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DR. MARCHIAFAVA ON THE SOBRIETY OF ITALY'S SOLDIERS.
187
explorer, Dr. Filippo De Filippi in the expeditions in Alaska, Monte S. Elia, and Karakoram led by the Duke of the Abruzzi, whose experience was that alcohol was systematically ignored, not only as, in the last resort, mischievous but, even "Ne quid nimis." temporarily, positively distasteful. On every ground, therefore, of individual conviction and of daily DR. MARCHIAFAVA ON THE SOBRIETY OF practice, the Italian soldier is no lover of strong ITALY’S SOLDIERS. drink, finding, as Dr. Marchiafava puts on record, ONE of our Italian correspondents writes on that a good cup of coffee, taken in the morning or ..uly 15th :-To lie without deceiving, according to even in the afternoon, is the best of stimulants "the French diplomatist, is one of those blunders bracing him to those feats of daring which have which are worse than crimes, and the recent phases redounded to his honour, whether on the Julian ]f Austro-German policy are rich in confirmation Alps or in the Istrian Triangle. The official press of the Dual of the aphorism. Monarchy furnishes the latest instance in pointTHE STANDARD MEAL IN INTESTINAL RADIOLOGY. the Correspondenz Bureau " committing itself to uhe assertion that drunkenness is a vice of the THE Section of Electro-Therapeutics of the Royal Italian soldier, impelling him to " methods of of Medicine appointed earlier in the year a Society barbarism " such as mutilating the dead and killing subcommittee to consider and to recommend a the dying on the stricken field. The calumny-for standard opaque meal for radiographic examination such it is-has, like its analogue, the poisoned gas, of the canal. The following report has alimentary recoiled on its disseminators and brought into lurid now been adopted :relief the atrocities of the Austro-German linesmen, (1) The standard meal should consist of either atrocities substantiated by an impartial commission, and milk, or porridge (Note 1). bread atrocities, moreover, committed in cold blood withThe total bulk of the meal should be about (2) out the plea of drunkenness to account for them. half a pint. The Senator, Dr. Marchiafava-well known as a (3) The meal should be mixed with 2 oz. of veteran clinician in the Roman school and as barium sulphate or 2 oz. of bismuth oxychloride Vatican-has " Consultant Extraordinary"at the found time to reply to the Austrian accusa- (Note 2). (4) The meal should be taken as nearly as tion, and in an interesting paper to prove on an empty stomach. by statistics, recent as well’ as remote, that possible No (5) aperient or other medicine should be neither intemperance nor alcoholism has ever been a vice of the Italian soldier, and that, if it taken within thirty-six hours of the first examinaand if the bowels are not opened naturally, an prevailed in the armies of the later, or the lower, tion, enema should be given on the morning of the Empire, it was all but entirely confined to the examination. northern or non-Italian divisions of the Imperial forces. It is, indeed, to come to recent times, Note 1.-( A) Preparation of bread and milk : 2 oz. of white bread, without crust, cut into small cubes, are placed a commonplace in the history of the Napoleonic in the bowl from which the meal is to be taken. 8 oz. of campaigns, that of all the contingents of the ordinary or malted milk are boiled in a separate vessel with Grande Armée the Italian was singularly free from 2 oz. of bismuth oxychloride or 2 oz. of barium sulphate ; this the vice of intoxication, Baron Larrey, surgeon- mixture is stirred and poured over the bread. Sugar is added general of the said army, setting forth in his to taste. memorable report that the 10,000 Neapolitans under (B) Preparation of porridge: 7 oz. of porridge made from Murat were at once the most temperate, and, the finest oatmeal are mixed with 2 oz. of bismuth oxyin a military sense, the most effective, of all chloride or 2 oz. of barium sulphate, and sufficient milk to the total bulk up to 10 oz. The patient adds as much Napoleon’s troops in his disastrous retreat from make brown sugar as he likes. Moscow. That honourable record was maintained Note 2.-(A) Bismuth carbonate neutralises about 22 per under the Italian Force La by Expeditionary cent. of the free acids of the stomach, but there is no evoluMarmora in the Crimea (1854-5), and, not only in tion of gas, as the carbon dioxide is dissolved as rapidly as it Abyssinia and Libya was the national sobriety is produced (H. Finnemore and A. E. Barclay). The conspicuous both in camp and quarters, but, in the reduction in the acidity of the gastric contents tends to day now passing, Dr. Marchiafava can adduce reduce the motor activity of the stomach and to interfere evidence from correspondents, medical and com- with the normal action of the pylorus. (B) (i) Bismuth oxychloride is slightly more opaque to the batant, at the front and in the fighting-line, that abuse of alcohol is unknown. " We are always," X rays than bismuth carbonate (R. Morton). (ii) Bismuth oxychloride is about one and a half times as opaque to the writes one of these officers to him, "in Austrian X rays as an equal weight, and twice as opaque as an equal territory at an altitude of 1800 metres above bulk, of barium sulphate (R. Morton). sea-level enjoying the purest air, though it rains Note 3.-Barium sulphate is preferable, at any rate for every day and we are often shrouded in mist. But hospital use, as it is very much cheaper than bismuth oxywhen the sky is clear, how enchanting the view ! chloride and equally good for radiographic examinations. By Our cuisine is’hygienic,’ and we are fortunate in using barium sulphate, Guy’s Hospital has saved about £ 50 having, quite near us, a fine spring of water, limpid, per annum. fresh, and sparkling, imbibed by us officers and our The observations in regard to the advantages of men with pure delight." Not a word of wine, employing barium sulphate are of interest. As is remarks Dr. Marchiafava, while his correspondent shown, it is much more economical than the refers to coffee and tea as the beverage between bismuth salts, but it is important that the barium meals. The formations known as the Alpini, sulphate should be absolutely free from soluble which have acquitted themselves so brilliantly in barium salts, which, as is well kuown, are decidedly carrying position after position on precipitous poisonous. The report is signed by Dr. A. E. Barclay, ground, are abstainers in the strictest sense, their Dr. A. F. Hertz, Dr. Reginald Morton, and Dr. S. officers sharing the precept and practice of the army Gilbert Scott. medical
Annotations.
"
"
explorer, Dr. Filippo De Filippi in the expeditions in Alaska, Monte S. Elia, and Karakoram led by the Duke of the Abruzzi, whose experience was that alcohol was systematically ignored, not only as, in the last resort, mischievous but, even "Ne quid nimis." temporarily, positively distasteful. On every ground, therefore, of individual conviction and of daily DR. MARCHIAFAVA ON THE SOBRIETY OF practice, the Italian soldier is no lover of strong ITALY’S SOLDIERS. drink, finding, as Dr. Marchiafava puts on record, ONE of our Italian correspondents writes on that a good cup of coffee, taken in the morning or ..uly 15th :-To lie without deceiving, according to even in the afternoon, is the best of stimulants "the French diplomatist, is one of those blunders bracing him to those feats of daring which have which are worse than crimes, and the recent phases redounded to his honour, whether on the Julian ]f Austro-German policy are rich in confirmation Alps or in the Istrian Triangle. The official press of the Dual of the aphorism. Monarchy furnishes the latest instance in pointTHE STANDARD MEAL IN INTESTINAL RADIOLOGY. the Correspondenz Bureau " committing itself to uhe assertion that drunkenness is a vice of the THE Section of Electro-Therapeutics of the Royal Italian soldier, impelling him to " methods of of Medicine appointed earlier in the year a Society barbarism " such as mutilating the dead and killing subcommittee to consider and to recommend a the dying on the stricken field. The calumny-for standard opaque meal for radiographic examination such it is-has, like its analogue, the poisoned gas, of the canal. The following report has alimentary recoiled on its disseminators and brought into lurid now been adopted :relief the atrocities of the Austro-German linesmen, (1) The standard meal should consist of either atrocities substantiated by an impartial commission, and milk, or porridge (Note 1). bread atrocities, moreover, committed in cold blood withThe total bulk of the meal should be about (2) out the plea of drunkenness to account for them. half a pint. The Senator, Dr. Marchiafava-well known as a (3) The meal should be mixed with 2 oz. of veteran clinician in the Roman school and as barium sulphate or 2 oz. of bismuth oxychloride Vatican-has " Consultant Extraordinary"at the found time to reply to the Austrian accusa- (Note 2). (4) The meal should be taken as nearly as tion, and in an interesting paper to prove on an empty stomach. by statistics, recent as well’ as remote, that possible No (5) aperient or other medicine should be neither intemperance nor alcoholism has ever been a vice of the Italian soldier, and that, if it taken within thirty-six hours of the first examinaand if the bowels are not opened naturally, an prevailed in the armies of the later, or the lower, tion, enema should be given on the morning of the Empire, it was all but entirely confined to the examination. northern or non-Italian divisions of the Imperial forces. It is, indeed, to come to recent times, Note 1.-( A) Preparation of bread and milk : 2 oz. of white bread, without crust, cut into small cubes, are placed a commonplace in the history of the Napoleonic in the bowl from which the meal is to be taken. 8 oz. of campaigns, that of all the contingents of the ordinary or malted milk are boiled in a separate vessel with Grande Armée the Italian was singularly free from 2 oz. of bismuth oxychloride or 2 oz. of barium sulphate ; this the vice of intoxication, Baron Larrey, surgeon- mixture is stirred and poured over the bread. Sugar is added general of the said army, setting forth in his to taste. memorable report that the 10,000 Neapolitans under (B) Preparation of porridge: 7 oz. of porridge made from Murat were at once the most temperate, and, the finest oatmeal are mixed with 2 oz. of bismuth oxyin a military sense, the most effective, of all chloride or 2 oz. of barium sulphate, and sufficient milk to the total bulk up to 10 oz. The patient adds as much Napoleon’s troops in his disastrous retreat from make brown sugar as he likes. Moscow. That honourable record was maintained Note 2.-(A) Bismuth carbonate neutralises about 22 per under the Italian Force La by Expeditionary cent. of the free acids of the stomach, but there is no evoluMarmora in the Crimea (1854-5), and, not only in tion of gas, as the carbon dioxide is dissolved as rapidly as it Abyssinia and Libya was the national sobriety is produced (H. Finnemore and A. E. Barclay). The conspicuous both in camp and quarters, but, in the reduction in the acidity of the gastric contents tends to day now passing, Dr. Marchiafava can adduce reduce the motor activity of the stomach and to interfere evidence from correspondents, medical and com- with the normal action of the pylorus. (B) (i) Bismuth oxychloride is slightly more opaque to the batant, at the front and in the fighting-line, that abuse of alcohol is unknown. " We are always," X rays than bismuth carbonate (R. Morton). (ii) Bismuth oxychloride is about one and a half times as opaque to the writes one of these officers to him, "in Austrian X rays as an equal weight, and twice as opaque as an equal territory at an altitude of 1800 metres above bulk, of barium sulphate (R. Morton). sea-level enjoying the purest air, though it rains Note 3.-Barium sulphate is preferable, at any rate for every day and we are often shrouded in mist. But hospital use, as it is very much cheaper than bismuth oxywhen the sky is clear, how enchanting the view ! chloride and equally good for radiographic examinations. By Our cuisine is’hygienic,’ and we are fortunate in using barium sulphate, Guy’s Hospital has saved about £ 50 having, quite near us, a fine spring of water, limpid, per annum. fresh, and sparkling, imbibed by us officers and our The observations in regard to the advantages of men with pure delight." Not a word of wine, employing barium sulphate are of interest. As is remarks Dr. Marchiafava, while his correspondent shown, it is much more economical than the refers to coffee and tea as the beverage between bismuth salts, but it is important that the barium meals. The formations known as the Alpini, sulphate should be absolutely free from soluble which have acquitted themselves so brilliantly in barium salts, which, as is well kuown, are decidedly carrying position after position on precipitous poisonous. The report is signed by Dr. A. E. Barclay, ground, are abstainers in the strictest sense, their Dr. A. F. Hertz, Dr. Reginald Morton, and Dr. S. officers sharing the precept and practice of the army Gilbert Scott. medical
Annotations.
"
"