- Email: [email protected]
Dose asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida oleo-gum-resin) extract has relaxant effects on guinea-pig tracheal chains
S344
Abstracts
extract as reducing power showed low inhibition compared to ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and BHT with values of 53.5 ± 1.51, 93.3 ± 1.13%, 83.7 ± 1.65%, and 93.1 ± 3.46% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL respectively. Even though the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was moderate as compared to the positive controls but still it could be applied as a source of natural antioxidant in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and its biological activities could be due to the presence of phenolics and flavonoids as bioactive compounds present in the seed. Keywords: Alhagi maurorum, Antioxidant activity, Phenolic, Flavonoid, Bioactive compounds
doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.856
Poster – [A-10-851-1] Effects of ginseng on lipid profile and oxidative stress in dyslipidemic patients Manavifar Mortezaa, Fatehi Hedayatollahb, Hasanzadeh Dalooei Mahdib, Ghayour Mobarhan Majidc, Akhlaghi Saeedd, Amini Marale, Tavallaei Shimaf a Quaem Hospital, Ahmadabad St., Mashhad, Iran b Cardiovascular Research Centre, Quaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran c Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran d Faculty of Biostatistics in Health Sciences School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran e Young Researchers Club, Mashhad Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran f Bou-Ali Research Centre, Mashhad, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Morteza), [email protected] (F. Hedayatollah), [email protected] (H.D. Mahdi), [email protected] (G.M. Majid), [email protected] (A. Saeed), [email protected] (A. Maral), [email protected] (T. Shima) Introduction: Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). In recent years “novel atherosclerotic risk factors” also have been denoted like hsCRP and oxidative stress, which can become the target of preventive measures. Some studies have reported positive effect of ginseng on cardiovascular risk factors; although, there have been few studies, especially randomised trials, about its effect on human lipid profile, hsCRP and oxidative stress and the results are inconsistent. This study was designed to determine the effect of ginseng capsules on serum lipids and also on hsCRP and prooxidant anti-oxidant balance (PAB). Materials and methods: This was a double blind randomised clinical trial. Forty patients who were eligible for primary prevention of hyperlipidemia and met the rule in criteria for our study were selected and randomly assigned to case or control group and took ginseng capsules 500 mg twice daily for 8 weeks in case group, or placebo in control group, in addition to life style modification (diet and exercise) in both groups. The results were analysed with Repeated Measures ANOVA. Results: Serum levels of Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-c), Triglyceride(TG), and Total cholesterol to HDL (TC/HDL) ratio were significantly decreased in both groups. But there was no statistically important difference between the two groups for Total cholesterol (p = 0.210), LDL-c (p = 0.245), HDL-c (p = 0.827), TC/HDL ratio (p = 0.427), hsCRP (p = 0.880) and PAB (p = 0.545). Discussion: Nutrition and exercise have positive effects on lipid profile, but ginseng does not improve serum levels of Total cholesterol, LDLc, HDLc, Trigliceride, hsCRP and anti-oxidants.
Keywords: Ginseng, Lipid profile, hsCRP, Pro-oxidant anti-oxidant balance doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.857
Poster — [A-10-875-1] Cloning of tropinone reductase-II (TR-II) gene in Agrobacterium tumefacience Mitra Parsaab, Ghasemali Garoosia, Raheem Haddada a Department of Biotechnology, International University of Imam Khomein, Iran b Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Applied Science, Shahid Beheshti Univercity, Tehran, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Parsa), [email protected] (G. Garoosi), [email protected] (R. Haddad) Introduction: Two tropane alkaloids hyoscine (scopolamine) and hyoscyamine are the valuable medicines, which are extracted from solanaceae plant family such as Hyoscyamus niger. These alkalioids are used for pertussis and chronic bronchitis remedy because of their anti tension pain effects and impression on parasampatic nervous system. In tropane alkaloids synthesis pathway, tropinone as intermediate subestrate is converted to hyoscyamine and hyoscyne by tropinone reductase-I (TR-I), whereas tropinone reductase-II (TR-II) converts it compitantly to calystegines, a nontropand alkaloid. Material and method: In this research to reduce synthesis of TR-II comparative to TR-I enzyme, tr-II gene from Hyoscyamus niger was cloned in anti-sense direction in binary vector and transferred to Agrobacterium tumefacience. In this way, young roots from germinated Hyoscyamus niger seeds on B5 medium were propagated in same liquid medium supplemented with 1 μM/L IBA. Following total RNA isolation from proliferated roots, cDNA of interest gene was made and after specific PCR amplification was ligated into pBluescript phagmid. Rcombinant phagmid was transferred to E. coli, strain DH5α. Recombinant vector, following extraction from bacteria was confirmed with 3 methods, digestion, PCR and DNA sequencing. Result and conclusion: cDNA sequencing and deduced amino acid sequence of target gene from Iranian native Hyoscyamus niger indicated that it has respectively 99% and 100% similarity with recorded NCBI one's. Subsequently, interest gene was cloned in binary vector pBI121 in anti-sense direction and recombinant vector introduced into Agrobacterium tumefacience strain GV3101. Keywords: Cloning, Hyoscyamine, tr-II gene, Hyoscyamus niger, Tropinone reductase-II doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.858
Poster — [A-10-894-1] Dose asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida oleo-gum-resin) extract has relaxant effects on guinea-pig tracheal chains Zahra Gholamnezhada, Mohammad Hossein Boskabadya, Mehrdad Iranshahib, Goltaj Bayramia a Dept. of Physiology and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (Z. Gholamnezhad), [email protected] (M.H. Boskabady), [email protected] (M. Iranshahi), [email protected] (G. Bayrami) Introduction: Ferula assafoetida oleo-gum-resin (asafoetida) has been used as a folk phytomedicine for centuries in asthma treatment
Abstracts
and its relaxant effects on smooth muscle has been shown previously. In this study we examined the relaxant effects of the asafoetida on tracheal chains of guinea pigs. Materials and methods: The relaxant effects of three cumulative concentrations of the asafoetida aqueous extract (2, 5 and 10 mg/ml), theophylline and saline were examined by their effects on precontracted tracheal chains of guinea pig by 60 mM KCl (group 1), 10 μM methacholine (group 2), incubated tissues by atropine, propranolol and chlorpheniramine and contracted by KCl (group 3) and incubated tissues by propranolol and chlorpheniramine and contracted by methacholine (group 4). Results: In group 1 all concentrations of theophylline but not of the extract showed significant relaxant effects compared to that of saline (p < 0.001). In group 2, relaxant effects of all concentrations of theophylline were differ significantly from saline (p < 0.001) but they were not significant compared to that of the extract. In group 4 but not in group 3 of the experiments also all concentrations of the extract showed significant relaxant effects compared to that of saline. The relaxant effect of the extract in group 2 was significantly greater than those of group 1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results showed a potent relaxant effect for the asafoetida extract on methacholine precontracted tracheal chains of guinea pigs. A muscarinic receptor blockade was also suggested for the extract. Keywords: Ferula assafoetida, Aqueous gum extract, Relaxant effects, Guinea pig, Tracheal chains
doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.859
Poster — [A-10-896-1] Effects of olive leaves extract on LDL oxidation induced-CuSO4 in vitro Shahrokh Bagheri, Hassan Ahmadvand Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S. Bagheri), [email protected] (H. Ahmadvand) Introduction: Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The use of some compound in dietary food stuff may lead to the inhibition of production of oxidized LDL and may decrease both the development and the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Olive leaves ethanol extract (OLE) on LDL oxidation induced-CuSO4 quantitatively in vitro. Methods: Low-density lipoprotein was incubated with CuSO4 and the formation of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Inhibition of this Cu-induced oxidation was studied in the presence of vitamin E and various concentration of OLE. Results: It was demonstrated that OLE reduced the formation of conjugated dienes and TBARS of LDL against oxidation in vitro (P< 0.05). The inhibitory effects of the OLE on LDL oxidation was dosedependent at concentrations ranging from (2 μg/ml) to (200 μg/ml). Moreover, we compared effects of OLE on LDL oxidation with vitamin E as positive control. Conclusion: This study showed that OLE is a source of potent antioxidants and prevented the oxidation of LDL in vitro and it may be suitable for use in food and pharmaceutical applications. Keywords: Olive leaves extract and Low-density lipoprotein oxidation doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.860
S345
Poster – [A-10-971-1] Effect of aqueous-ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats Khajavi Rad Abolfazla, Ebrahimzade Bideskan Alirezab, Shafiee Somayeha, Mohammadiyan Roshan Namac, Rajaee Zibaa, Alavinezhad Azama, Havakhah Shahrzada, Hoseinian Saraa, Shahraki Samiraa a Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran b Department of Histology and Anatomy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran c Department of Pathology, Gaem Hospital, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (K.R. Abolfazl), [email protected] (E.B. Alireza), [email protected] (S. Somayeh), [email protected] (M.R. Nama), [email protected] (R. Ziba), [email protected] (A. Azam), [email protected] (H. Shahrzad), [email protected] (H. Sara), [email protected] (S. Samira) Introduction: Cisplatin is commonly used in the treatment of various tumors including testicular, bladder, ovary, head, neck and cervix. One of the most important complications of cisplatin is renal toxicity that is caused by inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, necrosis and apoptosis in tubular cells. Since the black seed has wellknown anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, in this study, effects of Nigella sativa on cisplatin-induced renal toxicity were evaluated. Method: 36 rats were randomly divided into six groups. In treatment groups 70% aqueous-alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa at 100 and 200 mg/kg BW 1 h before cisplatin (6 mg/kg BW) injection in five consecutive days were injected intraperitoneally. Blood sampling from retro-orbital sinus and urine collection by using metabolic cage were performed on days 0 and 6. Measurements of urine and serum urea, creatinine, glucose, sodium and 24-hour urine output were then carried out. Results: Cisplatin group showed a significant increase in blood concentration of urea and creatinine but reduction in urine concentration of creatinine and urea compared with the control group and groups that received Nigella sativa extract without cisplatin. Urinary sodium and glucose concentrations increased significantly in cisplatin group compared with the control as well as treated groups with extract without cisplatin. However, groups treated with cisplatin + extract did not show a significant change in comparison with the cisplatin group. Conclusion: The current study was not able to show a beneficial action of Nigella sativa aqueous-ethanolic extract on cisplatininduced kidney toxicity. However, further studies are recommended to clarify black seed effect on kidney injury illicited by cisplatin. Keywords: Acute renal failure, Cisplatin, Nigella sativa doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.861
Poster — [A-10-994-1] Effect of licorice components on the maturation and activation of mouse dendritic cells Narges Bordbar Shiraz Univercity of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran E-mail address: [email protected] Introduction: Glycyrrhizin and it's aglycon 18 alpha and 18 beta glycyrrhetinic acid are the main active compounds of Glycyrrhiza glabra root that has been used medicinally for more than 4000 years.
Abstracts
extract as reducing power showed low inhibition compared to ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and BHT with values of 53.5 ± 1.51, 93.3 ± 1.13%, 83.7 ± 1.65%, and 93.1 ± 3.46% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL respectively. Even though the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was moderate as compared to the positive controls but still it could be applied as a source of natural antioxidant in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and its biological activities could be due to the presence of phenolics and flavonoids as bioactive compounds present in the seed. Keywords: Alhagi maurorum, Antioxidant activity, Phenolic, Flavonoid, Bioactive compounds
doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.856
Poster – [A-10-851-1] Effects of ginseng on lipid profile and oxidative stress in dyslipidemic patients Manavifar Mortezaa, Fatehi Hedayatollahb, Hasanzadeh Dalooei Mahdib, Ghayour Mobarhan Majidc, Akhlaghi Saeedd, Amini Marale, Tavallaei Shimaf a Quaem Hospital, Ahmadabad St., Mashhad, Iran b Cardiovascular Research Centre, Quaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran c Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran d Faculty of Biostatistics in Health Sciences School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran e Young Researchers Club, Mashhad Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran f Bou-Ali Research Centre, Mashhad, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Morteza), [email protected] (F. Hedayatollah), [email protected] (H.D. Mahdi), [email protected] (G.M. Majid), [email protected] (A. Saeed), [email protected] (A. Maral), [email protected] (T. Shima) Introduction: Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). In recent years “novel atherosclerotic risk factors” also have been denoted like hsCRP and oxidative stress, which can become the target of preventive measures. Some studies have reported positive effect of ginseng on cardiovascular risk factors; although, there have been few studies, especially randomised trials, about its effect on human lipid profile, hsCRP and oxidative stress and the results are inconsistent. This study was designed to determine the effect of ginseng capsules on serum lipids and also on hsCRP and prooxidant anti-oxidant balance (PAB). Materials and methods: This was a double blind randomised clinical trial. Forty patients who were eligible for primary prevention of hyperlipidemia and met the rule in criteria for our study were selected and randomly assigned to case or control group and took ginseng capsules 500 mg twice daily for 8 weeks in case group, or placebo in control group, in addition to life style modification (diet and exercise) in both groups. The results were analysed with Repeated Measures ANOVA. Results: Serum levels of Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-c), Triglyceride(TG), and Total cholesterol to HDL (TC/HDL) ratio were significantly decreased in both groups. But there was no statistically important difference between the two groups for Total cholesterol (p = 0.210), LDL-c (p = 0.245), HDL-c (p = 0.827), TC/HDL ratio (p = 0.427), hsCRP (p = 0.880) and PAB (p = 0.545). Discussion: Nutrition and exercise have positive effects on lipid profile, but ginseng does not improve serum levels of Total cholesterol, LDLc, HDLc, Trigliceride, hsCRP and anti-oxidants.
Keywords: Ginseng, Lipid profile, hsCRP, Pro-oxidant anti-oxidant balance doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.857
Poster — [A-10-875-1] Cloning of tropinone reductase-II (TR-II) gene in Agrobacterium tumefacience Mitra Parsaab, Ghasemali Garoosia, Raheem Haddada a Department of Biotechnology, International University of Imam Khomein, Iran b Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Applied Science, Shahid Beheshti Univercity, Tehran, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M. Parsa), [email protected] (G. Garoosi), [email protected] (R. Haddad) Introduction: Two tropane alkaloids hyoscine (scopolamine) and hyoscyamine are the valuable medicines, which are extracted from solanaceae plant family such as Hyoscyamus niger. These alkalioids are used for pertussis and chronic bronchitis remedy because of their anti tension pain effects and impression on parasampatic nervous system. In tropane alkaloids synthesis pathway, tropinone as intermediate subestrate is converted to hyoscyamine and hyoscyne by tropinone reductase-I (TR-I), whereas tropinone reductase-II (TR-II) converts it compitantly to calystegines, a nontropand alkaloid. Material and method: In this research to reduce synthesis of TR-II comparative to TR-I enzyme, tr-II gene from Hyoscyamus niger was cloned in anti-sense direction in binary vector and transferred to Agrobacterium tumefacience. In this way, young roots from germinated Hyoscyamus niger seeds on B5 medium were propagated in same liquid medium supplemented with 1 μM/L IBA. Following total RNA isolation from proliferated roots, cDNA of interest gene was made and after specific PCR amplification was ligated into pBluescript phagmid. Rcombinant phagmid was transferred to E. coli, strain DH5α. Recombinant vector, following extraction from bacteria was confirmed with 3 methods, digestion, PCR and DNA sequencing. Result and conclusion: cDNA sequencing and deduced amino acid sequence of target gene from Iranian native Hyoscyamus niger indicated that it has respectively 99% and 100% similarity with recorded NCBI one's. Subsequently, interest gene was cloned in binary vector pBI121 in anti-sense direction and recombinant vector introduced into Agrobacterium tumefacience strain GV3101. Keywords: Cloning, Hyoscyamine, tr-II gene, Hyoscyamus niger, Tropinone reductase-II doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.858
Poster — [A-10-894-1] Dose asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida oleo-gum-resin) extract has relaxant effects on guinea-pig tracheal chains Zahra Gholamnezhada, Mohammad Hossein Boskabadya, Mehrdad Iranshahib, Goltaj Bayramia a Dept. of Physiology and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (Z. Gholamnezhad), [email protected] (M.H. Boskabady), [email protected] (M. Iranshahi), [email protected] (G. Bayrami) Introduction: Ferula assafoetida oleo-gum-resin (asafoetida) has been used as a folk phytomedicine for centuries in asthma treatment
Abstracts
and its relaxant effects on smooth muscle has been shown previously. In this study we examined the relaxant effects of the asafoetida on tracheal chains of guinea pigs. Materials and methods: The relaxant effects of three cumulative concentrations of the asafoetida aqueous extract (2, 5 and 10 mg/ml), theophylline and saline were examined by their effects on precontracted tracheal chains of guinea pig by 60 mM KCl (group 1), 10 μM methacholine (group 2), incubated tissues by atropine, propranolol and chlorpheniramine and contracted by KCl (group 3) and incubated tissues by propranolol and chlorpheniramine and contracted by methacholine (group 4). Results: In group 1 all concentrations of theophylline but not of the extract showed significant relaxant effects compared to that of saline (p < 0.001). In group 2, relaxant effects of all concentrations of theophylline were differ significantly from saline (p < 0.001) but they were not significant compared to that of the extract. In group 4 but not in group 3 of the experiments also all concentrations of the extract showed significant relaxant effects compared to that of saline. The relaxant effect of the extract in group 2 was significantly greater than those of group 1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results showed a potent relaxant effect for the asafoetida extract on methacholine precontracted tracheal chains of guinea pigs. A muscarinic receptor blockade was also suggested for the extract. Keywords: Ferula assafoetida, Aqueous gum extract, Relaxant effects, Guinea pig, Tracheal chains
doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.859
Poster — [A-10-896-1] Effects of olive leaves extract on LDL oxidation induced-CuSO4 in vitro Shahrokh Bagheri, Hassan Ahmadvand Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S. Bagheri), [email protected] (H. Ahmadvand) Introduction: Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The use of some compound in dietary food stuff may lead to the inhibition of production of oxidized LDL and may decrease both the development and the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Olive leaves ethanol extract (OLE) on LDL oxidation induced-CuSO4 quantitatively in vitro. Methods: Low-density lipoprotein was incubated with CuSO4 and the formation of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Inhibition of this Cu-induced oxidation was studied in the presence of vitamin E and various concentration of OLE. Results: It was demonstrated that OLE reduced the formation of conjugated dienes and TBARS of LDL against oxidation in vitro (P< 0.05). The inhibitory effects of the OLE on LDL oxidation was dosedependent at concentrations ranging from (2 μg/ml) to (200 μg/ml). Moreover, we compared effects of OLE on LDL oxidation with vitamin E as positive control. Conclusion: This study showed that OLE is a source of potent antioxidants and prevented the oxidation of LDL in vitro and it may be suitable for use in food and pharmaceutical applications. Keywords: Olive leaves extract and Low-density lipoprotein oxidation doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.860
S345
Poster – [A-10-971-1] Effect of aqueous-ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats Khajavi Rad Abolfazla, Ebrahimzade Bideskan Alirezab, Shafiee Somayeha, Mohammadiyan Roshan Namac, Rajaee Zibaa, Alavinezhad Azama, Havakhah Shahrzada, Hoseinian Saraa, Shahraki Samiraa a Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran b Department of Histology and Anatomy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran c Department of Pathology, Gaem Hospital, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (K.R. Abolfazl), [email protected] (E.B. Alireza), [email protected] (S. Somayeh), [email protected] (M.R. Nama), [email protected] (R. Ziba), [email protected] (A. Azam), [email protected] (H. Shahrzad), [email protected] (H. Sara), [email protected] (S. Samira) Introduction: Cisplatin is commonly used in the treatment of various tumors including testicular, bladder, ovary, head, neck and cervix. One of the most important complications of cisplatin is renal toxicity that is caused by inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, necrosis and apoptosis in tubular cells. Since the black seed has wellknown anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, in this study, effects of Nigella sativa on cisplatin-induced renal toxicity were evaluated. Method: 36 rats were randomly divided into six groups. In treatment groups 70% aqueous-alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa at 100 and 200 mg/kg BW 1 h before cisplatin (6 mg/kg BW) injection in five consecutive days were injected intraperitoneally. Blood sampling from retro-orbital sinus and urine collection by using metabolic cage were performed on days 0 and 6. Measurements of urine and serum urea, creatinine, glucose, sodium and 24-hour urine output were then carried out. Results: Cisplatin group showed a significant increase in blood concentration of urea and creatinine but reduction in urine concentration of creatinine and urea compared with the control group and groups that received Nigella sativa extract without cisplatin. Urinary sodium and glucose concentrations increased significantly in cisplatin group compared with the control as well as treated groups with extract without cisplatin. However, groups treated with cisplatin + extract did not show a significant change in comparison with the cisplatin group. Conclusion: The current study was not able to show a beneficial action of Nigella sativa aqueous-ethanolic extract on cisplatininduced kidney toxicity. However, further studies are recommended to clarify black seed effect on kidney injury illicited by cisplatin. Keywords: Acute renal failure, Cisplatin, Nigella sativa doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.861
Poster — [A-10-994-1] Effect of licorice components on the maturation and activation of mouse dendritic cells Narges Bordbar Shiraz Univercity of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran E-mail address: [email protected] Introduction: Glycyrrhizin and it's aglycon 18 alpha and 18 beta glycyrrhetinic acid are the main active compounds of Glycyrrhiza glabra root that has been used medicinally for more than 4000 years.