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Dissolution of recent platform carbonate sediments in marine pore fluids
OLR (1990) 37 (12)
D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics
90:7059
Toyoda, Kazuhiro and Masayasu Tokonami, 1990. Diffusion of rare-earth elements in fish teeth from deep-sea sediments. Nature, Lond, 345(6276): 607-609. Enrichment in REEs takes place only during early diagenesis for which reason the REE signal has often been assumed to represent the unfractionated record of REE distribution in the overlying water column. Ilere we report on studies of REE zoning in fish teeth from Pacific sediments, from which we extract a REE diffusion coefficient of ~ 7 0 mm 2 Myr-L This suggests that diffusion of REEs from seawater into the fish teeth before burial is too slow to produce the enrichments observed. Instead, the REE distributions must derive from the surrounding sediment pore fluids. The use of these distributions as palaeoceanographic indicators is therefore called into question. Mineralogical Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
D130. Sediments (rocks, formations, type, composition, etc.) 90:7060
Bohrmann, Gerhard et al., 1990. A young porcellanlte occurrence from the Southwest Indian Ridge. Mar. Geol, 92(I-2):!55-163. Alfred Wegener Inst. fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, Columbusstr., D-2850 Bremerhaven, FRG. 90:7061 Faas, R.W., 1990. A portable rotational viseometer for field and laboratory analysis of cohesive sediment suspensions. J. coast. Res, 6(3):735738. In studies of the erosion, transport, and deposition of dense near bottom suspensions of fine-grained cohesive sediment, it is often useful to ascertain the particular form of rheological behavior which may be exhibited by the suspension as it responds to the stresses imposed upon it by its environment. These forms of behavior may be time-dependent or independent, Newtonian or non-Newtonian and may show some or all forms of rheological behavior during an analysis, depending upon environmental conditions. The purpose of this note is to describe in some detail an instrument which has been used to make observations of these phenomena, to discuss its usefulness for laboratory and field analyses, and to suggest that it be considered an important tool for understanding and predicting the dynamic behavior of such material. Dept. of Geol., Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA.
1107
90:7062 Longva, Oddvar and K.J. Bakkejord, 1990. Iceberg deformation and erosion in soft sediments, southeast Norway. Mar. Geol, 92(I-2):87-104. Norges Geol. Undersokelse, Post Box 3006, Lade, 7002 Trondheim, Norway. 90:7063 McCaffrey, M.A., J.W. Farrington and D.J. Repeta, 1990. The organic geochemistry of Peru margin surface sediments. I. A comparison of the C3~ alkenone and historical El Nifio records. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 54(6):1671-1682. Comparison of the historical El Nifio/Southem Oscillation (ENSO) record with detailed Uk~7profiles for 2~~ cores from the Peru margin oxygen minimum zone demonstrates that the alkenone-U~7 'paleothermometer' has potential as a sedimentary marker for ENSO events. Sediments with the greatest potential for holding a sedimentary Uk37 record of ENSO events are from the center of the oxygen minimum zone sectioned at intervals < the yearly sedimentation rate. Correlation between the C37 alkenone concentration profiles in two cores from ~150S, collected nine years apart, are consistent with using these compounds for 'molecular stratigraphy.' Chem. Dept., WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. 90:7064
Shiba, Tsuneo, 1989. Size separation of Interstitial water in marine sediments. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish.), 55(12): 2179-2183. Otsuchi Mar. Res. Ctr., Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, Akahama, Otsuchi Iwate 028-1 I, Japan. 90:7065
Tanahara, Akira et al., 1989. The rate of sedimentation and chronological changes of heavy metal concentration at Oklnawa Trough. Bull. Coll. Sci., Univ. Ryukyus, 48:1-14. (In Japanese, English abstract.) Dept. of Chem., Univ. of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-01, Japan. 90:7066 Walter, L.M. and E.A. Burton, 1990. Dissolution of recent platform carbonate sediments in marine pore fluids. Am. J. Sci, 290(6):601-643. Dept. of Geol. Sci., 1006 C.C. Little Bldg., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. 90:7067 Wetzel, Andreas, 1990. Interrelationships between porosity and other geotechnical properties of
D. Submarine Geology and Geophysics
90:7059
Toyoda, Kazuhiro and Masayasu Tokonami, 1990. Diffusion of rare-earth elements in fish teeth from deep-sea sediments. Nature, Lond, 345(6276): 607-609. Enrichment in REEs takes place only during early diagenesis for which reason the REE signal has often been assumed to represent the unfractionated record of REE distribution in the overlying water column. Ilere we report on studies of REE zoning in fish teeth from Pacific sediments, from which we extract a REE diffusion coefficient of ~ 7 0 mm 2 Myr-L This suggests that diffusion of REEs from seawater into the fish teeth before burial is too slow to produce the enrichments observed. Instead, the REE distributions must derive from the surrounding sediment pore fluids. The use of these distributions as palaeoceanographic indicators is therefore called into question. Mineralogical Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
D130. Sediments (rocks, formations, type, composition, etc.) 90:7060
Bohrmann, Gerhard et al., 1990. A young porcellanlte occurrence from the Southwest Indian Ridge. Mar. Geol, 92(I-2):!55-163. Alfred Wegener Inst. fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, Columbusstr., D-2850 Bremerhaven, FRG. 90:7061 Faas, R.W., 1990. A portable rotational viseometer for field and laboratory analysis of cohesive sediment suspensions. J. coast. Res, 6(3):735738. In studies of the erosion, transport, and deposition of dense near bottom suspensions of fine-grained cohesive sediment, it is often useful to ascertain the particular form of rheological behavior which may be exhibited by the suspension as it responds to the stresses imposed upon it by its environment. These forms of behavior may be time-dependent or independent, Newtonian or non-Newtonian and may show some or all forms of rheological behavior during an analysis, depending upon environmental conditions. The purpose of this note is to describe in some detail an instrument which has been used to make observations of these phenomena, to discuss its usefulness for laboratory and field analyses, and to suggest that it be considered an important tool for understanding and predicting the dynamic behavior of such material. Dept. of Geol., Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA.
1107
90:7062 Longva, Oddvar and K.J. Bakkejord, 1990. Iceberg deformation and erosion in soft sediments, southeast Norway. Mar. Geol, 92(I-2):87-104. Norges Geol. Undersokelse, Post Box 3006, Lade, 7002 Trondheim, Norway. 90:7063 McCaffrey, M.A., J.W. Farrington and D.J. Repeta, 1990. The organic geochemistry of Peru margin surface sediments. I. A comparison of the C3~ alkenone and historical El Nifio records. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 54(6):1671-1682. Comparison of the historical El Nifio/Southem Oscillation (ENSO) record with detailed Uk~7profiles for 2~~ cores from the Peru margin oxygen minimum zone demonstrates that the alkenone-U~7 'paleothermometer' has potential as a sedimentary marker for ENSO events. Sediments with the greatest potential for holding a sedimentary Uk37 record of ENSO events are from the center of the oxygen minimum zone sectioned at intervals < the yearly sedimentation rate. Correlation between the C37 alkenone concentration profiles in two cores from ~150S, collected nine years apart, are consistent with using these compounds for 'molecular stratigraphy.' Chem. Dept., WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. 90:7064
Shiba, Tsuneo, 1989. Size separation of Interstitial water in marine sediments. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish.), 55(12): 2179-2183. Otsuchi Mar. Res. Ctr., Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, Akahama, Otsuchi Iwate 028-1 I, Japan. 90:7065
Tanahara, Akira et al., 1989. The rate of sedimentation and chronological changes of heavy metal concentration at Oklnawa Trough. Bull. Coll. Sci., Univ. Ryukyus, 48:1-14. (In Japanese, English abstract.) Dept. of Chem., Univ. of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-01, Japan. 90:7066 Walter, L.M. and E.A. Burton, 1990. Dissolution of recent platform carbonate sediments in marine pore fluids. Am. J. Sci, 290(6):601-643. Dept. of Geol. Sci., 1006 C.C. Little Bldg., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. 90:7067 Wetzel, Andreas, 1990. Interrelationships between porosity and other geotechnical properties of