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Ectopic pupil associated with iris coloboma in FLS mice
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Abstracts / Reproductive Toxicology 24 (2007) 57–80
normal BALB/c embryos by GD 12.0 and the basement lamina of both fissure margins gradually disintegrated and disappeared at GD 13.0. A failure of basement membrane disintegration seems to be one of the main factors involved in failure of closure of the optic fissure in FLS mice. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.04.014 Ectopic pupil associated with iris coloboma in FLS mice Y. Kodama 1 , T. Matsuura 2 , K. Kita 2 , K. Ozaki 2 , I. Narama 2 1 Laboratory
of Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan; 2 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan A complicated intraocular malformation accompanied by retinal coloboma and fold formation was detected in an inbred strain of albino mice (FLS; fatty liver Shionogi). Defective iris formation had been frequently observed in some strains of mice with retinal coloboma in previous papers. The aim of this study is to clarify the morphologic characteristics of iris in this strain. After the clinical observation of anterior chamber using a penlight and surgical microscope (non-invasive method) on both eyes of 5-week-old male and female FLS mice, animals were killed, and the eyeballs were fixed by perfusion. After the elimination of lens, length of the iris was measured, and the anterior chamber and the fundus were observed under the stereoscopic microscope. Furthermore, histopathological examination was done on the serial sections of the eyes. Downward deviation of the pupil was frequently observed in alive FLS mice by clinical observation. Stereoscopic examination revealed that the iris at the lower region was significantly shorter than that at the other area, and invagination of the ciliary body and partial retinal coloboma were always accompanied by hypoplasia of the iris. Histologically, shortened iris was hypoplastic and associated with severe or complete loss of pupillary sphincter muscle. All mice with anomaly detected by non-invasive method constantly provided stereoscopic and histological changes. Conclusion: It is evident that FLS mice show coloboma of the retina and iris with high frequency. These abnormalities were proved to be detectable by a non-invasive method. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.04.015 Knowledge and use of folic acid in Iranian pregnant women Kashani1 1 ,
Zahedi 2 ,
Elham Mehdi Tameskani Afsanhe Tabande 1 , Elham Mobasheri 1 , Mohammad Jafar Golalipoor 3 1 Department
of Gynecology, Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; 2 Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; 3 Department of Embryology, Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Periconception use of multivitamins containing folic acid can reduce a woman’s risk of having a baby with a neural-tube
defect. The aim of this study was to examine folic acid knowledge and use, and their determinants among gravid 1 women in Gorgan—North of Iran. Three hundred and fifty gravid 1 women attending their initial booking appointment in Dezyani hospital were surveyed. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used with questions on folic acid knowledge and use, and demographic and obstetric questions. A univariate analysis of data was undertaken followed by a multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Sixty eight percent of respondents had heard of folic acid, 7% had taken it before pregnancy and 40.4% after second month of pregnancy. The most common information sources on folate were physicians (48.3%). Univariate regression analysis showed that ever hearing about folic acid was significantly associated with the level of education (OR: 0.17, 0.31, 0.54, 95% CI: 0.07–0.40, 0.12–0.75, 0.28–1.06, P-value: 0.001, 0.01, 0.01 for education at the level of Primary, Secondary, High school, respectively. Education at the level of University and above was considered as reference category). Many women know of folic acid but do not take it per-conceptionally. Greater emphasis on peri-conceptional use should improve folic acid uptake but majority of pregnancies are unplanned. It emphasizes the need for immediate and continuous public health education initiative about FA intake targeted to the women of childbearing age before their pregnancies have occurred and fortified foods and/or supplements and to consume a balanced, healthy diet of foliate-rich foods. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.04.016 Neural tube defects associated with prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs K. Flipsen-ten Berg 1 , A.C.C. van Oppen 2 , J.M.L. Wentgesvan Holthe 3 , P.C.J.I. Schielen 3 , D.A.J.E. Lambrechts 4 , R.J. Galjaard 5 , D. Lindhout 1 1 Department
of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2 Department of Gynecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 3 National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; 4 Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands; 5 Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Purpose: To study the clinical spectrum and the reliability of prenatal diagnosis in cases of neural tube defects (NTDs) associated with prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the Netherlands. Methods: Data were collected on congenital malformations, maternal disease, use of AEDs and folic acid, and prenatal testing. Results: From AED prescription rates and NTD risks specific to AED, we estimated that, since 1970, there should be ∼150 NTD cases associated with maternal AED use in the Netherlands. Our first 79 cases included 74 (94%) spina bifida aperta and 2 spina bifida occulta, with lumbar/sacral localisation in
Abstracts / Reproductive Toxicology 24 (2007) 57–80
normal BALB/c embryos by GD 12.0 and the basement lamina of both fissure margins gradually disintegrated and disappeared at GD 13.0. A failure of basement membrane disintegration seems to be one of the main factors involved in failure of closure of the optic fissure in FLS mice. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.04.014 Ectopic pupil associated with iris coloboma in FLS mice Y. Kodama 1 , T. Matsuura 2 , K. Kita 2 , K. Ozaki 2 , I. Narama 2 1 Laboratory
of Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan; 2 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan A complicated intraocular malformation accompanied by retinal coloboma and fold formation was detected in an inbred strain of albino mice (FLS; fatty liver Shionogi). Defective iris formation had been frequently observed in some strains of mice with retinal coloboma in previous papers. The aim of this study is to clarify the morphologic characteristics of iris in this strain. After the clinical observation of anterior chamber using a penlight and surgical microscope (non-invasive method) on both eyes of 5-week-old male and female FLS mice, animals were killed, and the eyeballs were fixed by perfusion. After the elimination of lens, length of the iris was measured, and the anterior chamber and the fundus were observed under the stereoscopic microscope. Furthermore, histopathological examination was done on the serial sections of the eyes. Downward deviation of the pupil was frequently observed in alive FLS mice by clinical observation. Stereoscopic examination revealed that the iris at the lower region was significantly shorter than that at the other area, and invagination of the ciliary body and partial retinal coloboma were always accompanied by hypoplasia of the iris. Histologically, shortened iris was hypoplastic and associated with severe or complete loss of pupillary sphincter muscle. All mice with anomaly detected by non-invasive method constantly provided stereoscopic and histological changes. Conclusion: It is evident that FLS mice show coloboma of the retina and iris with high frequency. These abnormalities were proved to be detectable by a non-invasive method. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.04.015 Knowledge and use of folic acid in Iranian pregnant women Kashani1 1 ,
Zahedi 2 ,
Elham Mehdi Tameskani Afsanhe Tabande 1 , Elham Mobasheri 1 , Mohammad Jafar Golalipoor 3 1 Department
of Gynecology, Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; 2 Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; 3 Department of Embryology, Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Periconception use of multivitamins containing folic acid can reduce a woman’s risk of having a baby with a neural-tube
defect. The aim of this study was to examine folic acid knowledge and use, and their determinants among gravid 1 women in Gorgan—North of Iran. Three hundred and fifty gravid 1 women attending their initial booking appointment in Dezyani hospital were surveyed. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used with questions on folic acid knowledge and use, and demographic and obstetric questions. A univariate analysis of data was undertaken followed by a multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Sixty eight percent of respondents had heard of folic acid, 7% had taken it before pregnancy and 40.4% after second month of pregnancy. The most common information sources on folate were physicians (48.3%). Univariate regression analysis showed that ever hearing about folic acid was significantly associated with the level of education (OR: 0.17, 0.31, 0.54, 95% CI: 0.07–0.40, 0.12–0.75, 0.28–1.06, P-value: 0.001, 0.01, 0.01 for education at the level of Primary, Secondary, High school, respectively. Education at the level of University and above was considered as reference category). Many women know of folic acid but do not take it per-conceptionally. Greater emphasis on peri-conceptional use should improve folic acid uptake but majority of pregnancies are unplanned. It emphasizes the need for immediate and continuous public health education initiative about FA intake targeted to the women of childbearing age before their pregnancies have occurred and fortified foods and/or supplements and to consume a balanced, healthy diet of foliate-rich foods. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.04.016 Neural tube defects associated with prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs K. Flipsen-ten Berg 1 , A.C.C. van Oppen 2 , J.M.L. Wentgesvan Holthe 3 , P.C.J.I. Schielen 3 , D.A.J.E. Lambrechts 4 , R.J. Galjaard 5 , D. Lindhout 1 1 Department
of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2 Department of Gynecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 3 National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; 4 Epilepsy Centre Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands; 5 Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Purpose: To study the clinical spectrum and the reliability of prenatal diagnosis in cases of neural tube defects (NTDs) associated with prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the Netherlands. Methods: Data were collected on congenital malformations, maternal disease, use of AEDs and folic acid, and prenatal testing. Results: From AED prescription rates and NTD risks specific to AED, we estimated that, since 1970, there should be ∼150 NTD cases associated with maternal AED use in the Netherlands. Our first 79 cases included 74 (94%) spina bifida aperta and 2 spina bifida occulta, with lumbar/sacral localisation in