- Email: [email protected]
Diseases spectral distribution for the women aboard Chinese naval ships
Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l’Environnement 2013;74:535-576 techniques: one is unassisted Ama, known as Cachido: these ama dive without any assists. The other is known as Funado, who use weights for descents and either pulled up by assistants. A survey was conducted in southern district of Chiba, Japan to investigate the diving pattern in professional breath-hold Ama divers. Methods.– Two professional divers volunteered as subjects. One subject is male partly assisted (funado) diver and another subject is female unassisted (cachido) diver. We developed the data log system to measure depth, speed, information on a position, acceleration during their daily diving work. The subjects use fins and did not wear neoprene wet suits. Results.– We collected the data 116 times of the bottom time, depth, and intervals. There is less number of diving times in funado. And funado has large average bottom time, average interval, and average depth of diving. Moreover we can plot the behavior range using GPS. And different characteristic was seen in cachido and funado who is performing the different fishery method. Conclusion.– Comparing with a previous work, these characteristics changes with the body characteristics, experiences, and regional difference. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.090 50
Divers’ neurobehavioral performance under 4.7 MPa: A real-time monitoring Z.Q. Huang Center for Psychological Research and Service, Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai, China E-mail address: [email protected] Keywords: Saturation diving, Neurobehavioral function Purpose.– To investigate the neurobehavioral function of divers breathing heliox under 4.9 MPa. Methods.– We established a method to real-time monitor the performance of those volunteers in a compression chamber. We selected 4 tests from a computerized psychological testing battery to measure 4 divers’ sense, memory, intelligence and psychomotor, respectively. Results.– Digit Span had a diminishing tendency as the pressure went higher. Target Tracking score changed significantly although the sample size was small. However, visual retention and mental arithmetic showed substantial learning effects, which makes them unsuitable to be administered over repeatedly in this kind of situations. Conclusions. Attention and psychomotor are more sensitive to hyperbaric environment than memory and intelligence. Eye-hand coordination is the best indicator. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.091
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.092 52
Optimization of conventional diving decompression scheme in complex conditions S. Wang*, S. Wu, L.V. Chuanlu Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China E-mail address: [email protected] Keywords: Complex conditions, Diving decompression scheme, Optimization Diving decompression tables were the foundation for divers rising and decompression after completing underwater task, which were always calculated and designed according to well-trained divers, and medium labor intensity and usual hydrologic condition were adopted as criterions. Therefore, these decompression tables would not be suited to the complex conditions encountered in practical diving task, and then induced an increased risk of decompression sickness. So it was necessary to optimize the diving decompression scheme according to the real complex conditions. In order to establish the optimal selection method, five factors associated with decompression safety were calculated and analyzed: labor intensity, water velocity, water temperature, bottom material and individual susceptibility. A modified formula was presented in which the duration of underwater task was considered. An on-the-spot study involved 1469 people was also made in the construction of bridge pier to testify the formula, and it was proved safe and reliable. Taking versatile factors into account, a modification to decompression scheme on the basis of underwater duration would be conductive to both the decompression efficiency and the life safety of divers. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.093
51
Relationships between breath-hold time and lung functions: The effect of breath-hold training for three months a,
b
c
d
K. Tsutaki *, N. Shibata , K. Chiashi , K. Fujimoto a Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate school of Marine Science and Technology, Japan b Information Services International-Dentsu, Tokyo, Japan c Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan d Japan Women’s University, Nagoya, Japan E-mail address: [email protected] Keywords: Breath-holding, Pulmonary function In the present study, to confirm the relationships between breathhold time and lung functions, 30 healthy adults males and females were recruited (experiment 1). In addition, 10 of participants in
550
experiment 1 participated to investigate whether the relationships between breath-hold time and lung functions were affected by breath-hold training (experiment 2). Participants of experiment 2 were asked to perform 3 successive maximum breath-holds 1 time per day for 3 months. Measurements of the experiment 2 were performed for every month. In all measurements, lung functions were determined by handy spirometer (SK330; Suzuken). The experiment 1 showed that there was no significant relationship between breath-hold time and lung functions. In the experiment 2, significant relationships were found between breath hold time and vital capacity at 1 month (r = .69, P < .05) and at 3 months (r = .65, P < .05) after the start of training. Breath-hold time was significantly increased during 3 months training (one-way analysis of variance, P < .001). However, vital capacity was not significantly increased. These results suggested that vital capacity was important factor in determining the breathhold time among those who can hold the breath much longer.
53
Diseases spectral distribution for the women aboard Chinese naval ships J. Ba*, Y. Tao, B. Chen Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai, China E-mail address: [email protected] Keywords: Woman at sea, Disease spectral distribution, Gynecology Objective.– To understand the spectral distribution and characteristic of the diseases often seen in the women who served in Chinese Naval Ships. Method.– Retrospect analysis was used and clinic records in the sickbay of the ships were statistically analyzed. The routine physical examinations and the questionnaire for health of the female sailors were surveyed.
Recueil des re´sume´s Results.– From the disease spectral distribution pattern, the most common disease seen in the women aboard Chinese Naval Ships are menstrual disorder, functional bleeding of the endometria and gynecological infection. There is no pregnant case reported in ships up to now. More attention should be paid to the psychology and oral health of the female sailors while serving in naval ships. From the survey, it is indicated that the morbidity of infection diseases (except for that of the urinary and reproduction systems) in female is a little bit lower than that in male aboard naval ships (0.89:1), and that the morbidity of trauma, osteoarthropathia and sea sickness is a little bit higher than that in male aboard naval ships (1.1:1). There is no difference in the disease spectral distribution and morbidity except for gynecological diseases between the female and male. Conclusion.– The morbidity of the gynecological diseases in female is very related to the marine and ship environment with the characteristic of the disease spectral distribution. Therefore, the emphasis should be laid on in the medical support for women who served in naval ships: training the women for the adaptability to the marine environment, perfecting the physical examination system, adding some medication and special medical equipments for examination and treatment in gynecology on naval ships, setting up the scenarios to deal with the acute abdomen in gynecology on the spot, and providing the prenatal care for the pregnant women at sea. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.094
54
Researching the reality of working conditions, diving accidents and proposed first aid measures and prevention of diving accidents for diving fishermen in the Co To and Bach Long Vy Vietnam fishery N. Truong Son*, T. Thi Quynh Chi, P. Van Non Vietnam National Institute of Maritime Medicine, Haiphong, Vietnam E-mail address: [email protected] Ojective.– The authors researched the reality of working conditions and diving accidents, and proposed some first aid and preventive measures of diving accidents for diving fishermen in the fishing grounds of Co To and Bach Long Vy of Haiphong city and Quangning province in Vietnam. Results.– About the reality of working conditions and diving accidents of the fishermen. There remained a low percentage of fishermen in Co To and Bach Long Vy with safe diving of less than twice a day; a majority of 78% were diving three or four times a day and the break between their two consecutive turns was less than six hours while the break after a diving day was less than twelve hours. Their diving equipments was very simple and insecure (67–100%). The general diving accident rate was 58%; 62.6% of which suffered sinus and enterogastritis injuries, 25.3% of which were decompression sickness of type I and type II, the rest of which included anoxia (due to compressor or damage of breather’s cords) and other diseases (drowning, severely cold catching, injury). The decompression accident rate increased proportionally to diving depths, for example, the accident rate of those with less than twenty-meter diving was 4.54 times higher than those with deeper than twenty-meter diving. The diving accident rate increased when daily diving turns increased with a close directly proportional correlation (r = 0.97); The diving fishermen who omitted decompression procedures suffered from significantly higher decompression accident rate than those who followed decompression (P < 0.01). The rate of commonly seen sequelae and chronic diseases due to diving accidents which badly affected the fishermen’s health and lives included 41.4% with ear injury (bad hearing, scarred and thickened ear-drum, perforated ear-drum), 21.8% of osteoscope, 4% of paralysis and 2.3% of urine disorder. The reality and the proposal of some measures of giving first aid to and preventing diving accidents
for fishermen on Bach Long Vy and Co To islands. Most fishermen were not trained with diving safety (only 1.8% was trained), the fishermen did not know about the diving tables and they had no knowledge of first aid methods or diving accident treatment (23.3– 28.4%). The ships were not equipped with necessary medicines and first aid equipment (55%) or were insufficiently equipped (41.7%). There remained shortages of ambulance services, doctors and specialized medical devices to serve the task of giving first aid to and treating diving accidents for fishermen. Conclusion.– The prevalence of diving accidents of fishermen is very high 25.3% of which were decompression sickness of type I and type II. Causes of accidents are mostly from very poor training, equipping and working conditions of divers. There is a need for organisation of safety training for sea diving and managing divers closely and to establish an emergency network for controlling diving accidents in the coastal provinces. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.095 55
The effective evaluation of HBO in the treatment of insomnia at Institute of Medicine Maritime Vietnam (Vinimam) N. Van Thanh*, N. Truong Son Vietnam National Institute of Maritime Medicine, Haiphong, Vietnam E-mail address: [email protected] Objectives.– Evaluation of the effectiveness of HBO in the treatment of insomnia in outpatients treated at Center for Underwater and Hyperbaric Oxygene Medicine. Through the review of results, we would like to give some recommendations for the treatment and prevention of insomnia. Results.– The average age of patients was 54.96 11.126; 29.4% were age > 60 and the most insomnia (43.1%) was found in elderly and retired people. The sex-ratio male/female = 2 (66.7%/33.3%)–male more than female. There were only 9.8% insomnia patients who were shift workers. The most frequent coincidental disease was hypertension (19.6%). 70.6% of patients did not habitually exercise. 33.3% of patients had a history of chronic insomnia with an average is 3.71 3.496 years. Insomnia with an unknown cause was higher rate 62.7%. The most common disorder of the EEG was hypoactivity of electroencephalon (29.4%). Chronic insomnia was the most frequent with 76.5%. Transient insomnia is 23.5%. 68.6% of patients were treated with a combination of HBO and anxiolytics against 31.4% in the monotherapy group by HBO. The group used HBOT with pressure dose 2.2 ATA outnumbered 2.5 ATA group (66.7% vs. 33.3%); the average course of treatment was 9.96 4.695 days. The average sleeping hours of patients after treatment with HBO were significantly higher than compared with pretreatment (4.10 0.22 vs 2.20 0.13, P < 0.001). 70.60% had good results and 13.7% bad results and 15.7% patients discontinued treatment. Hundred percent of patients who were already treated with amitriptyline had no improvement of sleep. Conclusion.– HBOT was effective in 70.6% of patients but showed no benefit for patients who have been treated with amitriptyline. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.096 56
Violations of cardiovascular system function at the workers of marine transport A.M. Ignatyev*, N.A. Matsegora, K.A. Yarmula Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine E-mail address: [email protected] Background.– Research of specific changes taking place in a human body at the influence of adverse factors of the working environment is
551
Divers’ neurobehavioral performance under 4.7 MPa: A real-time monitoring Z.Q. Huang Center for Psychological Research and Service, Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai, China E-mail address: [email protected] Keywords: Saturation diving, Neurobehavioral function Purpose.– To investigate the neurobehavioral function of divers breathing heliox under 4.9 MPa. Methods.– We established a method to real-time monitor the performance of those volunteers in a compression chamber. We selected 4 tests from a computerized psychological testing battery to measure 4 divers’ sense, memory, intelligence and psychomotor, respectively. Results.– Digit Span had a diminishing tendency as the pressure went higher. Target Tracking score changed significantly although the sample size was small. However, visual retention and mental arithmetic showed substantial learning effects, which makes them unsuitable to be administered over repeatedly in this kind of situations. Conclusions. Attention and psychomotor are more sensitive to hyperbaric environment than memory and intelligence. Eye-hand coordination is the best indicator. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.091
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.092 52
Optimization of conventional diving decompression scheme in complex conditions S. Wang*, S. Wu, L.V. Chuanlu Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China E-mail address: [email protected] Keywords: Complex conditions, Diving decompression scheme, Optimization Diving decompression tables were the foundation for divers rising and decompression after completing underwater task, which were always calculated and designed according to well-trained divers, and medium labor intensity and usual hydrologic condition were adopted as criterions. Therefore, these decompression tables would not be suited to the complex conditions encountered in practical diving task, and then induced an increased risk of decompression sickness. So it was necessary to optimize the diving decompression scheme according to the real complex conditions. In order to establish the optimal selection method, five factors associated with decompression safety were calculated and analyzed: labor intensity, water velocity, water temperature, bottom material and individual susceptibility. A modified formula was presented in which the duration of underwater task was considered. An on-the-spot study involved 1469 people was also made in the construction of bridge pier to testify the formula, and it was proved safe and reliable. Taking versatile factors into account, a modification to decompression scheme on the basis of underwater duration would be conductive to both the decompression efficiency and the life safety of divers. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.093
51
Relationships between breath-hold time and lung functions: The effect of breath-hold training for three months a,
b
c
d
K. Tsutaki *, N. Shibata , K. Chiashi , K. Fujimoto a Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate school of Marine Science and Technology, Japan b Information Services International-Dentsu, Tokyo, Japan c Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan d Japan Women’s University, Nagoya, Japan E-mail address: [email protected] Keywords: Breath-holding, Pulmonary function In the present study, to confirm the relationships between breathhold time and lung functions, 30 healthy adults males and females were recruited (experiment 1). In addition, 10 of participants in
550
experiment 1 participated to investigate whether the relationships between breath-hold time and lung functions were affected by breath-hold training (experiment 2). Participants of experiment 2 were asked to perform 3 successive maximum breath-holds 1 time per day for 3 months. Measurements of the experiment 2 were performed for every month. In all measurements, lung functions were determined by handy spirometer (SK330; Suzuken). The experiment 1 showed that there was no significant relationship between breath-hold time and lung functions. In the experiment 2, significant relationships were found between breath hold time and vital capacity at 1 month (r = .69, P < .05) and at 3 months (r = .65, P < .05) after the start of training. Breath-hold time was significantly increased during 3 months training (one-way analysis of variance, P < .001). However, vital capacity was not significantly increased. These results suggested that vital capacity was important factor in determining the breathhold time among those who can hold the breath much longer.
53
Diseases spectral distribution for the women aboard Chinese naval ships J. Ba*, Y. Tao, B. Chen Naval Medical Research Institute, Shanghai, China E-mail address: [email protected] Keywords: Woman at sea, Disease spectral distribution, Gynecology Objective.– To understand the spectral distribution and characteristic of the diseases often seen in the women who served in Chinese Naval Ships. Method.– Retrospect analysis was used and clinic records in the sickbay of the ships were statistically analyzed. The routine physical examinations and the questionnaire for health of the female sailors were surveyed.
Recueil des re´sume´s Results.– From the disease spectral distribution pattern, the most common disease seen in the women aboard Chinese Naval Ships are menstrual disorder, functional bleeding of the endometria and gynecological infection. There is no pregnant case reported in ships up to now. More attention should be paid to the psychology and oral health of the female sailors while serving in naval ships. From the survey, it is indicated that the morbidity of infection diseases (except for that of the urinary and reproduction systems) in female is a little bit lower than that in male aboard naval ships (0.89:1), and that the morbidity of trauma, osteoarthropathia and sea sickness is a little bit higher than that in male aboard naval ships (1.1:1). There is no difference in the disease spectral distribution and morbidity except for gynecological diseases between the female and male. Conclusion.– The morbidity of the gynecological diseases in female is very related to the marine and ship environment with the characteristic of the disease spectral distribution. Therefore, the emphasis should be laid on in the medical support for women who served in naval ships: training the women for the adaptability to the marine environment, perfecting the physical examination system, adding some medication and special medical equipments for examination and treatment in gynecology on naval ships, setting up the scenarios to deal with the acute abdomen in gynecology on the spot, and providing the prenatal care for the pregnant women at sea. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.094
54
Researching the reality of working conditions, diving accidents and proposed first aid measures and prevention of diving accidents for diving fishermen in the Co To and Bach Long Vy Vietnam fishery N. Truong Son*, T. Thi Quynh Chi, P. Van Non Vietnam National Institute of Maritime Medicine, Haiphong, Vietnam E-mail address: [email protected] Ojective.– The authors researched the reality of working conditions and diving accidents, and proposed some first aid and preventive measures of diving accidents for diving fishermen in the fishing grounds of Co To and Bach Long Vy of Haiphong city and Quangning province in Vietnam. Results.– About the reality of working conditions and diving accidents of the fishermen. There remained a low percentage of fishermen in Co To and Bach Long Vy with safe diving of less than twice a day; a majority of 78% were diving three or four times a day and the break between their two consecutive turns was less than six hours while the break after a diving day was less than twelve hours. Their diving equipments was very simple and insecure (67–100%). The general diving accident rate was 58%; 62.6% of which suffered sinus and enterogastritis injuries, 25.3% of which were decompression sickness of type I and type II, the rest of which included anoxia (due to compressor or damage of breather’s cords) and other diseases (drowning, severely cold catching, injury). The decompression accident rate increased proportionally to diving depths, for example, the accident rate of those with less than twenty-meter diving was 4.54 times higher than those with deeper than twenty-meter diving. The diving accident rate increased when daily diving turns increased with a close directly proportional correlation (r = 0.97); The diving fishermen who omitted decompression procedures suffered from significantly higher decompression accident rate than those who followed decompression (P < 0.01). The rate of commonly seen sequelae and chronic diseases due to diving accidents which badly affected the fishermen’s health and lives included 41.4% with ear injury (bad hearing, scarred and thickened ear-drum, perforated ear-drum), 21.8% of osteoscope, 4% of paralysis and 2.3% of urine disorder. The reality and the proposal of some measures of giving first aid to and preventing diving accidents
for fishermen on Bach Long Vy and Co To islands. Most fishermen were not trained with diving safety (only 1.8% was trained), the fishermen did not know about the diving tables and they had no knowledge of first aid methods or diving accident treatment (23.3– 28.4%). The ships were not equipped with necessary medicines and first aid equipment (55%) or were insufficiently equipped (41.7%). There remained shortages of ambulance services, doctors and specialized medical devices to serve the task of giving first aid to and treating diving accidents for fishermen. Conclusion.– The prevalence of diving accidents of fishermen is very high 25.3% of which were decompression sickness of type I and type II. Causes of accidents are mostly from very poor training, equipping and working conditions of divers. There is a need for organisation of safety training for sea diving and managing divers closely and to establish an emergency network for controlling diving accidents in the coastal provinces. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.095 55
The effective evaluation of HBO in the treatment of insomnia at Institute of Medicine Maritime Vietnam (Vinimam) N. Van Thanh*, N. Truong Son Vietnam National Institute of Maritime Medicine, Haiphong, Vietnam E-mail address: [email protected] Objectives.– Evaluation of the effectiveness of HBO in the treatment of insomnia in outpatients treated at Center for Underwater and Hyperbaric Oxygene Medicine. Through the review of results, we would like to give some recommendations for the treatment and prevention of insomnia. Results.– The average age of patients was 54.96 11.126; 29.4% were age > 60 and the most insomnia (43.1%) was found in elderly and retired people. The sex-ratio male/female = 2 (66.7%/33.3%)–male more than female. There were only 9.8% insomnia patients who were shift workers. The most frequent coincidental disease was hypertension (19.6%). 70.6% of patients did not habitually exercise. 33.3% of patients had a history of chronic insomnia with an average is 3.71 3.496 years. Insomnia with an unknown cause was higher rate 62.7%. The most common disorder of the EEG was hypoactivity of electroencephalon (29.4%). Chronic insomnia was the most frequent with 76.5%. Transient insomnia is 23.5%. 68.6% of patients were treated with a combination of HBO and anxiolytics against 31.4% in the monotherapy group by HBO. The group used HBOT with pressure dose 2.2 ATA outnumbered 2.5 ATA group (66.7% vs. 33.3%); the average course of treatment was 9.96 4.695 days. The average sleeping hours of patients after treatment with HBO were significantly higher than compared with pretreatment (4.10 0.22 vs 2.20 0.13, P < 0.001). 70.60% had good results and 13.7% bad results and 15.7% patients discontinued treatment. Hundred percent of patients who were already treated with amitriptyline had no improvement of sleep. Conclusion.– HBOT was effective in 70.6% of patients but showed no benefit for patients who have been treated with amitriptyline. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2013.07.096 56
Violations of cardiovascular system function at the workers of marine transport A.M. Ignatyev*, N.A. Matsegora, K.A. Yarmula Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine E-mail address: [email protected] Background.– Research of specific changes taking place in a human body at the influence of adverse factors of the working environment is
551