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Eastern Colleges Hold Second Feeding Conference on Chick Feeding
Tne Journal of the
American Association of Instructors and Investigators In Poultry Husbandry Vol. IV
New Brunswick, N. J., February, J9J8
No.
CONTENTS. •
EASTERN COLLEGES HOLD SECOND FEEDING CONFERENCE ON CHICK FEEDING. Representatives of the State Colleges of New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut and New Jersey met in conference at the Hotel Prince George, New York City, Saturday, December 29th, 1917, to discuss the problem of chick feeding under existing conditions, and to adopt a Standardized W a r Ration for Chicks. It was appreciated that this question will soon be a very vital one where chicks are reared in considerable numbers, and the limitation as to the usage of wheat contributes to make the problem still more acute. After careful consideration the representatives of the four colleges assembled approved the following rations and recommended methods of feeding and authorized their immediate publication and release for general use. Chick Rations and Methods of Feeding CHICK SCRATCH Fine Cracked Corn 70 lbs. Steel Cut Oats 20 lbs. Cracked Wheat 10 lbs. 100 lbs. Possible Changes: 1. If steel cut oats are not available increase the amount of cracked corn. 2. When chicks are about six weeks of age the above chick scratch may be mixed by substituting coarse cracked corn for the fine cracked corn and whole wheat for the cracked wheat. 3. After chicks are ten weeks of age the Standardized War Scratch Ration for Laying Hens, previously adopted, should be gradually substituted for the above chick scratch. The Standardized War Scratch is Application
Page 33 34 35 36 37 38
composed of the following ingredients: Cracked Corn 500 lbs. Feed Wheat 100 lbs. Heavy Oats 100 lbs. Barley 200 lbs. 1000 lbs. CHICK MASH The following chick mash is recommended: Wheat Bran 300 lbs. Wheat middlings 100 lbs. Corn meal 100 lbs. Gluten feed 100 .lbs. Ground oats 100 lbs. Meat scrap 100 lbs. This mash can be readily obtained by adding 100 lbs. of wheat bran to every 300 lbs. of the Standardized War Laying Mash, as previously adopted. METHODS OF FEEDING During the first week feed the above chick scratch ration 4 or 5 times daily, feeding same sparingly or what they will clean up and be hungry at each succeeding feeding. From the third day on keep wheat bran before them all the time. During the second week feed grain 3 or 4 times daily and substitute chick mash for the wheat bran. During the fifth week feed grain 2 or 3 times daily and substitute Standardized War Mash for Laying Hens for the Chick Mash. Make all changes of feed gradually. Skim milk or buttermilk is considered indispensable in the feeding of baby chicks especially during the first week, which period is especially critical in the development of the growing chick. In order to insure that all chicks become familiar with the milk and secure a sufficient amount it is further recommended that no water be given during t h e first week. If milk is available it is recommended that its use be continued.
made for entry as second class matter at New Brunswick, 33
N. «/., P. O.
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at North Dakota State University on May 29, 2015
Eastern Colleges Hold Second Feeding Conference on Chick Feeding Address of Welcome Effects of Sub-normal temperature upon the chick embryo in incubation.. Cooperative Marketing of Poultry in New York State Graduate study in Poultry Husbandry ; Feeding for Egg Production, Animal versus Vegetable protein
Green food should be fed after the first week. Signed, W. F. K1RKPATRICK, . Connecticut Agricultural College. A. G. LUNN, Massachusetts Agricultural College. G-. F. HEUSEK, Cornell University. H. R. LEWIS, University of the State of New Jersey. ADDRESS OF WELCOME
34
1. The effect of condition powder used in accordance with directions furnished by the manufacturers, on egg production. This experiment was three times repeated and the results indicated clearly that these powders have no food value. 2. The influence of the cock on egg production. This experiment was twice repeated and the results indicated there was no influence on the number of eggs produced. There was an influence, however, on the weight of the eggs, this being greater in the flocks where the male was kept with the females. ' 3 . To determine comparative value of cut fresh bone and animal meal as constituents of the ration. This experiment was five times repeated. The results indicated it to be extremely difficult so to feed cut fresh bone as to insure even division among the birds of a flock. It seemed impossible to prevent certain birds from over-eating of this very palatable food. As a consequence sickness and loss of fowls were more common on this food than on the animal meal, and the conclusion was that the latter is a better food than the cut fresh bone while at the same time costing less, labor in preparing the raw bone being taken into account. 4. Comparison of fine cut clover rowen and cabbages as constituents of the ration. This experiment was carried through only once. The fowls receiving the cabbages laid rather more
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at North Dakota State University on May 29, 2015
Eastern Sectional Meeting at Amherst It is a source of regret to me, and I know it must be so to you, that President Butterfield, who welcomed you to the Institution when you met here last, is not here to bid you welcome today: a source of regret because his felicitous expression of his thought on such occasions is always inspiring, and because I fear I cannot worthily discharge the duty I am undertaking. I am, nevertheless, glad that you have met here. I trust you already feel that you are welcome and that you will be made to feel this in constantly increasing measure during the period of your stay. The Institution is glad to welcome you because those connected with it feel that your coming here is an honor to the Institution and that your presence and your meetings will be an inspiration to all of us. I am certain that your deliberations and discussions will afford many suggestions of value to us in our work. You represent instructors and investigators in poultry husbandry. Were President Butterfield here he would, quite naturally, in addressing you dwell upon the educational features of your work. Since I represent the Experiment Station I am inclined, quite naturally, to dwell upon the investigational work which you represent. Investigation, as of course you understand, is always a venture into untried fields. It has for its object the discovery of new facts and principles. Every good investigator before taking up a problem makes a survey of the field in so far as it relates to the questions which seem to him to press for solution. Perhaps I shall be pardoned, therefore, since you are meeting here, if I call to your attention some of the principal lines of investigation in poultry husbandry which have been carefully carried out in the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and the results. Before going into any details, however, I desire to emphasize in the light of my experience, the necessity for the utmost care in conducting investigational work. It is of first importance that the investigator have a clear-cut, well-defined problem, and if the problem is one which in the nature of things
is complex it should be taken up point by point and, as a rule, only one point at a time. It is essential that variations of every description, except those bearing upon the particular point under investigation, shall be eliminated. The problems under investigation in this Experiment Station in the earlier years were relatively simple problems, practically all of them having for their object the discovery of facts bearing upon the economy of egg production. The results, I think I may be pardoned for saying, are I believe very reliable both because the principle just enunciated was carefully observed and because the work was long continued. I will not weary you with much detail, but I want to call attention to the fact that in comparing flocks under different managements with a view to determining which, economically considered, was the better, the flocks were kept in detached houses of precisely similar dimensions and construction, the birds in each of the flocks under comparison were of the same breeding and most carefully matched as to shape, general appearance, development and weight. In testing different methods of feeding each experiment, as a rule, lasted six months and, as I have already stated is important, each experiment was repeated a considerable number of times. The following were among the points tested:
American Association of Instructors and Investigators In Poultry Husbandry Vol. IV
New Brunswick, N. J., February, J9J8
No.
CONTENTS. •
EASTERN COLLEGES HOLD SECOND FEEDING CONFERENCE ON CHICK FEEDING. Representatives of the State Colleges of New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut and New Jersey met in conference at the Hotel Prince George, New York City, Saturday, December 29th, 1917, to discuss the problem of chick feeding under existing conditions, and to adopt a Standardized W a r Ration for Chicks. It was appreciated that this question will soon be a very vital one where chicks are reared in considerable numbers, and the limitation as to the usage of wheat contributes to make the problem still more acute. After careful consideration the representatives of the four colleges assembled approved the following rations and recommended methods of feeding and authorized their immediate publication and release for general use. Chick Rations and Methods of Feeding CHICK SCRATCH Fine Cracked Corn 70 lbs. Steel Cut Oats 20 lbs. Cracked Wheat 10 lbs. 100 lbs. Possible Changes: 1. If steel cut oats are not available increase the amount of cracked corn. 2. When chicks are about six weeks of age the above chick scratch may be mixed by substituting coarse cracked corn for the fine cracked corn and whole wheat for the cracked wheat. 3. After chicks are ten weeks of age the Standardized War Scratch Ration for Laying Hens, previously adopted, should be gradually substituted for the above chick scratch. The Standardized War Scratch is Application
Page 33 34 35 36 37 38
composed of the following ingredients: Cracked Corn 500 lbs. Feed Wheat 100 lbs. Heavy Oats 100 lbs. Barley 200 lbs. 1000 lbs. CHICK MASH The following chick mash is recommended: Wheat Bran 300 lbs. Wheat middlings 100 lbs. Corn meal 100 lbs. Gluten feed 100 .lbs. Ground oats 100 lbs. Meat scrap 100 lbs. This mash can be readily obtained by adding 100 lbs. of wheat bran to every 300 lbs. of the Standardized War Laying Mash, as previously adopted. METHODS OF FEEDING During the first week feed the above chick scratch ration 4 or 5 times daily, feeding same sparingly or what they will clean up and be hungry at each succeeding feeding. From the third day on keep wheat bran before them all the time. During the second week feed grain 3 or 4 times daily and substitute chick mash for the wheat bran. During the fifth week feed grain 2 or 3 times daily and substitute Standardized War Mash for Laying Hens for the Chick Mash. Make all changes of feed gradually. Skim milk or buttermilk is considered indispensable in the feeding of baby chicks especially during the first week, which period is especially critical in the development of the growing chick. In order to insure that all chicks become familiar with the milk and secure a sufficient amount it is further recommended that no water be given during t h e first week. If milk is available it is recommended that its use be continued.
made for entry as second class matter at New Brunswick, 33
N. «/., P. O.
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at North Dakota State University on May 29, 2015
Eastern Colleges Hold Second Feeding Conference on Chick Feeding Address of Welcome Effects of Sub-normal temperature upon the chick embryo in incubation.. Cooperative Marketing of Poultry in New York State Graduate study in Poultry Husbandry ; Feeding for Egg Production, Animal versus Vegetable protein
Green food should be fed after the first week. Signed, W. F. K1RKPATRICK, . Connecticut Agricultural College. A. G. LUNN, Massachusetts Agricultural College. G-. F. HEUSEK, Cornell University. H. R. LEWIS, University of the State of New Jersey. ADDRESS OF WELCOME
34
1. The effect of condition powder used in accordance with directions furnished by the manufacturers, on egg production. This experiment was three times repeated and the results indicated clearly that these powders have no food value. 2. The influence of the cock on egg production. This experiment was twice repeated and the results indicated there was no influence on the number of eggs produced. There was an influence, however, on the weight of the eggs, this being greater in the flocks where the male was kept with the females. ' 3 . To determine comparative value of cut fresh bone and animal meal as constituents of the ration. This experiment was five times repeated. The results indicated it to be extremely difficult so to feed cut fresh bone as to insure even division among the birds of a flock. It seemed impossible to prevent certain birds from over-eating of this very palatable food. As a consequence sickness and loss of fowls were more common on this food than on the animal meal, and the conclusion was that the latter is a better food than the cut fresh bone while at the same time costing less, labor in preparing the raw bone being taken into account. 4. Comparison of fine cut clover rowen and cabbages as constituents of the ration. This experiment was carried through only once. The fowls receiving the cabbages laid rather more
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at North Dakota State University on May 29, 2015
Eastern Sectional Meeting at Amherst It is a source of regret to me, and I know it must be so to you, that President Butterfield, who welcomed you to the Institution when you met here last, is not here to bid you welcome today: a source of regret because his felicitous expression of his thought on such occasions is always inspiring, and because I fear I cannot worthily discharge the duty I am undertaking. I am, nevertheless, glad that you have met here. I trust you already feel that you are welcome and that you will be made to feel this in constantly increasing measure during the period of your stay. The Institution is glad to welcome you because those connected with it feel that your coming here is an honor to the Institution and that your presence and your meetings will be an inspiration to all of us. I am certain that your deliberations and discussions will afford many suggestions of value to us in our work. You represent instructors and investigators in poultry husbandry. Were President Butterfield here he would, quite naturally, in addressing you dwell upon the educational features of your work. Since I represent the Experiment Station I am inclined, quite naturally, to dwell upon the investigational work which you represent. Investigation, as of course you understand, is always a venture into untried fields. It has for its object the discovery of new facts and principles. Every good investigator before taking up a problem makes a survey of the field in so far as it relates to the questions which seem to him to press for solution. Perhaps I shall be pardoned, therefore, since you are meeting here, if I call to your attention some of the principal lines of investigation in poultry husbandry which have been carefully carried out in the Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station and the results. Before going into any details, however, I desire to emphasize in the light of my experience, the necessity for the utmost care in conducting investigational work. It is of first importance that the investigator have a clear-cut, well-defined problem, and if the problem is one which in the nature of things
is complex it should be taken up point by point and, as a rule, only one point at a time. It is essential that variations of every description, except those bearing upon the particular point under investigation, shall be eliminated. The problems under investigation in this Experiment Station in the earlier years were relatively simple problems, practically all of them having for their object the discovery of facts bearing upon the economy of egg production. The results, I think I may be pardoned for saying, are I believe very reliable both because the principle just enunciated was carefully observed and because the work was long continued. I will not weary you with much detail, but I want to call attention to the fact that in comparing flocks under different managements with a view to determining which, economically considered, was the better, the flocks were kept in detached houses of precisely similar dimensions and construction, the birds in each of the flocks under comparison were of the same breeding and most carefully matched as to shape, general appearance, development and weight. In testing different methods of feeding each experiment, as a rule, lasted six months and, as I have already stated is important, each experiment was repeated a considerable number of times. The following were among the points tested: