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Distribution of strains in soils beneath a test plate
28A
?30 A~RAMOV, LT D~%~e~RV, VK GLUKHOVTSEV, IN Dist~ibution'o~ strains in soils beneath a test plate~ 4F, 2T,6R. SOIL MECH.FOUNDATION ENG.VIO, N1,1973, B68-70. Results of e x ~ s co~t~rted in a soil char,,~elb ~ for meas~img settlement; at different depths of a homogeneous mass of fine sandy soil are presented. The device used fc~ m e a ~ i m g strains at different depths is described~ a ~ the design of the soil chammel-bc~ is also described.
231 BALYURA,MV H~rizontal displacements in foumdation beds beneath a rigid test plate; 5F, IT, TR. S01L MECH.FOU~DATION E~.VIO, NI,1973,PTI-74. Experiments are reported which were set u~ to obtain a ~er~ral picture of horizontal defca~tion in foumdation beds aceccd±ng to soil type~ density, moisture comteut~ and relative sinking of the test plate. Twe~y-aix experiments on loses anl sands w e r e carried cmt.-
Textu re,structu re,composition and density 232 SIEDANS, AW IMP~. OGLL. SCI . ~ . LONDON, GB Slaty cleavage. A review of research since 1815. - H i s ~ i c e l bac~ot~md and bibliography. 22F,Refs. EARTH SCI .REV.VS,N2,1972, P205- 232.
233 WHITE, S IMP~q. CGLL. LONDON, GB Symtectomic recrystallization and texture development in quartz. IF,16R.
~ATURE, V ~ , ~541~,1973,P~76-8.
2~ LIEI~, RC AUSTRALIAN NAT.UNIV. C A ~ , AUS Elastic properties of germar~te ~ l o g u s s of olivine, spinel ard beta polym~phs of (Mg,Fe) 2 Si 04. 3F, 21R.
NATURE, VZ~, N137,1973, PI05-I07. 239 CONFERENCE Fo%~'th ln~-~" science comfererme; Relocation of crustal materials by cataclymnic impacts dominated the first 700 million years of l ; m ~ history. 2F. SCIENCE, Vl81, N4100,1973, P615-622. From the relx~ts of the fourth l,,~r science conf~ence, amd those of e a r l i e r conferences, an assessment of the character of the material that comprises the surface of the moon and its potential as a source of infca~mation about the early solar system, is made.
F ractu re processes in rocks 236 EDMOND, 0 ~SITY COLLEGE~ LONDON, GB MURB~I, SA UNIVERSITY C ~ E , LONDON, GB Experimental observations on rock fracture at pressures up to 7 kbar and the implications for earthq%m/~e faulting. 9F, 3T, 26R. TECTONOPHYSICS,VI6, NI-2,1973, P7187 •
~37 LE TIRAN~, P GAY, L Manual of hydraulic fracturing. Textbook. In French. EDITIONs TECHNIP, PARIS, 1973, 334P.
This is a compreheusive ~ of the field of hydraulic fracturimg as utilized in the pe~oletln imdustry. It is slm~lsr to the w ~ k by Howard and Fast ( Hydraulic Fracturim6, S.P.E. 1970) but contains extensive reference to French literature as well as Em@ldsh language work and includes considerable crigi~sl Work of the authors. The authors state that 30,000 hydraulic fractures are ix~rsttedeach year in the U.S.A. alone, with maximum depth of 5000 m. In sddltion to improvement of well yield in low and moderate permeability f ~ a t i o m s , a~d reJuvemation Of partially clogged formations, hydraulic fracturir~ is also used for creating ur~ler~rou~ storage in salt a~i in origir~lly impervious rocks. The latter is especially relevant to u ~ e r ~ r o u ~ storage of %ozic substances. In the rock mechaz~cs field, h ~ a u l i c fracturir~ is now of interest as e viable me~ho~ of in-situ stress measurement at depth (See for example the paper by Haimson in l~ess in the Proc. of the 15th S ~ s i u m on Rock Mechamics, 1973). The book discussesflulds for fract~i~g, materials for propping fractures open, design details for wells, and plann!~ a ~ execution of operations, a ~ ms,hods f ~ obtalni~g multiple fractures in a well. EstAmation of t h e e x t e n t an:l. properties of fractures obta!~l is also considered. The extent of a vertical fracture will depend upon the vertical stress, the elastic properties of the rock, the flow rate and volu~e of fluid pumped, and the pemmeability of the rock. A series of fca~a~lae are given for determimimg the extent and dimensions of fractures, includimg their derivation the mechamical properties of the rocks, the flow from the well into the rock, amd the flow in the developimg fracture. ~ of H ~ u l i c Fracturing is carefully organized amd effectively presented. It should prove to be a valuable reference to wcrkers in the field of rock mechanics. R . G o o ~ .
238 VOVK, AA INST. GEOT. MECH. AS. UKRAINE SU CH~NYI, GI MIKHALY~, AV Control of crack f c ~ t i o n in compressible rocks during blasting. 5F,7R.
MIN. ~I.VS, N6,1972, P665-668. 239 ZHURAVLEV, VI D O ~ S ~ PHYSICOTECHN. INST. SU ~ , A D DONETSK PHYSICOTECHN. INST •SU Criterion for fracture of the brittle rocks weakened by a crack umder ~mriable shear load. 3F, 16R. SOVIET MIN. SCI .VS,N6, !972, P651-660. The paper applies Griffith's theory on fracture of brittle materials to bodies umder a general threed~sior~l co~P~essive or tensile load at iDa~iDity, contalning plane cavities of zero thickness. The authors attempt to solve the three-dimensionsl l~oblem of the t h e o ~ of elasticity fcr an isotropic elastic half-space w e a k e r ~ by a plane circular crack arbitrarily orientei in the space of the principal stresses anl acted on by a varying sheer. The results can be used to assess the strer~ths of solid bodies with various stremgth parameters under tension amd comlmession amd can therafore be used to represent such phenomena as shock bumps ard rock bursts.
24o HALLBAV~%DK CHAMBER OF MINES S.A.MIN.REB.LAB.ZA WAG~R,H ~ OF M I ~ S S.A.MIN.RES.LAB.ZA COOK, NG ~ OF MINES S.A.MIN.HES.LAB.ZA Some observations comcermi~g the microscopic and mechanical behaviour of qusrtzite s~ecimens in stiff ~risxia! CCmlm~esslon tests. 16F, 2T,19R. INT.J. ROCK MECH.MIN. SCI .VlO,N6,1973, P713-726.
?30 A~RAMOV, LT D~%~e~RV, VK GLUKHOVTSEV, IN Dist~ibution'o~ strains in soils beneath a test plate~ 4F, 2T,6R. SOIL MECH.FOUNDATION ENG.VIO, N1,1973, B68-70. Results of e x ~ s co~t~rted in a soil char,,~elb ~ for meas~img settlement; at different depths of a homogeneous mass of fine sandy soil are presented. The device used fc~ m e a ~ i m g strains at different depths is described~ a ~ the design of the soil chammel-bc~ is also described.
231 BALYURA,MV H~rizontal displacements in foumdation beds beneath a rigid test plate; 5F, IT, TR. S01L MECH.FOU~DATION E~.VIO, NI,1973,PTI-74. Experiments are reported which were set u~ to obtain a ~er~ral picture of horizontal defca~tion in foumdation beds aceccd±ng to soil type~ density, moisture comteut~ and relative sinking of the test plate. Twe~y-aix experiments on loses anl sands w e r e carried cmt.-
Textu re,structu re,composition and density 232 SIEDANS, AW IMP~. OGLL. SCI . ~ . LONDON, GB Slaty cleavage. A review of research since 1815. - H i s ~ i c e l bac~ot~md and bibliography. 22F,Refs. EARTH SCI .REV.VS,N2,1972, P205- 232.
233 WHITE, S IMP~q. CGLL. LONDON, GB Symtectomic recrystallization and texture development in quartz. IF,16R.
~ATURE, V ~ , ~541~,1973,P~76-8.
2~ LIEI~, RC AUSTRALIAN NAT.UNIV. C A ~ , AUS Elastic properties of germar~te ~ l o g u s s of olivine, spinel ard beta polym~phs of (Mg,Fe) 2 Si 04. 3F, 21R.
NATURE, VZ~, N137,1973, PI05-I07. 239 CONFERENCE Fo%~'th ln~-~" science comfererme; Relocation of crustal materials by cataclymnic impacts dominated the first 700 million years of l ; m ~ history. 2F. SCIENCE, Vl81, N4100,1973, P615-622. From the relx~ts of the fourth l,,~r science conf~ence, amd those of e a r l i e r conferences, an assessment of the character of the material that comprises the surface of the moon and its potential as a source of infca~mation about the early solar system, is made.
F ractu re processes in rocks 236 EDMOND, 0 ~SITY COLLEGE~ LONDON, GB MURB~I, SA UNIVERSITY C ~ E , LONDON, GB Experimental observations on rock fracture at pressures up to 7 kbar and the implications for earthq%m/~e faulting. 9F, 3T, 26R. TECTONOPHYSICS,VI6, NI-2,1973, P7187 •
~37 LE TIRAN~, P GAY, L Manual of hydraulic fracturing. Textbook. In French. EDITIONs TECHNIP, PARIS, 1973, 334P.
This is a compreheusive ~ of the field of hydraulic fracturimg as utilized in the pe~oletln imdustry. It is slm~lsr to the w ~ k by Howard and Fast ( Hydraulic Fracturim6, S.P.E. 1970) but contains extensive reference to French literature as well as Em@ldsh language work and includes considerable crigi~sl Work of the authors. The authors state that 30,000 hydraulic fractures are ix~rsttedeach year in the U.S.A. alone, with maximum depth of 5000 m. In sddltion to improvement of well yield in low and moderate permeability f ~ a t i o m s , a~d reJuvemation Of partially clogged formations, hydraulic fracturir~ is also used for creating ur~ler~rou~ storage in salt a~i in origir~lly impervious rocks. The latter is especially relevant to u ~ e r ~ r o u ~ storage of %ozic substances. In the rock mechaz~cs field, h ~ a u l i c fracturir~ is now of interest as e viable me~ho~ of in-situ stress measurement at depth (See for example the paper by Haimson in l~ess in the Proc. of the 15th S ~ s i u m on Rock Mechamics, 1973). The book discussesflulds for fract~i~g, materials for propping fractures open, design details for wells, and plann!~ a ~ execution of operations, a ~ ms,hods f ~ obtalni~g multiple fractures in a well. EstAmation of t h e e x t e n t an:l. properties of fractures obta!~l is also considered. The extent of a vertical fracture will depend upon the vertical stress, the elastic properties of the rock, the flow rate and volu~e of fluid pumped, and the pemmeability of the rock. A series of fca~a~lae are given for determimimg the extent and dimensions of fractures, includimg their derivation the mechamical properties of the rocks, the flow from the well into the rock, amd the flow in the developimg fracture. ~ of H ~ u l i c Fracturing is carefully organized amd effectively presented. It should prove to be a valuable reference to wcrkers in the field of rock mechanics. R . G o o ~ .
238 VOVK, AA INST. GEOT. MECH. AS. UKRAINE SU CH~NYI, GI MIKHALY~, AV Control of crack f c ~ t i o n in compressible rocks during blasting. 5F,7R.
MIN. ~I.VS, N6,1972, P665-668. 239 ZHURAVLEV, VI D O ~ S ~ PHYSICOTECHN. INST. SU ~ , A D DONETSK PHYSICOTECHN. INST •SU Criterion for fracture of the brittle rocks weakened by a crack umder ~mriable shear load. 3F, 16R. SOVIET MIN. SCI .VS,N6, !972, P651-660. The paper applies Griffith's theory on fracture of brittle materials to bodies umder a general threed~sior~l co~P~essive or tensile load at iDa~iDity, contalning plane cavities of zero thickness. The authors attempt to solve the three-dimensionsl l~oblem of the t h e o ~ of elasticity fcr an isotropic elastic half-space w e a k e r ~ by a plane circular crack arbitrarily orientei in the space of the principal stresses anl acted on by a varying sheer. The results can be used to assess the strer~ths of solid bodies with various stremgth parameters under tension amd comlmession amd can therafore be used to represent such phenomena as shock bumps ard rock bursts.
24o HALLBAV~%DK CHAMBER OF MINES S.A.MIN.REB.LAB.ZA WAG~R,H ~ OF M I ~ S S.A.MIN.RES.LAB.ZA COOK, NG ~ OF MINES S.A.MIN.HES.LAB.ZA Some observations comcermi~g the microscopic and mechanical behaviour of qusrtzite s~ecimens in stiff ~risxia! CCmlm~esslon tests. 16F, 2T,19R. INT.J. ROCK MECH.MIN. SCI .VlO,N6,1973, P713-726.