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Duo Triangle Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna Analysis for WiMAX Lower Band Application
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
International Conference on Computational Intelligence: Modeling Techniques and Applications (CIMTA) 2013
Duo Triangle Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna Analysis for WiMAX lower band Application Stuti Srivastavaa, Vinod Kumar Singha, bAshutosh Kumar Singh and Zakir Alic* b
a S.R.Group of Institutions, Jhansi, India Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India c I.E.T., Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India
Abstract This paper presents the increase in bandwidth of a microstrip antenna using a duo triangle shaped probe-fed patch. The main aim of the paper is to obtain a wideband microstrip antenna with reduced size. The dual bandwidth of 7.68% and 36.56% covering the range from 1.745-1.884GHz and 2.229-3.226 GHz has been achieved. The dimension and position of the duo-triangular patch as well as the shifting of probe-feed coordinates have been optimized to achieve the wide bandwidth. The proposed patch antenna is designed and all the parameters are simulated on the Zeland IE3D software.
© Publishedby byElsevier ElsevierLtd. Ltd. © 2013 2013 The Authors. Authors. Published Selection and and peer-review peer-review under responsibility of the University Selection University of of Kalyani, Kalyani, Department Departmentof ofComputer ComputerScience Science&&Engineering. Engineering Keywords: Probe feed;Wideband;WiMax and patch antenna.
1. Introduction Electromagnetic spectrum is one of the greatest natural resource for the mankind, and an antenna has been instrumental in harnessing this resource. Hence, an antenna finds an important role in creating a communication link in today’s modern communication industry. In the race to become a popular science, all compact and portable communication equipments are in need of an antenna of good shape and design to let them connect to the everywhere available wireless connections[14,15,16,17,18,19]. Wireless connections such as, GSM (850 MHz / 1.9 GHz), Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), LTE (700 MHz), Bluetooth (2.4 GHz), GPS (1.575 GHz), WiMAX (2.495-2.695 GHz). Microstrip Patch antennas are being studied extensively from past many years because of its low profile structure,
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: +91-9452214800; fax +91-510-2472049.
E-mail address:[email protected]
2212-0173 © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the University of Kalyani, Department of Computer Science & Engineering doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.395
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
light weight and low cost[1,2,3,4]. These are compatible with MMIC designs and are mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces. Using PCB technology here, it is easy to install an antenna with embedded circuit board for any system. Microstrip Patch antennas are well suited in satellite, missile and aircraft application, radars, biomedical applications and reflector feeds. Also compatible for embedded antennas in handheld wireless devices such as cellular phones and pagers etc. Size reduction, bandwidth and gain enhancement are becoming major design challenges for microstrip printed antennas to meet the miniaturization of mobile units. Narrow bandwidth from printed microstrip patches is one of the most significant factors limiting the widespread applications[5,6,7,8]. The conventional microstrip antenna could not fulfill this requirement. The requirement is from 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz operating frequency; at least double the bandwidth is required to avoid expensive tuning operation and to cause uncritical manufacturing. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the bandwidth of the microstrip antennas for wideband and multi band applications[9,10,11,12,13]. This paper presents directional dual wide band microstrip antenna with compact size for WiMax application. An antenna has been designed on glass epoxy substrate to give a dual wide bandwidth of 7.68 % and 36.56 % covering the range from 1.745-1.884 GHz and 2.229-3.226 GHz and maximum radiating efficiency of about 90%.Structure 2 ANTENNA DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE The geometry of the duo-triangle-shaped patch antenna is shown in figure-1. It is composed of rectangle with cut corners-shaped ground plane and a dielectric substrate with relative permittivity, εr of 4.4. Here transmission line model is used as method of analysis to infinite ground plane. Practically we must have finite ground plane and it can be obtained such as the size of the ground plane is greater than the patch dimensions by approximately six times the substrate thickness. The thickness of the substrate is h=1.6mm (with operating frequency, fo= 2.72 GHz). We have used probe feeding technique which is the form of original excitation methods proposed in the mid-1970[10,11,12,13]. The coordinates are shifted in the entire area to achieve wide bandwidth. In this proposed paper probe-feed to patch coordinate is (24.8, 28). Dimensions of ground plane are calculated from equations (1& 2).The patch length and patch width are obtained by equations (3-6). Wg=W+ 6(h) = 33.56+6(1.6) =43.16 mm
(1)
Lg=L+6(h)=25.91+6(1.6)=35.51mm
(2)
c ( r 1) / 2
(3)
W
L
2f
c
2 f
(4)
2l eff
1
eff
h 2 r 1 r 1 1 10
2
l 0.412h
2
eff
eff
W
W 0.300 0.262 h W 0.258 0.813 h
(5)
(6)
555
556
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
Where, c = Velocity of Light εr = Dielectric constant of the substrate f = Antenna operating frequency W = Width of the patch L = Length of the patch h = Height of substrate ∆l = Normalized extension of length of the patch Table 1.Proposed antenna design parameters. Parameters f εr h Wg Lg L W L1 W1
Value 2.72 GHz 4.4 1.6 mm 43.16 mm 35.51 mm 25.91 mm 33.56 mm 10mm 3 mm
Fig. 1. Geometry of proposed microstrip antenna
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
557
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Figure 2 shows the return loss plot of proposed microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna has been designed on glass epoxy substrate to achieve dual wide bandwidth of 7.68% and 36.56% covering the range from 1.745-1.884 GHz and 2.229-3.226 GHz. It is suitable for WiMAX lower band application. Figure 3 shows the smith chart & Figure 4 shows the 3D radiation pattern which is obtained from IE3D.The proposed microstrip antenna have better gain and good radiation efficiency of about 90%. Fig 7 shows elevation pattern plot which is unidirectional. The component E theta at phi = 90 is shown giving a power gain of 1.87616 dB and Average gain of 0.101136 dB at 2.53 GHz. The component E phi at phi = 90 is shown giving a power gain of 2.94098 dB and Average gain of 6.25771dB at 2.53 GHz. Table 2.Results of Proposed antenna design Parameters
Obtained Results
Band Width
7.68 % and 36.56 %
Frequency Range
1.745-1.884 GHz and 2.229-3.226 GHz
Maximum Directivity at 3.75 GHz
6 dBi
Maximum Antenna Efficiency
90 %
Fig. 2. Return loss Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna
558
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
Fig. 3. Smith chart plot of proposed microstrip antenna
Fig. 4. 3D radiation pattern of proposed microstrip antenna
Fig. 5. Directivity Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
Fig. 6. Gain Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna
Fig.7. Elevation pattern of proposed microstrip antenna
559
560
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
Fig. 8. Efficiency Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna
4. BANDWIDTH ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED ANTENNA FOR DIFFERENT GEOMETRIES 4.1 Case I: Effect of variation of L1: The width L1 of the antenna patch is varied and bandwidth of the antenna is studied, it is observed that maximum value of bandwidth is achieved at the optimum value of L1 =10 mm as shown in figure 9 and summarized in table 3.
Table 3 Variation of L1 for achieving maximum bandwidth Parameter
Value (mm)
Band Width (%)
L1
6
31.90
8
37.37
10
7.68 and 36.56
12
7.08 and 19.92
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
Fig. 9. Return Loss Vs Frequency of the proposed microstrip antenna
4.2 Case II: Effect of variation of W1: The righteous value of W1 keeping other parameters constant is found to be 5mm for achieving maximum impedance dual bandwidth of 7.68 % and 36.56 % which is shown in figure 10 and depicted in Table 4.
Table 4 Variation of L1 for achieving maximum bandwidth Parameter W1
Value (mm)
Band Width (%)
1
5.06 and 34.88
2
7.18 and 36.41
3
7.68 % and 36.56 %
4
39.27
5
6.88 and 34.48
561
562
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
Fig. 10. Return Loss Vs Frequency of proposed microstrip antenna 5. CONCLUSION A dual wide band probe fed duo-triangle-shaped patch antenna is simulated & designed on substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and operating on the frequency below 3 GHz. The proposed antenna has been designed on glass epoxy substrate to achieve dual wide bandwidth of 7.68% and 36.56% covering the range from 1.745-1.884 GHz and 2.229-3.226 GHz and maximum radiating efficiency of about 90% which is best suitable for WiMAX lower band application.
References [1] Girish Kumar and K.P. Ray, Broadband Microstrip antennas, Norwood Artech House 2003 [2] Ramesh Garg, P. Bhartia, Inder Bahl, A. Ittipiboon, Microstip Antenna Design Handbook, Artech House, 2000. [3] C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design,” John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997 [4] Ali, Zakir; Singh, Vinod Kumar; Singh, Ashutosh Kumar; Ayub, Shahanaz; “E shaped Microstrip Antenna on Rogers substrate for WLAN applications” Proc.IEEE,pp342-345,Oct. 2011. [5] Vinod Kumar Singh, Zakir Ali, A. K. Singh, Shahanaz Ayub “Dual band triangular slotted stacked microstrip antenna for wireless applications” Central European Journal of Engineering (CEJE), Springer ISSN: 1896 1541Volume 3, Issue 2, pp 221-225 June, 2013. [6] Loveleen Cheema, Krishan Kumar Sherdia, “Design of Microstrip Antenna with Defected Ground structure for UWB Applications”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 7, July 2013. [7] Vinod K. Singh, Zakir Ali, “Dual Band U- shaped microstrip antenna for wireless Communication” International Journal of Engineering Science Technology, India, VOL 2 (6), pp 1623-1628, June,2010. [8] Taeyoung Yang, Seong-Youp Suh, Randall Nealy, William A. Davis, and Warren L. Stutzman,” Compact Antennas For UWB Applications”. [9] Nagraj Kulkarni, S. N. Mulgi, and S. K. Satnoor “Design and Development of Triple Band Tunable Microstrip Antenna” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters Vol. 54, No. 3, pp 614-617March 2012 [10] Indrasen Singh, Dr. V.S. Tripathi,”Micro strip Patch Antenna and its Applications: a Survey”, IJCTA, Sept-Oct 2011.
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
563
[11] Parminder Singh, Anjali Chandel, Divya Naina,”Bandwidth Enhancement of Probe Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna”, IJECCT, Volume 3 Issue 1, January 2013. [12] Jagdish. M. Rathod,” Comparative Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Application”, International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 2, June 2010. [13] Neeraj Rao and Dinesh Kumar V,” Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement of a Microstrip Antenna Using Partial Substrate Removal in Multiple-layer Dielectric Substrate”, PIER Symposium Proceedings, Suzhou, China, Sept. 12-16, 2011 [14] Gagandeep Sahu, Tejaswini Choudri “A UWB Triangular Shape, triangular patch antenna, array type antenna for 3G mobile communication in India”, International Journal of Computing Science and Communication Technologies(ISSN 0974-3375), Vol.5 NO. 1, July 2012. [15] Ali, Z.; Singh, V.K.; Singh, A.K.; Ayub, S., "Bandwidth Enhancement of W Slot Microstrip Antenna Using Stacked Configuration," Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2012 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.31,34, 11-13 May 2012 [16] Singh, V.K.; Ali, Z.; Singh, A.K., "Dual Wideband Stacked Patch Antenna for WiMax and WLAN Applications," Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), 2011 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.315,318, 7-9 Oct. 2011 [17] Singh, V.K.; Ali, Z.; Singh, A.K.; Ayub, S., "Dual Band Microstrip Antenna for UMTS/WLAN/WIMAX Applications," Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2013 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.47,50, 6-8 April 2013 [18] Ali, Z.; Singh, V.K.; Singh, A.K.; Ayub, S., "Wide Band Inset Feed Microstrip Patch Antenna for Mobile Communication," Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2013 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.51,54, 6-8 April 2013 [19] Ashutosh Kumar Singh,R.A.Kabeer,M.Shukla, Z. Ali, V. K. Singh, Shahanaz Ayub “Performance analysis of first iteration koch curve fractal log periodic antenna of varying flare angles” Central European Journal of Engineering (CEJE), Springer ISSN: 1896 1541Volume 3, Issue 1, pp 51-57,March, 2013.
ScienceDirect Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
International Conference on Computational Intelligence: Modeling Techniques and Applications (CIMTA) 2013
Duo Triangle Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna Analysis for WiMAX lower band Application Stuti Srivastavaa, Vinod Kumar Singha, bAshutosh Kumar Singh and Zakir Alic* b
a S.R.Group of Institutions, Jhansi, India Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India c I.E.T., Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India
Abstract This paper presents the increase in bandwidth of a microstrip antenna using a duo triangle shaped probe-fed patch. The main aim of the paper is to obtain a wideband microstrip antenna with reduced size. The dual bandwidth of 7.68% and 36.56% covering the range from 1.745-1.884GHz and 2.229-3.226 GHz has been achieved. The dimension and position of the duo-triangular patch as well as the shifting of probe-feed coordinates have been optimized to achieve the wide bandwidth. The proposed patch antenna is designed and all the parameters are simulated on the Zeland IE3D software.
© Publishedby byElsevier ElsevierLtd. Ltd. © 2013 2013 The Authors. Authors. Published Selection and and peer-review peer-review under responsibility of the University Selection University of of Kalyani, Kalyani, Department Departmentof ofComputer ComputerScience Science&&Engineering. Engineering Keywords: Probe feed;Wideband;WiMax and patch antenna.
1. Introduction Electromagnetic spectrum is one of the greatest natural resource for the mankind, and an antenna has been instrumental in harnessing this resource. Hence, an antenna finds an important role in creating a communication link in today’s modern communication industry. In the race to become a popular science, all compact and portable communication equipments are in need of an antenna of good shape and design to let them connect to the everywhere available wireless connections[14,15,16,17,18,19]. Wireless connections such as, GSM (850 MHz / 1.9 GHz), Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), LTE (700 MHz), Bluetooth (2.4 GHz), GPS (1.575 GHz), WiMAX (2.495-2.695 GHz). Microstrip Patch antennas are being studied extensively from past many years because of its low profile structure,
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: +91-9452214800; fax +91-510-2472049.
E-mail address:[email protected]
2212-0173 © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the University of Kalyani, Department of Computer Science & Engineering doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.395
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
light weight and low cost[1,2,3,4]. These are compatible with MMIC designs and are mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces. Using PCB technology here, it is easy to install an antenna with embedded circuit board for any system. Microstrip Patch antennas are well suited in satellite, missile and aircraft application, radars, biomedical applications and reflector feeds. Also compatible for embedded antennas in handheld wireless devices such as cellular phones and pagers etc. Size reduction, bandwidth and gain enhancement are becoming major design challenges for microstrip printed antennas to meet the miniaturization of mobile units. Narrow bandwidth from printed microstrip patches is one of the most significant factors limiting the widespread applications[5,6,7,8]. The conventional microstrip antenna could not fulfill this requirement. The requirement is from 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz operating frequency; at least double the bandwidth is required to avoid expensive tuning operation and to cause uncritical manufacturing. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the bandwidth of the microstrip antennas for wideband and multi band applications[9,10,11,12,13]. This paper presents directional dual wide band microstrip antenna with compact size for WiMax application. An antenna has been designed on glass epoxy substrate to give a dual wide bandwidth of 7.68 % and 36.56 % covering the range from 1.745-1.884 GHz and 2.229-3.226 GHz and maximum radiating efficiency of about 90%.Structure 2 ANTENNA DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE The geometry of the duo-triangle-shaped patch antenna is shown in figure-1. It is composed of rectangle with cut corners-shaped ground plane and a dielectric substrate with relative permittivity, εr of 4.4. Here transmission line model is used as method of analysis to infinite ground plane. Practically we must have finite ground plane and it can be obtained such as the size of the ground plane is greater than the patch dimensions by approximately six times the substrate thickness. The thickness of the substrate is h=1.6mm (with operating frequency, fo= 2.72 GHz). We have used probe feeding technique which is the form of original excitation methods proposed in the mid-1970[10,11,12,13]. The coordinates are shifted in the entire area to achieve wide bandwidth. In this proposed paper probe-feed to patch coordinate is (24.8, 28). Dimensions of ground plane are calculated from equations (1& 2).The patch length and patch width are obtained by equations (3-6). Wg=W+ 6(h) = 33.56+6(1.6) =43.16 mm
(1)
Lg=L+6(h)=25.91+6(1.6)=35.51mm
(2)
c ( r 1) / 2
(3)
W
L
2f
c
2 f
(4)
2l eff
1
eff
h 2 r 1 r 1 1 10
2
l 0.412h
2
eff
eff
W
W 0.300 0.262 h W 0.258 0.813 h
(5)
(6)
555
556
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
Where, c = Velocity of Light εr = Dielectric constant of the substrate f = Antenna operating frequency W = Width of the patch L = Length of the patch h = Height of substrate ∆l = Normalized extension of length of the patch Table 1.Proposed antenna design parameters. Parameters f εr h Wg Lg L W L1 W1
Value 2.72 GHz 4.4 1.6 mm 43.16 mm 35.51 mm 25.91 mm 33.56 mm 10mm 3 mm
Fig. 1. Geometry of proposed microstrip antenna
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
557
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Figure 2 shows the return loss plot of proposed microstrip antenna. The proposed antenna has been designed on glass epoxy substrate to achieve dual wide bandwidth of 7.68% and 36.56% covering the range from 1.745-1.884 GHz and 2.229-3.226 GHz. It is suitable for WiMAX lower band application. Figure 3 shows the smith chart & Figure 4 shows the 3D radiation pattern which is obtained from IE3D.The proposed microstrip antenna have better gain and good radiation efficiency of about 90%. Fig 7 shows elevation pattern plot which is unidirectional. The component E theta at phi = 90 is shown giving a power gain of 1.87616 dB and Average gain of 0.101136 dB at 2.53 GHz. The component E phi at phi = 90 is shown giving a power gain of 2.94098 dB and Average gain of 6.25771dB at 2.53 GHz. Table 2.Results of Proposed antenna design Parameters
Obtained Results
Band Width
7.68 % and 36.56 %
Frequency Range
1.745-1.884 GHz and 2.229-3.226 GHz
Maximum Directivity at 3.75 GHz
6 dBi
Maximum Antenna Efficiency
90 %
Fig. 2. Return loss Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna
558
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
Fig. 3. Smith chart plot of proposed microstrip antenna
Fig. 4. 3D radiation pattern of proposed microstrip antenna
Fig. 5. Directivity Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
Fig. 6. Gain Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna
Fig.7. Elevation pattern of proposed microstrip antenna
559
560
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
Fig. 8. Efficiency Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna
4. BANDWIDTH ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED ANTENNA FOR DIFFERENT GEOMETRIES 4.1 Case I: Effect of variation of L1: The width L1 of the antenna patch is varied and bandwidth of the antenna is studied, it is observed that maximum value of bandwidth is achieved at the optimum value of L1 =10 mm as shown in figure 9 and summarized in table 3.
Table 3 Variation of L1 for achieving maximum bandwidth Parameter
Value (mm)
Band Width (%)
L1
6
31.90
8
37.37
10
7.68 and 36.56
12
7.08 and 19.92
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
Fig. 9. Return Loss Vs Frequency of the proposed microstrip antenna
4.2 Case II: Effect of variation of W1: The righteous value of W1 keeping other parameters constant is found to be 5mm for achieving maximum impedance dual bandwidth of 7.68 % and 36.56 % which is shown in figure 10 and depicted in Table 4.
Table 4 Variation of L1 for achieving maximum bandwidth Parameter W1
Value (mm)
Band Width (%)
1
5.06 and 34.88
2
7.18 and 36.41
3
7.68 % and 36.56 %
4
39.27
5
6.88 and 34.48
561
562
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
Fig. 10. Return Loss Vs Frequency of proposed microstrip antenna 5. CONCLUSION A dual wide band probe fed duo-triangle-shaped patch antenna is simulated & designed on substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and operating on the frequency below 3 GHz. The proposed antenna has been designed on glass epoxy substrate to achieve dual wide bandwidth of 7.68% and 36.56% covering the range from 1.745-1.884 GHz and 2.229-3.226 GHz and maximum radiating efficiency of about 90% which is best suitable for WiMAX lower band application.
References [1] Girish Kumar and K.P. Ray, Broadband Microstrip antennas, Norwood Artech House 2003 [2] Ramesh Garg, P. Bhartia, Inder Bahl, A. Ittipiboon, Microstip Antenna Design Handbook, Artech House, 2000. [3] C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design,” John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997 [4] Ali, Zakir; Singh, Vinod Kumar; Singh, Ashutosh Kumar; Ayub, Shahanaz; “E shaped Microstrip Antenna on Rogers substrate for WLAN applications” Proc.IEEE,pp342-345,Oct. 2011. [5] Vinod Kumar Singh, Zakir Ali, A. K. Singh, Shahanaz Ayub “Dual band triangular slotted stacked microstrip antenna for wireless applications” Central European Journal of Engineering (CEJE), Springer ISSN: 1896 1541Volume 3, Issue 2, pp 221-225 June, 2013. [6] Loveleen Cheema, Krishan Kumar Sherdia, “Design of Microstrip Antenna with Defected Ground structure for UWB Applications”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 7, July 2013. [7] Vinod K. Singh, Zakir Ali, “Dual Band U- shaped microstrip antenna for wireless Communication” International Journal of Engineering Science Technology, India, VOL 2 (6), pp 1623-1628, June,2010. [8] Taeyoung Yang, Seong-Youp Suh, Randall Nealy, William A. Davis, and Warren L. Stutzman,” Compact Antennas For UWB Applications”. [9] Nagraj Kulkarni, S. N. Mulgi, and S. K. Satnoor “Design and Development of Triple Band Tunable Microstrip Antenna” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters Vol. 54, No. 3, pp 614-617March 2012 [10] Indrasen Singh, Dr. V.S. Tripathi,”Micro strip Patch Antenna and its Applications: a Survey”, IJCTA, Sept-Oct 2011.
Stuti Srivastava et al. / Procedia Technology 10 (2013) 554 – 563
563
[11] Parminder Singh, Anjali Chandel, Divya Naina,”Bandwidth Enhancement of Probe Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna”, IJECCT, Volume 3 Issue 1, January 2013. [12] Jagdish. M. Rathod,” Comparative Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Application”, International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 2, June 2010. [13] Neeraj Rao and Dinesh Kumar V,” Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement of a Microstrip Antenna Using Partial Substrate Removal in Multiple-layer Dielectric Substrate”, PIER Symposium Proceedings, Suzhou, China, Sept. 12-16, 2011 [14] Gagandeep Sahu, Tejaswini Choudri “A UWB Triangular Shape, triangular patch antenna, array type antenna for 3G mobile communication in India”, International Journal of Computing Science and Communication Technologies(ISSN 0974-3375), Vol.5 NO. 1, July 2012. [15] Ali, Z.; Singh, V.K.; Singh, A.K.; Ayub, S., "Bandwidth Enhancement of W Slot Microstrip Antenna Using Stacked Configuration," Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2012 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.31,34, 11-13 May 2012 [16] Singh, V.K.; Ali, Z.; Singh, A.K., "Dual Wideband Stacked Patch Antenna for WiMax and WLAN Applications," Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), 2011 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.315,318, 7-9 Oct. 2011 [17] Singh, V.K.; Ali, Z.; Singh, A.K.; Ayub, S., "Dual Band Microstrip Antenna for UMTS/WLAN/WIMAX Applications," Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2013 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.47,50, 6-8 April 2013 [18] Ali, Z.; Singh, V.K.; Singh, A.K.; Ayub, S., "Wide Band Inset Feed Microstrip Patch Antenna for Mobile Communication," Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT), 2013 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.51,54, 6-8 April 2013 [19] Ashutosh Kumar Singh,R.A.Kabeer,M.Shukla, Z. Ali, V. K. Singh, Shahanaz Ayub “Performance analysis of first iteration koch curve fractal log periodic antenna of varying flare angles” Central European Journal of Engineering (CEJE), Springer ISSN: 1896 1541Volume 3, Issue 1, pp 51-57,March, 2013.