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Distribution of oxygen in marine sediments measured with microelectrodes
OLR(1980)27(12)
B. Chemical Oceanography
80:5853 Li, Faxi, 1979. An analysis of the mechanism of removal of reactive silicate in the estuarlal region. Ocean. Sels, 2(1):47-62. Results are reported of investigations conducted in the Jiu-long River Estuary since 1962 on (1) distribution and variation of reactive silicate contents and factors affecting them; (2) reactive silicate adsorption on Fe(OH)~ and AI(OH)3 precipitates; and (3) distributions of suspended organic Si and authigenic Si, Fe and A1 and their relationship to silicate removal mechanisms. A mathematical model relating chlorinity to the distribution of a conservative or a non-conservative constituent during estuarine mixing is discussed. Department of Oceanography, Amoy University, People's Republic of China. (izs) 80:5854 Lyons, Win. B. and Win. F. Fitzgerald, 1980. T r a c e metal fluxes to nearshore Long Island Sound sediments. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 11(6): 157-161. In Long Island Sound, a percentage of the metal accumulation can be ascribed to local human activities with the highest anthropogenic metal fluxes occurring closest to their source. Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H., U.S.A. 80:5855 Matsumoto, Genki and Takahisa Hanya, 1980. Gas c h r o m a t o g r a p h i c - m a s s spectrometric identification of phenolic acids in recent sediments. J. Chromatog., 193(1): 89-94. In this survey of phenolic acids in lake, river and ocean sediments concentrations of individual acids are quantitatively reported (max. 110 ug/g dry sample). These acids are primarily derived from vascular plants and their detritus. Department of C h e m i s t r y , F a c u l t y of Science, T o k y o Metropolitan University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158, Japan. (bwt) 80:5856 Nadler, Arie, Mordeckai Magaritz and Emanuel Mazor, 1980. Chemical reactions of s e a w a t e r with rocks and freshwater: experimental and field observations on brackish waters in Israel. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 44(6): 879886. Four major processes observed in the coastal aquifer of Israel are detectable even in the short times of water contact with the carbonatecontaining host rocks. Three are chemical reactions: Ca~÷--Mg~+ exchange, Na+--Ca 2. or Na + - - M g 2+ base exchange, SO 2- reduction; the
859
fourth is freshwater dilution. These reactions and their effects on the chemical composition of the waters were demonstrated experimentally, the range of laboratory-observed changes overlapping that of studied natural waters. This indicates that simulation of geologically long-term rock-water interaction could be achieved in laboratory experiments even at low temperatures. Institute of Soils and Water, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. 80:5857 Revsbech, N. P., Jan Sorensen, T. H. Blackburn and J. P. Lomholt, 1980. Distribution of oxygen in m a r i n e sediments measured with microelectrodes. Limnol. Oceanogr., 25(3): 403-411. Membrane-covered platinum microelectrodes were used to establish dissolved oxygen profiles which only extended to about 5 m m depth in nonilluminated marine sediments and to 10 m m depth in a homogeneous, sandy sediment at low temperature under high light intensity. Rates of oxygen production and consumption were estimated; and the effects of diffusion, turbulence, and bioturbation on oxygen transport were evaluated. Institute of Ecology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. (hbf) 80:5858 Shaffer, Gary, 1979. On the phosphorus and oxygen dynamics of the Baltic Sea. Contr. Asko Lab. Univ. Stockholm, 26:90 pp. Considering the Baltic as an 'overt'nixed' estuary, deep salinities and halocline depths were predicted with a model incorporating the dynamics of the Danish Straits mouth, the Arkona-BornholmStolpe Furrow inflow, and the Baltic proper spreading region. When oxygen consumption rates and cross-halocline transports of oxygen and phosphate (derived with the technique of conservation calculations in natural coordinates) from a northwestern coastal canyon were compared with results from the whole Baltic, coastal nutrient fluxes were 10 to 100 times greater. The similarity between Baltic Deep Water and oceanic oxygen consumption/phosphate regeneration ratios, the possibly marginal effect of bottom water turnover on production, the spatial-temporal distribution of deep water production/consumption, and the 'unpleasantly anomalous' chemical composition of the Baltic (attributed to increasing pollution) are discussed. Oceanographic Institute, University of Gothenburg, Box 4038, S-400 40 Gothenburg, Sweden. (izs)
B. Chemical Oceanography
80:5853 Li, Faxi, 1979. An analysis of the mechanism of removal of reactive silicate in the estuarlal region. Ocean. Sels, 2(1):47-62. Results are reported of investigations conducted in the Jiu-long River Estuary since 1962 on (1) distribution and variation of reactive silicate contents and factors affecting them; (2) reactive silicate adsorption on Fe(OH)~ and AI(OH)3 precipitates; and (3) distributions of suspended organic Si and authigenic Si, Fe and A1 and their relationship to silicate removal mechanisms. A mathematical model relating chlorinity to the distribution of a conservative or a non-conservative constituent during estuarine mixing is discussed. Department of Oceanography, Amoy University, People's Republic of China. (izs) 80:5854 Lyons, Win. B. and Win. F. Fitzgerald, 1980. T r a c e metal fluxes to nearshore Long Island Sound sediments. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 11(6): 157-161. In Long Island Sound, a percentage of the metal accumulation can be ascribed to local human activities with the highest anthropogenic metal fluxes occurring closest to their source. Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, N.H., U.S.A. 80:5855 Matsumoto, Genki and Takahisa Hanya, 1980. Gas c h r o m a t o g r a p h i c - m a s s spectrometric identification of phenolic acids in recent sediments. J. Chromatog., 193(1): 89-94. In this survey of phenolic acids in lake, river and ocean sediments concentrations of individual acids are quantitatively reported (max. 110 ug/g dry sample). These acids are primarily derived from vascular plants and their detritus. Department of C h e m i s t r y , F a c u l t y of Science, T o k y o Metropolitan University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158, Japan. (bwt) 80:5856 Nadler, Arie, Mordeckai Magaritz and Emanuel Mazor, 1980. Chemical reactions of s e a w a t e r with rocks and freshwater: experimental and field observations on brackish waters in Israel. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 44(6): 879886. Four major processes observed in the coastal aquifer of Israel are detectable even in the short times of water contact with the carbonatecontaining host rocks. Three are chemical reactions: Ca~÷--Mg~+ exchange, Na+--Ca 2. or Na + - - M g 2+ base exchange, SO 2- reduction; the
859
fourth is freshwater dilution. These reactions and their effects on the chemical composition of the waters were demonstrated experimentally, the range of laboratory-observed changes overlapping that of studied natural waters. This indicates that simulation of geologically long-term rock-water interaction could be achieved in laboratory experiments even at low temperatures. Institute of Soils and Water, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. 80:5857 Revsbech, N. P., Jan Sorensen, T. H. Blackburn and J. P. Lomholt, 1980. Distribution of oxygen in m a r i n e sediments measured with microelectrodes. Limnol. Oceanogr., 25(3): 403-411. Membrane-covered platinum microelectrodes were used to establish dissolved oxygen profiles which only extended to about 5 m m depth in nonilluminated marine sediments and to 10 m m depth in a homogeneous, sandy sediment at low temperature under high light intensity. Rates of oxygen production and consumption were estimated; and the effects of diffusion, turbulence, and bioturbation on oxygen transport were evaluated. Institute of Ecology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. (hbf) 80:5858 Shaffer, Gary, 1979. On the phosphorus and oxygen dynamics of the Baltic Sea. Contr. Asko Lab. Univ. Stockholm, 26:90 pp. Considering the Baltic as an 'overt'nixed' estuary, deep salinities and halocline depths were predicted with a model incorporating the dynamics of the Danish Straits mouth, the Arkona-BornholmStolpe Furrow inflow, and the Baltic proper spreading region. When oxygen consumption rates and cross-halocline transports of oxygen and phosphate (derived with the technique of conservation calculations in natural coordinates) from a northwestern coastal canyon were compared with results from the whole Baltic, coastal nutrient fluxes were 10 to 100 times greater. The similarity between Baltic Deep Water and oceanic oxygen consumption/phosphate regeneration ratios, the possibly marginal effect of bottom water turnover on production, the spatial-temporal distribution of deep water production/consumption, and the 'unpleasantly anomalous' chemical composition of the Baltic (attributed to increasing pollution) are discussed. Oceanographic Institute, University of Gothenburg, Box 4038, S-400 40 Gothenburg, Sweden. (izs)