Double-sensitivity temperature sensor based on excitation intensity ratio of Eu3+ doped phosphate glass ceramic

Journal Pre-proof Double-sensitivity temperature sensor based on excitation intensity ratio of Eu3+ doped phosphate glass ceramic Liyu Hao, Manting Pei, Tie Yang, Chengguo Ming

PII:

S0030-4026(20)30022-X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164188

Reference:

IJLEO 164188

To appear in:

Optik

Received Date:

14 March 2019

Revised Date:

27 November 2019

Accepted Date:

6 January 2020

Please cite this article as: Hao L, Pei M, Yang T, Ming C, Double-sensitivity temperature sensor based on excitation intensity ratio of Eu3+ doped phosphate glass ceramic, Optik (2020), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164188

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Double-sensitivity temperature sensor based on excitation intensity ratio of Eu3+ doped phosphate glass ceramic

Liyu Hao,1 1School

Manting Pei,2 Tie Yang,1 Chengguo Ming2,

of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China

2Physics

Department, School of Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology，Tianjin 300457, China

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Abstract By high-temperature melting method and thermal treatment technology, the 3+ Eu doped phosphate glass ceramic was prepared. The sample’s excitation spectra monitored at 646nm were measured at different temperatures. The excitation intensity ratios of the I(7F1)/I(7F0) and I(7F2)/I(7F0) is related to the sample temperature. Based on the excitation intensity ratios of the I(7F1)/I(7F0) and I(7F2)/I(7F0), the maximal relative sensitivities are about 0.00089K-1 and 0.00196K-1, and the corresponding temperatures are about ~162 and ~450K, respectively. Our research is valuable to explore optical temperature sensor. Keywords: Luminescence; Phosphate; Sensor 1. Introduction

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Rear-earth ion doping materials have been widely studied because of the excellent optical characters [1-9]. They have revealed the potential application on white

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light-emitting diode, optical imaging, colors display, solid lasers, and so on [10-15]. In recent years, the optical temperature sensor based on the fluorescence intensity ratio of rear-earth ion doping materials had been explored [16-21]. It is very important

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for the optical temperature sensor based on florescence intensity ratio that the energy difference between thermally coupled levels is appropriate, and the intensities of the

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emissions are stronger. To explore excellent luminescence temperature sensor, the Eu3+ doped materials had widely been studied. Based on the luminescent intensity ratio between 5D1-7F1 and 5D0-7F1, the optical characters of the materials had been discussed[19, 20]. The energy gap between 5D1 and 5D0 is about 1725cm-1. The sensitivity of the fluorescence sensor depends on the energy difference. The large 

E-mail: [email protected] Tel:+86-22-2350-3620, Fax: +86-22-2350-1743

energy difference can brings about the high sensitivity in the high temperature. However, the small energy difference can causes the high sensitivity in the low temperature. For Eu3+ ion, the energy level gaps of 7F1-7F0 and 7F2-7F0 are ~350 cm-1 and ~1000 cm-1. The phonon energy of phosphate glass ceramic is higher (~1200cm-1)[21], therefore the phonon assisted transition is stronger between two energies with small energy gap. Based on boltzmann's distribution, the population of 7

F0, 7F1, and 7F2 states are sensitive to the temperature. Comparing the phosphate

glass and phosphate glass ceramic, the glass ceramic have excellent optical character,

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good chemical and thermal stability. Therefore, we chose the phosphate glass ceramic as the host. In this paper, we studied the excitation spectra of the Eu3+ ion doped

phosphate glass ceramic, and explored the optical temperature sensor based on the excitation intensity ratio.

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2. Experimental

The 60P2O5-30MgO-8Al2O3-2Eu2O3 (wt%) glass was prepared by the

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high-temperature melting method. NH4H2PO4, MgCO3, Al2O3, and Eu2O3 were chosen as the raw materials. The detailed preparation technology was seen in

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reference [7]. To obtain glass ceramic, the precursor phosphate glass was heated at 850K for 8h. The excitation and emission spectra were recorded with a HORIBA

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Fluorolog-3 luminescence spectrometer (Horiba Jobin Yvon, Edison, USA) under the excitation of a xenon lamp (model Xe900). The spectral resolution of the excitation and emission spectra is 0.5nm. The spectral resolution of luminescence

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spectrometer is 0.1nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) was obtained by a Bruker AXSB8 Discover model using CuKα radiation (λ=0.154nm).

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3. Results and discussion

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Fig.1 XRD of the phosphate glass ceramic

Fig.1 is the XRD of the phosphate glass ceramic. The sharp diffraction peaks can be observed, which are due to the reflections of AlP3O9, seen in Fig.1. The results

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show that the amorphous glass has been crystallized after annealing at 850K for 8h.

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Fig.2 Excitation spectra of the Eu3+ doped phosphate glass ceramic at the temperature of 300K and 600K, The inset is the energy level diagram of Eu3+ ion

Fig.2 is the excitation spectra monitored at 646nm of the Eu3+ doped phosphate

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glass ceramic at 300K and 600K. The excitation peaks at 574nm, 587nm, and 612nm should come from the transitions of Eu3+ ions: 7F0→5D0, 7F1→5D0 and 7F2→5D0, respectively. The energy diagram of Eu3+ ion is shown in the inset of Fig.1. The energy gap between 7F0 to 7F1 is about 265cm-1(the value is 376cm-1 in tellurite glass, seen in reference[20] ), and the energy gap between 7F0 to 7F2 is about 961cm-1(the values are 936, 639, 663cm-1 in tellurite glass, ZrO2 and TiO2, seen in reference[20, 22] ), which are obtained from the excitation spectra.

The relative population of two levels should follow a Boltzmann-type population distribution. The excitation intensity ratio of the emissions can be described as equation (1).

R

I1 N 1 g 1 1 1  E 1 2  E    Exp    CExp   I 2 N 2 g 2 2 2  kT   kT 

1 2

(1)

Where I, N, g, σ, ω are the excitation intensity, the population number, the degeneracy, the excitation cross-section, and the angular frequency of the excitation emission, ΔΕ12 is the energy gap, T is the absolute temperature of the sample. The

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pre-exponential constant is given by C=g1σ1ω1/ g2σ2ω2. By fitting experimental data, the excitation intensity ratios of I(7F1)/I(7F0) and I(7F2)/I(7F0) had been obtained and indicated as follows.

R1 

I7 F

1

I7 F

 0 . 9 7 e x p ( - 4 7 0 . 8 / T ) (1-1)

I7 F

2

I7 F

 1 . 0 1 e x p ( - 1 0 5 2 . 8 / (1-2) T)

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R2 

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0

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0

Fig.3 Monolog plots of the excitation intensity ratio as a function of inverse absolute temperature

The monolog plots of the excitation intensity ratios of I(7F1)/I(7F0) and I(7F2)/ I(7F0) as a function of inverse absolute temperature in the temperature range of 297-850K are shown in Fig.3. The slopes of the straight lines are about 470.8 and

1052.8, which are indicated in Fig.3. The relative sensitivity SR and the absolute sensitivity SA can be defined as the formulas (2) and (3)[23]. SR 

dR  E   R 2  dT  kT 

(2)

SA 

1 dR E  R dT kT 2

(3)

Fig.4 is the corresponding resultant curve of the relative sensitivity. According to the curve, it is very clear that the sensitivities based on the excitation intensity ratio of I(7F1)/I(7F0) and I(7F2)/I(7F0) are different. The relative sensitivity of I(7F1)/I(7F0) is

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higher in the lower temperature range from 100K to 505K. However, the relative

sensitivity of I(7F2)/I(7F0) is higher in the high temperature range from 505K to 850K. The maximal relative sensitivities , the corresponding sensitive temperatures, and the

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absolute sensitivities at the sensitive temperature are shown in Table 1.

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Fig.4 Sensor relative sensitivity as a function of the temperature Table1 Maximal relative sensitivity, corresponding sensitive temperature and absolute sensitivities at the sensitive temperature of the sensors based on the excitation intensity ratio of I(7F1)/I(7F0) and I(7F2)/I(7F0)

I(7F1)/I(7F0) I(7F2)/ I(7F0)

Sensitive temperature ~162K ~450K

Maximal relative sensitivity ~0.00089 K-1 ~0.00196K-1

Absolute sensitivities 0.01038K-1 0.00343K-1

4. Conclusion The phosphate glass ceramic doped with Eu3+ ion was prepared by using high

temperature melting method and heat treatment process. At different temperature, the excitation spectra monitored at 646nm of the sample in the 570-630nm wavelength region were measured. We found that the excitation intensity ratios of the I(7F1)/I(7F0) and I(7F2)/I(7F0) depend on the temperature. Based on the excitation intensity ratios of the I(7F1)/I(7F0) and I(7F2)/I(7F0), the maximal relative sensitivities are about 0.00089K-1 and 0.00196K-1 , and the corresponding temperatures are about ~162K and ~450K, respectively. The sensitivity of I(7F1)/I(7F0) and I(7F2)/I(7F0) are higher in the lower and higher temperature, respectively. The fact give us a flexible alternative

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to measure the matter temperature by optical temperature sensor based on the excitation ratio of Eu3+ ion doped phosphate glass ceramic. Our research will be help

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for developing the optical temperature sensor.

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