allergies? US investigators have described 11 children (aged 4 33 months) whose failure to thrive (height to weight ratio below the fifth percentile) was associated with their parents' beliefs that they were allergic to multiple foods. The resultant, and largely unnecessary, dietary restriction imposed on them was the main inhibition to growth. Skin prick tests conducted for foods suspected of causing allergic reactions were negative for seven of the 11 children. Only two patients reacted during double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges-one to milk (out of 14 "suspected" foods) and the other to eggs and milk (out of 15 "suspected" foods) (Roesler et al., Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 1994, 148, 1150).
Aminc-functionai methoxysilane Allergic contact dermatitis to amine-functional methoxysilane [(vinylbenzylaminoethyl)-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane] developed in workers at an Italian glass-filament factory. 17 of 71 workers developed itching and reddening on parts of the body directly in contact with material within an average of 4.5 months of its introduction into the manufacturing process. Eight of 14 patients patch tested (generally involving 24/48-hr covered contact) gave positive reactions to amino-functional methoxysilane (0.4% aqueous solution). The investigators concluded that the "findings suggest that it is ... a potent sensitizer" (Toffoletto et al., Contact Dermatitis 1994, 31, 320).