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Early diagnosis and treatment monitoring roles of tumor markers Cyfra 21-1 and TPS in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2000," 29:310-311 Printed in Denmark. All rights reserved
Copyright© Munksgaard 2000 lntemadonalJoumalof
Oral& MaxillofacialSurgery ISSN 0901-5027
Abstracts from international literature Expression of thymidine phosphorylase and vascular endothelial cell growth factor in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and their different characteristics T. Fukuiwa, Y. Takebayashi, S. Akiba, T. Matsuzaki, Y. Hanamure, K. Miyadera, Y. Yamada, S. Akiyama Cancer 1999: 85:960-9
Thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF). dThdPase is known to promote the development of new blood vessels, which are fundamental to tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a 34-42 kilodalton (kD) protein that induces both angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a 36 kD nuclear protein, and its expression is associated with D N A synthesis and cell proliferation. The authors investigated the correlations of dThdPase and VEGF with the growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in 95 patients, by examining PCNA expression as a marker of tumor proliferation. They also retrospectively examined the expression of dThdPase in primary HNSCC and its association with angiogenesis and clinicopathologic findings. Microvessel count was significantly correlated with the expression of VEGF (P=0.046) but not with dThdPase expression. The expression of PCNA was significantly correlated with dThdPase (P<0.001) but not VEGF expression. A significant correlation was found between VEGF and dThdPase expression (P=0.003). Neither dThdPase nor VEGF correlated with clinicopathologic findings, except for the correlation between tumor location and VEGF expression (P=0.020). These
findings suggest that VEGF is involved in angiogenesis of HNSCC. dThdPase may have effects on tumor growth other than angiogenic activity in HNSCC. H. TIDEMAN
Early diagnosis and treatment monitoring roles of tumor markers Cyfra 21-1 and TPS in oral squamous cell carcinoma R. M. Nagler, M. Barak, M. Peled, H. Ben-Aryeh, M. Filatov, D. Laufer Cancer 1999: 85:1018-25
Mucosal oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for 3-5% of all reported cancers, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%. Unfortunately, current detection means are of no value in diagnosing lesions early enough for cure, especially when they recur after resection. Postoperative radiotherapy and/or covering the resection site with reconstructive flaps (regional or free vascularized) often makes early diagnosis an impossible task. The authors examined the detection and treatment monitoring capacity of two relatively new tumor markers in the serum of SCC patients, comparing their levels with those in patients with other oral/perioral malignancies or benign oral tumors and in disease-free, posttreatment SCC patients and healthy controls. Values of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative prediction for Cyfra 21-1 were 96%, 87%, 93% and 53%, respectively, whereas those for tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) were 69%, 87%, 93% and 54%, respectively. Approximately 2-3 weeks after resection of the SCC lesion, Cyfra 21-1 and TPS levels were reduced by 47% (P-<0.003) and 36% (P-<0.041), respectively. Cyfra 21-1 levels in SCC patients were significantly greater than those in healthy patients by 73% (P--<0.0001), in patients with benign tu-
mors by 74% (P-<0.0003), and in patients in disease remission by 66% (P-<0.0002). Similarly, the TPS levels of SCC patients were significantly greater than those of healthy patients by 59% (P<-0.0005), of patients with benign tumors by 55% (P-0.0001), and of patients in disease remission by 59% (P-0.0001). In two patients, a second, new SCC lesion was diagnosed within the follow-up period, with increased tumor markers noted concomitantly with the diagnosis. The accumulated data point to the suitability of the clinical usage of these two markers, especially Cyfra 21-1, in the early detection of oral SCC lesions (primary, recurrent or secondary) as well as for treatment monitoring. These results may open new avenues for the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients and hopefully will improve their treatment outcome. HENK TIDEMAN
Genetic predisposition for the development of head and neck cancer v. Jahnke, C, Matthias, U. Bockm~hl, R. C. Strange Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 1999: 78:24-7
While cigarette smoking and chronic alcohol consumption are the major risk factors for the development of head and neck cancer, it is assumed that genetic factors contribute to the occurrence of malignancy. Glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 AB, GSTM3 BB and GSTP1 AA as well as TNF genotypes were determined from leucocyte D N A in 392 patients with head and neck carcinoma and 216 healthy persons who served as controls, with added immunohistochemical studies. Comparative genomic hybridization was used to screen for genetic alterations in the tumor tissue. The frequency of GSTM1 AB was significantly lower in all head and neck
Copyright© Munksgaard 2000 lntemadonalJoumalof
Oral& MaxillofacialSurgery ISSN 0901-5027
Abstracts from international literature Expression of thymidine phosphorylase and vascular endothelial cell growth factor in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and their different characteristics T. Fukuiwa, Y. Takebayashi, S. Akiba, T. Matsuzaki, Y. Hanamure, K. Miyadera, Y. Yamada, S. Akiyama Cancer 1999: 85:960-9
Thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) is identical to platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF). dThdPase is known to promote the development of new blood vessels, which are fundamental to tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a 34-42 kilodalton (kD) protein that induces both angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a 36 kD nuclear protein, and its expression is associated with D N A synthesis and cell proliferation. The authors investigated the correlations of dThdPase and VEGF with the growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in 95 patients, by examining PCNA expression as a marker of tumor proliferation. They also retrospectively examined the expression of dThdPase in primary HNSCC and its association with angiogenesis and clinicopathologic findings. Microvessel count was significantly correlated with the expression of VEGF (P=0.046) but not with dThdPase expression. The expression of PCNA was significantly correlated with dThdPase (P<0.001) but not VEGF expression. A significant correlation was found between VEGF and dThdPase expression (P=0.003). Neither dThdPase nor VEGF correlated with clinicopathologic findings, except for the correlation between tumor location and VEGF expression (P=0.020). These
findings suggest that VEGF is involved in angiogenesis of HNSCC. dThdPase may have effects on tumor growth other than angiogenic activity in HNSCC. H. TIDEMAN
Early diagnosis and treatment monitoring roles of tumor markers Cyfra 21-1 and TPS in oral squamous cell carcinoma R. M. Nagler, M. Barak, M. Peled, H. Ben-Aryeh, M. Filatov, D. Laufer Cancer 1999: 85:1018-25
Mucosal oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for 3-5% of all reported cancers, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%. Unfortunately, current detection means are of no value in diagnosing lesions early enough for cure, especially when they recur after resection. Postoperative radiotherapy and/or covering the resection site with reconstructive flaps (regional or free vascularized) often makes early diagnosis an impossible task. The authors examined the detection and treatment monitoring capacity of two relatively new tumor markers in the serum of SCC patients, comparing their levels with those in patients with other oral/perioral malignancies or benign oral tumors and in disease-free, posttreatment SCC patients and healthy controls. Values of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative prediction for Cyfra 21-1 were 96%, 87%, 93% and 53%, respectively, whereas those for tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) were 69%, 87%, 93% and 54%, respectively. Approximately 2-3 weeks after resection of the SCC lesion, Cyfra 21-1 and TPS levels were reduced by 47% (P-<0.003) and 36% (P-<0.041), respectively. Cyfra 21-1 levels in SCC patients were significantly greater than those in healthy patients by 73% (P--<0.0001), in patients with benign tu-
mors by 74% (P-<0.0003), and in patients in disease remission by 66% (P-<0.0002). Similarly, the TPS levels of SCC patients were significantly greater than those of healthy patients by 59% (P<-0.0005), of patients with benign tumors by 55% (P-0.0001), and of patients in disease remission by 59% (P-0.0001). In two patients, a second, new SCC lesion was diagnosed within the follow-up period, with increased tumor markers noted concomitantly with the diagnosis. The accumulated data point to the suitability of the clinical usage of these two markers, especially Cyfra 21-1, in the early detection of oral SCC lesions (primary, recurrent or secondary) as well as for treatment monitoring. These results may open new avenues for the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients and hopefully will improve their treatment outcome. HENK TIDEMAN
Genetic predisposition for the development of head and neck cancer v. Jahnke, C, Matthias, U. Bockm~hl, R. C. Strange Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 1999: 78:24-7
While cigarette smoking and chronic alcohol consumption are the major risk factors for the development of head and neck cancer, it is assumed that genetic factors contribute to the occurrence of malignancy. Glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 AB, GSTM3 BB and GSTP1 AA as well as TNF genotypes were determined from leucocyte D N A in 392 patients with head and neck carcinoma and 216 healthy persons who served as controls, with added immunohistochemical studies. Comparative genomic hybridization was used to screen for genetic alterations in the tumor tissue. The frequency of GSTM1 AB was significantly lower in all head and neck