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Distributin of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in soils of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil)
15 Environment (pollution, health protection, safety)
96/03170 Dlstrlbutln of 22&Ra, 232Th, and 4°K in soils of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil) Malanca, A. et al., J. Environ. Radioactivity, 1996, 30, (1), 55-67.
Describes a survey programme aimed at studying the environmental radioactivity in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte. 96/03171 Distribution of 137Cs In water leachates of forest humus Passeck, U. et al., J. Environ. Radioactivity, 1995, 28, (3), 223-238.
The paper investigates the distribution of 137Cs in water extracts of organic layers of forest soils using an ultrafiltration method. Samples were taken from two sites in the Bavarian Alps. 96/03172 Distribution of some natural and artificial radlonuclldes In Msngalore environment of South India Radhakrishna, A. P. et al., J. Environ. Radioactivity, 1996,30, (1), 31-54.
The activities of 4°K, 226Ra, 228Ra, 21OpO, 21Opb, mCs and 90S r were determined in a number of natural samples in the environment of Mangalore, South India where large-scale industrial activities are envisaged. Wellestablished nuclear techniques were employed to measure the activities and wherever necessary radiochemical methods were also followed. The intake of radionuclides by the population and the internal dose were estimated. DME emphasis on safety Queensland Government Mining J., Feb. 1996, 97, (1), p. 36. Reports that the Health and Safety Branch of the Department of Minerals and Energy, Australia, has an on-going programme which emphasises the need for accident awareness in the mining industry. Part of the programme involves regular circulation to mine and quarry sites of a bulletin which highlights recent safety issues and incidents in Queensland and elsewhere in Australia. Provides the highlights from the latest bulletin.
96/03173
96/03179 Effects of auxiliary fuel on reduction of carbon dioxide emission from an Ironworks system Integrated with methanol synthesis Sato, H. et al., Sekiyu Gakkaishi, 1995, 38, (6), 390-398. (In Japanese)
The iron manufacturing industry has been required to reduce emission of carbon dioxide and exergy consumption for the protection of the global environment. To resolve this problem, partial replacement of coke by auxiliary fuels in the energy source of blast furnaces and the conversion of CO and CO2 in the blast furnace stack-gas into methanol were investigated. 96/03180 Effects of CO2 concentrations of growth in the coccolithophorids (haptophyta) Hiwatari, T. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 779-782.
The paper discusses the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide and the serious concern of global warming caused by greenhouse effect. Efforts of electric utilities in Japan to reduce CO2 96/03181 emission Muto, S. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 835-838. The paper discusses the present status of efforts made by Japanese electric utilities, including plans to realize the optimal combination of fossil power and hydraulic power with nuclear power as the main power source, the increase of energy use efficiency, studies on CO2 recovery and fixation, and international cooperation related to these efforts. 96/03182 Electric and magnetic fields and health outcomes. What do we know? What still needs to be investigated? What policy Is appropriate Knave, B. Int. Con! on Healthy Buildings in Mild Climate, Healthy BUildings '95, Milan, Sep. 1995, 1, 127-132.
Discusses the biological effects and possible health outcomes of weak electric and magnetic fields. Electric technologies and CO2: Problem or solution Chwalowski, M. Energy Converso Mgmt., Juri-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 967-971. Over 95% of the US economy is generated by industrial, commercial and residential activities. These three sectors consume 99.9% of all electricity. Between 1973 and 1993 the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew 56% and the consumption of electricity rose 70%, indicating a close linkage between economic growth and the use of electrotechnologies. Even as electricity use rose 70%, total US emissions of CO2 from all activities (excluding transportation) rose by only 5% over the same period. The US economy's emissions of CO2 (excluding transportation) have declined by 33% from 2.4 pounds of CO2 per dollar of GDP in 1973 to 1.6 pounds of CO/$ GDP in 1993 (1987 $).
96/03183
Dust protection In the coal mining Industry Bauer, M. 1. and Engeldinger, A. Glueckauf, 1995, 131, (6), 293-294. (In German) Discusses the current state of the protection measures against dust in the coal mining industry.
96/03174
96/03175 Dutch abiogenic emissions of methane and nitrous oxide and options for emission reduction Oonk, H. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 985-989.
Abiogenic emissions contribute to about half of the total Dutch emissions of methane and nitrous oxide. In the Netherlands, options for reducing methane emissions from landfills and from the oil and gas system are identified and are being implemented at this moment. As a result of existing waste policy, formation and emission of methane will be gradually phased out in the next century. In the meantime methane emissions are reduced by landfill gas recovery. Emission from the oil and gas production, transport and distribution will be gradually reduced as a result of various process adaptions. The overall result is, that methane emissions will be significantly decreased in the near future. 96/03176 An economic evaluation of carbon emlsson and carbon sequestration for the forestry sector In Malaysia Ismail, R. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (5), 281-292.
Forestry is an important sector in Malaysia. The long term development of the forestry sector will definitely affect the future amounts of carbon sequestration and emission of the country. The paper evaluates various forestry economic options that contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 96/03177 Economic evaluation of CO) response options In the forestry sector: The case of Thallana Wangwacharakul, V. and Bowonwiwat, R. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (5), 293-307. Using the benefit-cost analysis approach, the paper attempts to evaluate the potential of the forestry sector in Thailand to reduce carbon emissions of the country. 96/03178 The effect of Increasing 50 2 removal on near-plant opacity of coal·flred utility boilers Weilert, C. V. and Dyer, P. N. EPA-600/R-95-015d, US. Environ. Prot. Agency, Res. Dev., (Proc. 19935°2 Control Symp.) Paper No. 81, 1995, 8 pp. One problem which is common to many high sulphur coal-fired units with wet FGD systems is near-plant opacity. Near-plant opacity typically occurs in the region downstream of the point at which the vapor plume dissipates but upstream of the point at which any NO, plume could have formed. The paper deals with some of the possible mechanisms which can cause nearplant opacity by the formation of H,S04 aerosol.
Electron beam treatment of flue gases Genshiryoku Kogyo, 1995, 41, (7), 20-23. (In Japanese) The paper discusses the electron beam treatment of flue gas treatment, including the reaction mechanisms of NO, and S02 removal.
96/03184 Narnba, H.
96/03185 The embodiment of carbon associated with BrazilIan Imports and exports
Schaeffer, R. and Leal De Sa, A. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 955-960. National statistics designed to determine domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions usually do not take into account the embodiment of carbon in international trade flows, thus failing to reflect that countries indirectly emit GHG by importing non-energy goods. As a matter of fact, by becoming more services oriented and importing increasing quantities of energyintensive goods from developing nations, developed nations are transferring part of their carbon emissions to developing economies, with a consequent impact on the global environment. The paper estimates the amount of energy and carbon embodied in the non-energy exports and imports of Brazil for the period 1970-1993 in order to determine whether or not the international trade of carbon rich products is a problem worth addressing in the case of Brazil. 96/03186 Emissions due to fossil-fuel consumption and cement production In Turkey (1970-1991) Zaim, K. K. Energy, Apr. 1996, 21, (4), 325-331.
Standard emission factors are used for estimating levels of particulate matter (PM), SO" CO, volatile organic compounds (VOC), NO, and CO2, Results are presented for different fuels and energy-consuming sectors. Emissions of greenhouse gases In the Netherlands Evers, C. W. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996,37, (6), 723-728. The emission inventory in the Netherlnds comprises the registration, analysis and localization of emission data of both industrial and non-industrial sources. The objective of the emission inventory is to monitor the emissions from sources of air and water pollution on a national scale. This information is used to evaluate the progress of environmental policy and to provide national and international bodies with the official data on emissions within the country. A more detailed description of the objectives and structure of the emission inventory is given. 96/03187
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
219
96/03170 Dlstrlbutln of 22&Ra, 232Th, and 4°K in soils of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil) Malanca, A. et al., J. Environ. Radioactivity, 1996, 30, (1), 55-67.
Describes a survey programme aimed at studying the environmental radioactivity in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte. 96/03171 Distribution of 137Cs In water leachates of forest humus Passeck, U. et al., J. Environ. Radioactivity, 1995, 28, (3), 223-238.
The paper investigates the distribution of 137Cs in water extracts of organic layers of forest soils using an ultrafiltration method. Samples were taken from two sites in the Bavarian Alps. 96/03172 Distribution of some natural and artificial radlonuclldes In Msngalore environment of South India Radhakrishna, A. P. et al., J. Environ. Radioactivity, 1996,30, (1), 31-54.
The activities of 4°K, 226Ra, 228Ra, 21OpO, 21Opb, mCs and 90S r were determined in a number of natural samples in the environment of Mangalore, South India where large-scale industrial activities are envisaged. Wellestablished nuclear techniques were employed to measure the activities and wherever necessary radiochemical methods were also followed. The intake of radionuclides by the population and the internal dose were estimated. DME emphasis on safety Queensland Government Mining J., Feb. 1996, 97, (1), p. 36. Reports that the Health and Safety Branch of the Department of Minerals and Energy, Australia, has an on-going programme which emphasises the need for accident awareness in the mining industry. Part of the programme involves regular circulation to mine and quarry sites of a bulletin which highlights recent safety issues and incidents in Queensland and elsewhere in Australia. Provides the highlights from the latest bulletin.
96/03173
96/03179 Effects of auxiliary fuel on reduction of carbon dioxide emission from an Ironworks system Integrated with methanol synthesis Sato, H. et al., Sekiyu Gakkaishi, 1995, 38, (6), 390-398. (In Japanese)
The iron manufacturing industry has been required to reduce emission of carbon dioxide and exergy consumption for the protection of the global environment. To resolve this problem, partial replacement of coke by auxiliary fuels in the energy source of blast furnaces and the conversion of CO and CO2 in the blast furnace stack-gas into methanol were investigated. 96/03180 Effects of CO2 concentrations of growth in the coccolithophorids (haptophyta) Hiwatari, T. et al., Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 779-782.
The paper discusses the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide and the serious concern of global warming caused by greenhouse effect. Efforts of electric utilities in Japan to reduce CO2 96/03181 emission Muto, S. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Sep. 1995, 36, (6), 835-838. The paper discusses the present status of efforts made by Japanese electric utilities, including plans to realize the optimal combination of fossil power and hydraulic power with nuclear power as the main power source, the increase of energy use efficiency, studies on CO2 recovery and fixation, and international cooperation related to these efforts. 96/03182 Electric and magnetic fields and health outcomes. What do we know? What still needs to be investigated? What policy Is appropriate Knave, B. Int. Con! on Healthy Buildings in Mild Climate, Healthy BUildings '95, Milan, Sep. 1995, 1, 127-132.
Discusses the biological effects and possible health outcomes of weak electric and magnetic fields. Electric technologies and CO2: Problem or solution Chwalowski, M. Energy Converso Mgmt., Juri-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 967-971. Over 95% of the US economy is generated by industrial, commercial and residential activities. These three sectors consume 99.9% of all electricity. Between 1973 and 1993 the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew 56% and the consumption of electricity rose 70%, indicating a close linkage between economic growth and the use of electrotechnologies. Even as electricity use rose 70%, total US emissions of CO2 from all activities (excluding transportation) rose by only 5% over the same period. The US economy's emissions of CO2 (excluding transportation) have declined by 33% from 2.4 pounds of CO2 per dollar of GDP in 1973 to 1.6 pounds of CO/$ GDP in 1993 (1987 $).
96/03183
Dust protection In the coal mining Industry Bauer, M. 1. and Engeldinger, A. Glueckauf, 1995, 131, (6), 293-294. (In German) Discusses the current state of the protection measures against dust in the coal mining industry.
96/03174
96/03175 Dutch abiogenic emissions of methane and nitrous oxide and options for emission reduction Oonk, H. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 985-989.
Abiogenic emissions contribute to about half of the total Dutch emissions of methane and nitrous oxide. In the Netherlands, options for reducing methane emissions from landfills and from the oil and gas system are identified and are being implemented at this moment. As a result of existing waste policy, formation and emission of methane will be gradually phased out in the next century. In the meantime methane emissions are reduced by landfill gas recovery. Emission from the oil and gas production, transport and distribution will be gradually reduced as a result of various process adaptions. The overall result is, that methane emissions will be significantly decreased in the near future. 96/03176 An economic evaluation of carbon emlsson and carbon sequestration for the forestry sector In Malaysia Ismail, R. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (5), 281-292.
Forestry is an important sector in Malaysia. The long term development of the forestry sector will definitely affect the future amounts of carbon sequestration and emission of the country. The paper evaluates various forestry economic options that contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 96/03177 Economic evaluation of CO) response options In the forestry sector: The case of Thallana Wangwacharakul, V. and Bowonwiwat, R. Biomass & Bioenergy, 1995, 8, (5), 293-307. Using the benefit-cost analysis approach, the paper attempts to evaluate the potential of the forestry sector in Thailand to reduce carbon emissions of the country. 96/03178 The effect of Increasing 50 2 removal on near-plant opacity of coal·flred utility boilers Weilert, C. V. and Dyer, P. N. EPA-600/R-95-015d, US. Environ. Prot. Agency, Res. Dev., (Proc. 19935°2 Control Symp.) Paper No. 81, 1995, 8 pp. One problem which is common to many high sulphur coal-fired units with wet FGD systems is near-plant opacity. Near-plant opacity typically occurs in the region downstream of the point at which the vapor plume dissipates but upstream of the point at which any NO, plume could have formed. The paper deals with some of the possible mechanisms which can cause nearplant opacity by the formation of H,S04 aerosol.
Electron beam treatment of flue gases Genshiryoku Kogyo, 1995, 41, (7), 20-23. (In Japanese) The paper discusses the electron beam treatment of flue gas treatment, including the reaction mechanisms of NO, and S02 removal.
96/03184 Narnba, H.
96/03185 The embodiment of carbon associated with BrazilIan Imports and exports
Schaeffer, R. and Leal De Sa, A. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun-Aug. 1996, 37, (6), 955-960. National statistics designed to determine domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions usually do not take into account the embodiment of carbon in international trade flows, thus failing to reflect that countries indirectly emit GHG by importing non-energy goods. As a matter of fact, by becoming more services oriented and importing increasing quantities of energyintensive goods from developing nations, developed nations are transferring part of their carbon emissions to developing economies, with a consequent impact on the global environment. The paper estimates the amount of energy and carbon embodied in the non-energy exports and imports of Brazil for the period 1970-1993 in order to determine whether or not the international trade of carbon rich products is a problem worth addressing in the case of Brazil. 96/03186 Emissions due to fossil-fuel consumption and cement production In Turkey (1970-1991) Zaim, K. K. Energy, Apr. 1996, 21, (4), 325-331.
Standard emission factors are used for estimating levels of particulate matter (PM), SO" CO, volatile organic compounds (VOC), NO, and CO2, Results are presented for different fuels and energy-consuming sectors. Emissions of greenhouse gases In the Netherlands Evers, C. W. Energy Converso Mgmt., Jun.-Aug. 1996,37, (6), 723-728. The emission inventory in the Netherlnds comprises the registration, analysis and localization of emission data of both industrial and non-industrial sources. The objective of the emission inventory is to monitor the emissions from sources of air and water pollution on a national scale. This information is used to evaluate the progress of environmental policy and to provide national and international bodies with the official data on emissions within the country. A more detailed description of the objectives and structure of the emission inventory is given. 96/03187
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
219