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Does the vasomotor system gain from ganglionic cotransmission?
85 Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) has been suggested to initiate feeding behavior. The NPY neurons innervating PVN have two origins; one from the arcuate nucleus (ARC) in the hypothalamus and the other from the brainstem autonomic nuclei such as the nucleus of solitary tract (NST). The functional diversity of the two NPY systems, however, is not well understood. In the present study, changes in NPY release in PVN and NPY contents in ARC and NST were measured in rats under different feeding conditions. NPY release was estimated by measuring extracellular NPY in the vicinity of PVN by means of push-pull perfusion. NPY release in PVN was not changed by regular nocturnal feeding. On the other hand, 24 hour fasting increased NPY release and NPY content in ARC. Subsequent food intake reduced NPY release in PVN and NPY content in ARC rapidly. NPY in NST was changed neither by fasting nor by refeeding. Under periodic feeding in which rats had free access to food only for 2 hours a day, NPY release was increased prior to daily meal and decreased after meal intake. NPY content in NST was increased before meal and decreased after meal intake, while NPY in ARC was elevated after meal intake. These findings indicate that NPY release in PVN was increased in association with an increase in appetite by fasting. The ARC-PVN system seems to be involved in appetite by a short-term fasting, while the NST-PVN system seems to be in an oscillatory appetite related to the feeding-associated feeding rhythm.
77 Diurnal Rhythm Differences During Depression, Mania and Interval in the Same Patient with a Bipolar Affeetive Disorder K. Hori, H. Uemura, K. Komori and S. Mizuno
Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan We investigated diurnal rhythm of plasma total and free MHPG, plasma cortisol and deep temperature on three different stages (depressive, manic and interval) in a bipolar patient. Obtained data were analyzed by means of single cosinor analysis. Estimated rhythm parameters (mesor, amplitude and acrophase) of the data on the three stages were compared. Data of 10 normal controls were also analyzed using population mean-cosinor analysis and parameters were compared with those of the patient. Mesor of plasma total M H P G of the patient on each stage was higher than that of the controls and the mesor on the manic stage was highest. Mesor of plasma cortisol on the manic stage was also highest.
Acrophase of plasma cortisol on the depressive stage was 4 hours earlier than that of the patients on the other stages and of the controls. All parameters of deep temperature were not different. Only on the manic stage of the patient there was significant high rank correlation between plasma total M H P G and cortisol (rs=0.84 , P<0.01). From these results we propose the possibility of hypersynchronization of noradrenergic system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenai axis on the manic stage of the patients and desynchronization of them on the depressive stage. Plasma free M H P G is now measured. 78 Does the Vasomotor System Gain from Ganglionic Cotransmission? J.P. Horn, R. Thorne and W.D. Stofer
Department of Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA The integrative function of synaptic cotransmission is being studied in bullfrog using isolated preparations of paravertebral ganglia and the aorta. The lumbar C cell system selectively innervates arteries in the hindlimb. In the ganglia, acetylcholine and LHRH are cotransmitters that mediate 3 synaptic potentials. Postganglionic C neurons co-express epinephrine and NPY. We propose that cotransmitters endow the vasomotor system with use-dependent synaptic gain. These experiments focus on innervation of the aorta because it is suitable for physiological studies. Small connective nerves run between the ganglia and aorta. DiI fills show that axons enter the aorta and form a plexus. Many intra-aortic fibers are immunoreactive for NPY. HRP backfills of connectives stain ganglionic neurons. Extracellular recordings demonstrate the presence in connectives of postganglionic B and C fibers and sensory fibers. Aortic contractions are evoked by preganglionic C, but not B, stimulation. Weak contractions evoked by short preganglionic trains ( < 50 stimuli) saturate at 1 Hz. Using long trains (up to 1000 stimuli), responses evoked at 10 Hz are stronger than those evoked at 1 Hz. Strong preganglionic stimuli applied to one chain potentiate responses evoked by weak stimuli to the contralateral side. (Supported by NIH grants NS21065 and NS01427.) 79 Neural Regulatory Mechanism of the Vasa Nervorum in the Sciatic Nerve in Rats H. Hotta l, A. Sato ~ and Y. Sato 2
1Department of Autonomic Nervous System, Tokyo Metro. Institute of Gerontology, and 2Laboratory of Physiology, Tsukuba College Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
77 Diurnal Rhythm Differences During Depression, Mania and Interval in the Same Patient with a Bipolar Affeetive Disorder K. Hori, H. Uemura, K. Komori and S. Mizuno
Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan We investigated diurnal rhythm of plasma total and free MHPG, plasma cortisol and deep temperature on three different stages (depressive, manic and interval) in a bipolar patient. Obtained data were analyzed by means of single cosinor analysis. Estimated rhythm parameters (mesor, amplitude and acrophase) of the data on the three stages were compared. Data of 10 normal controls were also analyzed using population mean-cosinor analysis and parameters were compared with those of the patient. Mesor of plasma total M H P G of the patient on each stage was higher than that of the controls and the mesor on the manic stage was highest. Mesor of plasma cortisol on the manic stage was also highest.
Acrophase of plasma cortisol on the depressive stage was 4 hours earlier than that of the patients on the other stages and of the controls. All parameters of deep temperature were not different. Only on the manic stage of the patient there was significant high rank correlation between plasma total M H P G and cortisol (rs=0.84 , P<0.01). From these results we propose the possibility of hypersynchronization of noradrenergic system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenai axis on the manic stage of the patients and desynchronization of them on the depressive stage. Plasma free M H P G is now measured. 78 Does the Vasomotor System Gain from Ganglionic Cotransmission? J.P. Horn, R. Thorne and W.D. Stofer
Department of Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA The integrative function of synaptic cotransmission is being studied in bullfrog using isolated preparations of paravertebral ganglia and the aorta. The lumbar C cell system selectively innervates arteries in the hindlimb. In the ganglia, acetylcholine and LHRH are cotransmitters that mediate 3 synaptic potentials. Postganglionic C neurons co-express epinephrine and NPY. We propose that cotransmitters endow the vasomotor system with use-dependent synaptic gain. These experiments focus on innervation of the aorta because it is suitable for physiological studies. Small connective nerves run between the ganglia and aorta. DiI fills show that axons enter the aorta and form a plexus. Many intra-aortic fibers are immunoreactive for NPY. HRP backfills of connectives stain ganglionic neurons. Extracellular recordings demonstrate the presence in connectives of postganglionic B and C fibers and sensory fibers. Aortic contractions are evoked by preganglionic C, but not B, stimulation. Weak contractions evoked by short preganglionic trains ( < 50 stimuli) saturate at 1 Hz. Using long trains (up to 1000 stimuli), responses evoked at 10 Hz are stronger than those evoked at 1 Hz. Strong preganglionic stimuli applied to one chain potentiate responses evoked by weak stimuli to the contralateral side. (Supported by NIH grants NS21065 and NS01427.) 79 Neural Regulatory Mechanism of the Vasa Nervorum in the Sciatic Nerve in Rats H. Hotta l, A. Sato ~ and Y. Sato 2
1Department of Autonomic Nervous System, Tokyo Metro. Institute of Gerontology, and 2Laboratory of Physiology, Tsukuba College Technology, Tsukuba, Japan