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Dislocation of the Elbow in the Dog
Dislocation of the Elbow
Z1l
the Dog.
323
DISLOCATION OF THE ELBOW IN THE DOG. BY C.
J.
ROTHERH A ~l
AND H. R. SI NGLETON,
~ I .R .C .Y.S.
IN the. dog, particularly in puppies of the toy Man chester or black-and-tan terrier breed, dislocation of the elbow is very common. It is usuall y congenital a nd is not observed by the owner until th e animal commences to try to walk about. When brought for treatment the pa ti ent either goes down on its elbows with its paws extended - that is, when both elbows are dislocated- or it may walk like a kangaroo, occasionally touching the ground with the fore legs. W hen on e leg only is a ffected the point of the elbow projects a little outward and the leg is FIG. I. - Photograph showing th e }.>Osition of the carried in the position shown limb when dislOC:1. ted. in Fig: 1. ~The limb is shorter than the other, and the a nimal has a peculiar halting gait, touching the ground only occasionally. The actual condition of th e bon es in the region of the elbow-joint is well shown in the skiagraph which forms Fig . 2 .
FIG. 2. -Skiag raph
o( a dislocated elbow.
The Veterz"nary '70urnat.
324
The radius and ulna are both displaced, the condition b.eing a true dislocation; the radius in particular is often some little distance (as in this particular specimen) from its proper articulation. Treatment is generally futile, as, although one has no difficulty as a rule in returning the bones to their proper position, there is the greatest difficulty in keeping them in place. Bandages, poro-plastic felt, plaster of P aris, and other substances may be moulded with accuracy so that they fit every curve, and they may be bandaged so th at one is sure they are at the time in place. As ~ general rule, however, the ultimate sequel is very disappointing, and often an examina tion a few minutes later will reveal that the parts are again disloca ted as bad as ever.
" A MUSCULAR ANOMALY IN THE HORSE. BY PETER
HAUGH.
(From the Anatomy Department, Royal Veterinary College, Edinburgh.)
ALTHOUGH it cannot always be claimed that muscular anomalies are of surpassing interest to the practitioner, it is indisputably the case that they appeal strongly to the anatomist. Sometimes they are of importance to the surgeon, but only if they are of pronounced degree and complicate the technique of an operation by lea ding to momentary confusion by their unex pected appearance. To the morphologisJ, on th e other hand , they appear as problems, sometimes impossible, ' sometime difficult, sometimes easy of solution. Their interest is all the gre ater when they represent structures present in other animals but not usually found in the subject undergoing dissection. For this reason it is considered that a short note on an unusual muscular arrangement in the horse is justified. The animal in which it was found was an ordinary male dissection-subj ect used in connection with the Class of Practical Anatomy during the present session. On reflecting the cervical portion of the trapezius, in order to expose the second layer of muscles in the scapular region, a narrow muscular strip was disclosed. It had an origin, by means of a broad aponeurosis, from the fascia lying over the scapular attachment of the cervical rhomboid. This aponeurosis gave place to a narrow rounded tendon lying upon the supraspinatus muscle and running in a ventral direction . On about the level of the trapezius tubercle, the fleshy portion of the muscle began. At first narrow, but gradually broadening, it crossed, in an approximately vertical direction, ventralwards to the region of insertion of the deltoid muscle, in connection with which it ended in a flattened tendon. The total length of the muscle was 28 cm. and its greatest width 3'5 cm. Its relative dimensions, position, &c., are shown in the figure. Unfortunately, its nerve of supply could not be discovered. A branch of the posterior circumflex artery entered its lower third. The question of the s,ignificance of t.he a nomaly is not entirely easy of answer. At first it was thought that here might possibly be an
Z1l
the Dog.
323
DISLOCATION OF THE ELBOW IN THE DOG. BY C.
J.
ROTHERH A ~l
AND H. R. SI NGLETON,
~ I .R .C .Y.S.
IN the. dog, particularly in puppies of the toy Man chester or black-and-tan terrier breed, dislocation of the elbow is very common. It is usuall y congenital a nd is not observed by the owner until th e animal commences to try to walk about. When brought for treatment the pa ti ent either goes down on its elbows with its paws extended - that is, when both elbows are dislocated- or it may walk like a kangaroo, occasionally touching the ground with the fore legs. W hen on e leg only is a ffected the point of the elbow projects a little outward and the leg is FIG. I. - Photograph showing th e }.>Osition of the carried in the position shown limb when dislOC:1. ted. in Fig: 1. ~The limb is shorter than the other, and the a nimal has a peculiar halting gait, touching the ground only occasionally. The actual condition of th e bon es in the region of the elbow-joint is well shown in the skiagraph which forms Fig . 2 .
FIG. 2. -Skiag raph
o( a dislocated elbow.
The Veterz"nary '70urnat.
324
The radius and ulna are both displaced, the condition b.eing a true dislocation; the radius in particular is often some little distance (as in this particular specimen) from its proper articulation. Treatment is generally futile, as, although one has no difficulty as a rule in returning the bones to their proper position, there is the greatest difficulty in keeping them in place. Bandages, poro-plastic felt, plaster of P aris, and other substances may be moulded with accuracy so that they fit every curve, and they may be bandaged so th at one is sure they are at the time in place. As ~ general rule, however, the ultimate sequel is very disappointing, and often an examina tion a few minutes later will reveal that the parts are again disloca ted as bad as ever.
" A MUSCULAR ANOMALY IN THE HORSE. BY PETER
HAUGH.
(From the Anatomy Department, Royal Veterinary College, Edinburgh.)
ALTHOUGH it cannot always be claimed that muscular anomalies are of surpassing interest to the practitioner, it is indisputably the case that they appeal strongly to the anatomist. Sometimes they are of importance to the surgeon, but only if they are of pronounced degree and complicate the technique of an operation by lea ding to momentary confusion by their unex pected appearance. To the morphologisJ, on th e other hand , they appear as problems, sometimes impossible, ' sometime difficult, sometimes easy of solution. Their interest is all the gre ater when they represent structures present in other animals but not usually found in the subject undergoing dissection. For this reason it is considered that a short note on an unusual muscular arrangement in the horse is justified. The animal in which it was found was an ordinary male dissection-subj ect used in connection with the Class of Practical Anatomy during the present session. On reflecting the cervical portion of the trapezius, in order to expose the second layer of muscles in the scapular region, a narrow muscular strip was disclosed. It had an origin, by means of a broad aponeurosis, from the fascia lying over the scapular attachment of the cervical rhomboid. This aponeurosis gave place to a narrow rounded tendon lying upon the supraspinatus muscle and running in a ventral direction . On about the level of the trapezius tubercle, the fleshy portion of the muscle began. At first narrow, but gradually broadening, it crossed, in an approximately vertical direction, ventralwards to the region of insertion of the deltoid muscle, in connection with which it ended in a flattened tendon. The total length of the muscle was 28 cm. and its greatest width 3'5 cm. Its relative dimensions, position, &c., are shown in the figure. Unfortunately, its nerve of supply could not be discovered. A branch of the posterior circumflex artery entered its lower third. The question of the s,ignificance of t.he a nomaly is not entirely easy of answer. At first it was thought that here might possibly be an