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Earth structures engineering
146A the groundwater level is 2m below the surface. To overcome the problem of the waterbearing overburden, two rectangular cofferdams are under construction: (I) No 1 based in glacial clay stratum and (2) No 2 keyed 3m into bedrock. Following completion of the diaphragm walls, the silt and sand will be dewatered and when construction of the portal and shieldlaunching chamber are completed a shield will be inserted to advance the 4.57m diameter tunnel.
844219 Drainage and settlement problems in connection with rock tunnelling in the Oslo region (In Norwegian) Karlsrud, K Norw Geotech lnst PaM N147, 1983, 14P Already during construction of the first subway tunnel in Oslo, Norway, from 1912-1914, leakage of groundwater into the tunnel was experienced. This caused large reductions in pore pressure and consolidation settlements in nearby clay-filled depressions in bedrock. In spite of the use of grouting and concrete linings in tunnels since then, unacceptable leakage has still occurred. Measures to infiltrate water to restore the groundwater balance have now been tried.
844220 Water percolation into fully caved iongwall faces Garritty, P In: Strata Mechanics (iml~r to the Symposium on Strata Mechanics, Newcastle upon Tyne, 5-7 April 1982) P25-29. Publ Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1982 Production at a number of mines operating off the North-East coast has been seriously affected by the percolation of major water feeders onto working coal faces. Analysis indicates that operations tend to encounter excessive water feeders when: (1) the cover to the Permian aquifer is less than 100m, or major Coal Measures aquifers exist within 45m or so of workings, (2) tensile face strains calculated at the base of the Permian exceed 0.6%, (3) sandstone strata forms less than 35% of the overburden, implying a lack of competence in the seam roof, (4) faults or other major discontinuities are present in the roof strata, and (5) major strata 'weights' or 'bumps' occur.
Presents a method for determining the average stresses in pillars between N parallel tunnels under the combined action of long seismic compressional and shear waves. The seismically safe distance to be left between parallel tunnels can be calculated.
Surface Structures See also: 844344
844223 Earth structures engineering Mitchell, R J Boston: Allen and Unwin, 1983, 265P Includes chapters on: earth structures and air photo interpretation, earth mechanics in earth structures engineering, embankments and tunnels, slope stability, earth dams and ground subsidence, and mine backfill.
844224 Construction over abandoned mine workings Healy, P R; Head, J M Comtroction l ~ t v y Research and Information Association special publication N32, 1984, 94P Guidance is given for engineers involved in the planning and development of sites previously undermined for coal and other minerals. Past methods of mining employed in Britain are described and their short- and long-term effects on surface stability are assessed. Relevant modern mining methods are also included. Details are given for the planning and execution of a mining investigation and techniques for consolidation of old mine workings and remedial measures for mine shafts are described. Foundation design options are included for cases where expected ground movement can be accommodated. 50 refs.
Amffl: Construction Industry Research and Information Association, 6 Storey's Gate, London SWIP 3AU, UK
844221
844225
Stability of a thick ring of grouted or frozen ground Wilson, A H In: Strata Mechanics ~aper to the Symposimn on Strata Mechanics, Newcastle upon Tyse, 5-7 AFdl 1982) P141-146. Publ Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1982
Earthworks, drainage, subgrnde Branco, F; Serafim Luis, A; Correia de Matos, J; Gomes Coelho, A Laboratorio Nacitmal de Engenharia Civil memoria N604, 1983, 18P
The stability of ground which has been grouted or frozen to hold back water from excavations is considered. The application of the Lame equations for thick-walled cylinders is shown to be unrealistic for very thick cylinders of ground, but the concept of an outer cylinder in an elastic condition, stabilized by the formation of an inner yield zone conforming to the laws of soil mechanics, is shown to be feasible. The stresses in the yield and the elastic zones are analysed, and diagrams as a guide to the design of grouted or frozen layers are given. Auth.
A brief discussion of topics related to earthworks: site investigation, embankment foundations, embankments and slopes. Materials used in the internal drainage of embankments, drainage techniques and the bearing capacity, protection and repair of subgrades are also considered.
Influence o f dynamic loads due to explosions or earthquakes 844222 Determination of the s t r e ~ of pillars betwem ~ with ~ of the J m ~ e l k m ot' emhqw~es Fotieva, N N; Kozlov, A N Soil MeelJ Fou~! Emgmg II19, NS, Sept-Oct 1982, P198-204
844226 Soil parameter evaluation from large scale loading tests Brown, P T; Burland, J B Univorsity of Sydmey, Scim~i of Cidi and M i a i ~ Engineering research relmrt NR427, Dec 1982, 16P The problems associated with the simultaneous adjustment of many variables in the back analysis of large scale loading tests are examined and methods for reducing these problems are outlined. Examples are considered to illustrate how the use of such methods may be limited by the soil properties and the accuracy of the field measurements. Some modifications to the basic methods are then shown to enable their use in difficult cases.
844219 Drainage and settlement problems in connection with rock tunnelling in the Oslo region (In Norwegian) Karlsrud, K Norw Geotech lnst PaM N147, 1983, 14P Already during construction of the first subway tunnel in Oslo, Norway, from 1912-1914, leakage of groundwater into the tunnel was experienced. This caused large reductions in pore pressure and consolidation settlements in nearby clay-filled depressions in bedrock. In spite of the use of grouting and concrete linings in tunnels since then, unacceptable leakage has still occurred. Measures to infiltrate water to restore the groundwater balance have now been tried.
844220 Water percolation into fully caved iongwall faces Garritty, P In: Strata Mechanics (iml~r to the Symposium on Strata Mechanics, Newcastle upon Tyne, 5-7 April 1982) P25-29. Publ Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1982 Production at a number of mines operating off the North-East coast has been seriously affected by the percolation of major water feeders onto working coal faces. Analysis indicates that operations tend to encounter excessive water feeders when: (1) the cover to the Permian aquifer is less than 100m, or major Coal Measures aquifers exist within 45m or so of workings, (2) tensile face strains calculated at the base of the Permian exceed 0.6%, (3) sandstone strata forms less than 35% of the overburden, implying a lack of competence in the seam roof, (4) faults or other major discontinuities are present in the roof strata, and (5) major strata 'weights' or 'bumps' occur.
Presents a method for determining the average stresses in pillars between N parallel tunnels under the combined action of long seismic compressional and shear waves. The seismically safe distance to be left between parallel tunnels can be calculated.
Surface Structures See also: 844344
844223 Earth structures engineering Mitchell, R J Boston: Allen and Unwin, 1983, 265P Includes chapters on: earth structures and air photo interpretation, earth mechanics in earth structures engineering, embankments and tunnels, slope stability, earth dams and ground subsidence, and mine backfill.
844224 Construction over abandoned mine workings Healy, P R; Head, J M Comtroction l ~ t v y Research and Information Association special publication N32, 1984, 94P Guidance is given for engineers involved in the planning and development of sites previously undermined for coal and other minerals. Past methods of mining employed in Britain are described and their short- and long-term effects on surface stability are assessed. Relevant modern mining methods are also included. Details are given for the planning and execution of a mining investigation and techniques for consolidation of old mine workings and remedial measures for mine shafts are described. Foundation design options are included for cases where expected ground movement can be accommodated. 50 refs.
Amffl: Construction Industry Research and Information Association, 6 Storey's Gate, London SWIP 3AU, UK
844221
844225
Stability of a thick ring of grouted or frozen ground Wilson, A H In: Strata Mechanics ~aper to the Symposimn on Strata Mechanics, Newcastle upon Tyse, 5-7 AFdl 1982) P141-146. Publ Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1982
Earthworks, drainage, subgrnde Branco, F; Serafim Luis, A; Correia de Matos, J; Gomes Coelho, A Laboratorio Nacitmal de Engenharia Civil memoria N604, 1983, 18P
The stability of ground which has been grouted or frozen to hold back water from excavations is considered. The application of the Lame equations for thick-walled cylinders is shown to be unrealistic for very thick cylinders of ground, but the concept of an outer cylinder in an elastic condition, stabilized by the formation of an inner yield zone conforming to the laws of soil mechanics, is shown to be feasible. The stresses in the yield and the elastic zones are analysed, and diagrams as a guide to the design of grouted or frozen layers are given. Auth.
A brief discussion of topics related to earthworks: site investigation, embankment foundations, embankments and slopes. Materials used in the internal drainage of embankments, drainage techniques and the bearing capacity, protection and repair of subgrades are also considered.
Influence o f dynamic loads due to explosions or earthquakes 844222 Determination of the s t r e ~ of pillars betwem ~ with ~ of the J m ~ e l k m ot' emhqw~es Fotieva, N N; Kozlov, A N Soil MeelJ Fou~! Emgmg II19, NS, Sept-Oct 1982, P198-204
844226 Soil parameter evaluation from large scale loading tests Brown, P T; Burland, J B Univorsity of Sydmey, Scim~i of Cidi and M i a i ~ Engineering research relmrt NR427, Dec 1982, 16P The problems associated with the simultaneous adjustment of many variables in the back analysis of large scale loading tests are examined and methods for reducing these problems are outlined. Examples are considered to illustrate how the use of such methods may be limited by the soil properties and the accuracy of the field measurements. Some modifications to the basic methods are then shown to enable their use in difficult cases.