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Eddy current examination of steel wires—results
41411 Yi, G.;Sayer, M.;Wu, Z. Piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate coatings on metallic wires Electronics Letters, Vol. 25, No. 14, pp. 907-908 (6 Jul. 1989) Acoustic measurements of thin piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films coated on metallic wires are presented. These experiments have demonstrated that PZT coatings fabricated by a sol-gel process can not only be coated on curved metal substrates for high-frequency focused ultrasonic transducer applications, but also can be coated on metallic wires with a long coating length for low-frequency acoustic vibrators. 41312 Anon. Testing cable integrity with E C A D Nuclear Engineering International, Vol. 34, No, ~,17, pp. 55-56 (Apr. 1989) The success of the Electronic Characterization and Diagnostics ECAD data acquisition system at San Onofre in the United States persuaded Southern California Edison to incorporate the system into its cable monitoring programme. The firm has found that ECAD eliminates the reliability problems of conventional, hand-held instruments as well as reducing testing times for each circuit. 41103 Hanasaki, K.; Tsukada, K.; Fujinaka, Y.; Mitamura, T.; Sugii, K. A magnetic m e t h o d to m e a s u r e metallic cross-sectional a r e a of corroded steel wire Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1270-1272. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. This paper introduces a simple method to measure the cross-sectional area along a corroded steel wire using a coaxial search coil. The irregular changes in the cross-section areas is measured in terms of the change in the amount of longitudinal magnetic flux inside the wire while it is magnetized up to the point of saturation. The reduction in the tensile strength of a corroded wire is directly proportional to the loss in the metallic cross-sectional area for the initial fifteen percent area loss. As the area loss increases, the relative strength reduction becomes slightly greater than the area loss.
Tietze, M. Hot wire inspection by computer-controlled eddy current testing
41095
Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands) 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1363-1368. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. A future-oriented concept for hot wire testing has been generated to meet the requirements of practical testing applications. Thanks to its open computer structure it is offering optimum capabilities for new production technologies (CAQ) and the associated computer link-ups. Introduction of a novel accumulation method during flaw event counting results in obviously improved overall sensitivity in flaw detection. 41093 Bubeck, E.; Kalisch, A.; Stritzke, G. High sensitive nondestructive flaw testing of wires, b a r s and tubes Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands) 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. t328-1330. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. The high sophisticated eddy current device CIRCOGRAPH S for surface flaw detection on wires, bars and tubes is distinguished by an enhanced flaw detectability of flaw depths of about 30 micro meters. This is achieved by using a totally new transmitter systems and new electronics, giving the user a reliable and comfortable system that can be composed individually due to its modular setup.
41092
Tietze, M.
Studies on testing steel wires and f e r r o u s inclusion detection in nonferrous metals Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1321-1323. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. Two specific modes of application of eddy current test systems in finishing lines are discussed for high sensitivity testing of steel wires or wire hers and for use in production lines to detect ferrous panicles in non-ferrous metals. Latest style combined test systems permit flaws to be detected in steel wires with a depth down to approx. 30 micro meters and ferrous particles to be found in non-ferrous wires with a smallest detectable mass of approx. 0.03 mg.
Hunik, R. Detection and sizing of cables and leads with sub-surface r a d a r
41069
Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1261-1266. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. The detection of cables and leads is improved by applying imaging techniques such as the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). Images of buried cables and leads in an experimental garden as well as in practical situations are shown. A high resolution and signal-to- noise ratio are obtained. An experimental arrangement is described to simulate sub-surface experiments. The arrangement consists of a container filled with an oil-water emulsion with a relative dielectric constant variable from 2 to 20. With this arrangement a new sizing technique using linearly polarized radar waves is tested. Results are promising. 41066 Mottl, J.S. Fast thickness control of electroplatcd coatings on c o p p e r wires and small, mass-produced elements Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands) 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1345-1347. Edited by J. Booganrd and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. Presented in poster form, this paper briefly summarizes the activities of the
326
Electrotechnical Institute in fast thickness measurements of electroplated coatings mainly made from gold, silver and tin on small, mass-produced elements and copper wires. These measurements use the X- ray fluorescence method with the radioactive isotope Plutonium 238. Two types of thickness gauges developed and produced in Poland are described here. Some special applications of the X-ray fluorescence gauge for the measurement of magnetic emulsion thickness process control for audio and video tapes production is described as well. 41042 Z~ukada, K.; Hanasaki. K.; Ftqinaka, Y. Non-contact acoustic detection of wire breakage in steel wire ropes utilizing inverse magnetostrictive effect Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr, 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1267-1269. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. This paper introduces a new non-contact method for monitoring the acoustic emissions caused by wire breakage in steel wire rope. The method utilizes the inverse magnetostrictive effect which is inherent in steel wires. The sensor to catch the stress wave produced by wire breaks is a coil coaxial to the rope; the portion near the coil is magnetized longitudinally. In the experiment this method was applied during the tensile test of wire ropes. It was found that the acoustic signals obtained using this method are clearer t h ~ those obtained by piezoelectric transducers, and are large enough to interpret the process of propagation of stress waves from wire breaks including subsequent reflections. 40706 Toros, R.; Visintin, R.; Trentini Function testing of magnetic e q u i p m e n t s for the inspection of steel cables (In Italian) Giornale deUe Prove non Distruttive, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 77-80 (1988) 40699 Tsukada, K.; Hanasaki, K.; Fujinaka, Y. Magnetic method to measure the cross sectional a r e a of corroded wire (In Japanese) Journal of Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection, Vol. 37, No. 9A, pp. 827-828 (Sep. 1988)
40664
Nicholson, N.C.; McDicken, W.N.; Anderson, T.
Waveguides in medical ultrasonics: an experimental study of mode
propagation Ultrasonics, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 101-t06 (Mar. 1989) Experimental results of ultrasound of varying frequency (0.8-5.0 MHz) propagating in cold drawn wires of stainless steel and aluminium ranging in diameter from 0.25 to 1.21 mm are in close agreement with theoretical predictions. This agreement is maintained when the coupling medium between the wire and the ultrasound source is a short distance of water. Similar measurements for brass and copper wires are in less close agreement with theory due, probably, to the effect of greater anisotropy.
Grimberg, R.; Olteanu, I.; Cristea, T.; Goia, M.; Gradinariu, D.; Plavanescu, R.; Bacanu, T.; Andreescu, A.; Apavaloaie, D. 40342
Eddy c u r r e n t examination of steel wires - results Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom), 13-17 Sep. 1987. Vol. 2, pp. 1220-1229. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988) The work presents the principles, description, operation and results obtained with an eddy current equipment for NDT, designed and produced at the Center of Technical Physics and installed at the Metal Works Cimpia Turzii. In order to make long or short cracks visible, a rotating magnetic field is used for excitation, the output signal being picked-up with two coils differentially coupled. The data processing is performed by means of a microprocessor computing system, also permitting self-testing of the installation. The installation sprays two colours of paint depending on the depth of defects. Three cl~s~s of quality have been used, namely: faultless zones, zones with small defects, and great defects. 40161 Blyden, W.A.; Poehler, T.O. EPR imaging investigation of d a m a g e in polymeric solids Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Williamsburg, Virginia (United States), 22-26 Jun. 1987. Vol. 7A, pp. 295-298. Edited by D.D.Thompson and D.E.Chimenti, Plenum Press, 1988. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is now used as a tool for nondestructive evaluation in polymeric materials. EPR was an attractive n-~thod for NDE of nylon rope especially iftbe rope was modified by the introduction of spin trapping dopants. A correlation was established between the degree of nw,ehanical damage and the magnitude of the EPR signal. Investigations of the feasibility of EPR as an bIDE method for larger structures emphasized the need for tree three dimensional information about damage sites. This led to the introduction of imaging techniques into the EPR investigations. High resolution images could be formed with artificially produced specimens that exhibited the optimal EPR paranmters of nan'ow, single lines. The resolutionof the images was much poorerwhen materials with.broad, complex spectra were investigated. As the latter is the more common c,u¢. ~ of deriving useful information from complex spectra v~m investigated. Maltmnmical deconvolntion techniques can be used to make higher resolution images in 'normal' solids and this approach will be discussed in detail in this paper.
Winter, J.M. Jr.; Green, R.E. Jr. Nondestructive evaluation of synthetic nylon rope using mechanical spectroscopy 1 lth World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, l.,as Vegas, Nevada (United States), 3-8 Nov. 1985.VoL 2, pp. 779-805. Taylor PublishingCo., Dallas (1985) 39669
N D T & E I n t e r n a t i o n a l D e c e m b e r 1991
Tietze, M. Hot wire inspection by computer-controlled eddy current testing
41095
Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands) 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1363-1368. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. A future-oriented concept for hot wire testing has been generated to meet the requirements of practical testing applications. Thanks to its open computer structure it is offering optimum capabilities for new production technologies (CAQ) and the associated computer link-ups. Introduction of a novel accumulation method during flaw event counting results in obviously improved overall sensitivity in flaw detection. 41093 Bubeck, E.; Kalisch, A.; Stritzke, G. High sensitive nondestructive flaw testing of wires, b a r s and tubes Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands) 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. t328-1330. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. The high sophisticated eddy current device CIRCOGRAPH S for surface flaw detection on wires, bars and tubes is distinguished by an enhanced flaw detectability of flaw depths of about 30 micro meters. This is achieved by using a totally new transmitter systems and new electronics, giving the user a reliable and comfortable system that can be composed individually due to its modular setup.
41092
Tietze, M.
Studies on testing steel wires and f e r r o u s inclusion detection in nonferrous metals Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1321-1323. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. Two specific modes of application of eddy current test systems in finishing lines are discussed for high sensitivity testing of steel wires or wire hers and for use in production lines to detect ferrous panicles in non-ferrous metals. Latest style combined test systems permit flaws to be detected in steel wires with a depth down to approx. 30 micro meters and ferrous particles to be found in non-ferrous wires with a smallest detectable mass of approx. 0.03 mg.
Hunik, R. Detection and sizing of cables and leads with sub-surface r a d a r
41069
Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1261-1266. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. The detection of cables and leads is improved by applying imaging techniques such as the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). Images of buried cables and leads in an experimental garden as well as in practical situations are shown. A high resolution and signal-to- noise ratio are obtained. An experimental arrangement is described to simulate sub-surface experiments. The arrangement consists of a container filled with an oil-water emulsion with a relative dielectric constant variable from 2 to 20. With this arrangement a new sizing technique using linearly polarized radar waves is tested. Results are promising. 41066 Mottl, J.S. Fast thickness control of electroplatcd coatings on c o p p e r wires and small, mass-produced elements Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands) 23-28 Apr. 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1345-1347. Edited by J. Booganrd and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. Presented in poster form, this paper briefly summarizes the activities of the
326
Electrotechnical Institute in fast thickness measurements of electroplated coatings mainly made from gold, silver and tin on small, mass-produced elements and copper wires. These measurements use the X- ray fluorescence method with the radioactive isotope Plutonium 238. Two types of thickness gauges developed and produced in Poland are described here. Some special applications of the X-ray fluorescence gauge for the measurement of magnetic emulsion thickness process control for audio and video tapes production is described as well. 41042 Z~ukada, K.; Hanasaki. K.; Ftqinaka, Y. Non-contact acoustic detection of wire breakage in steel wire ropes utilizing inverse magnetostrictive effect Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Amsterdam (Netherlands), 23-28 Apr, 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 1267-1269. Edited by J. Boogaard and G.M. van Dijk, Elsevier, 1989. This paper introduces a new non-contact method for monitoring the acoustic emissions caused by wire breakage in steel wire rope. The method utilizes the inverse magnetostrictive effect which is inherent in steel wires. The sensor to catch the stress wave produced by wire breaks is a coil coaxial to the rope; the portion near the coil is magnetized longitudinally. In the experiment this method was applied during the tensile test of wire ropes. It was found that the acoustic signals obtained using this method are clearer t h ~ those obtained by piezoelectric transducers, and are large enough to interpret the process of propagation of stress waves from wire breaks including subsequent reflections. 40706 Toros, R.; Visintin, R.; Trentini Function testing of magnetic e q u i p m e n t s for the inspection of steel cables (In Italian) Giornale deUe Prove non Distruttive, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 77-80 (1988) 40699 Tsukada, K.; Hanasaki, K.; Fujinaka, Y. Magnetic method to measure the cross sectional a r e a of corroded wire (In Japanese) Journal of Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection, Vol. 37, No. 9A, pp. 827-828 (Sep. 1988)
40664
Nicholson, N.C.; McDicken, W.N.; Anderson, T.
Waveguides in medical ultrasonics: an experimental study of mode
propagation Ultrasonics, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 101-t06 (Mar. 1989) Experimental results of ultrasound of varying frequency (0.8-5.0 MHz) propagating in cold drawn wires of stainless steel and aluminium ranging in diameter from 0.25 to 1.21 mm are in close agreement with theoretical predictions. This agreement is maintained when the coupling medium between the wire and the ultrasound source is a short distance of water. Similar measurements for brass and copper wires are in less close agreement with theory due, probably, to the effect of greater anisotropy.
Grimberg, R.; Olteanu, I.; Cristea, T.; Goia, M.; Gradinariu, D.; Plavanescu, R.; Bacanu, T.; Andreescu, A.; Apavaloaie, D. 40342
Eddy c u r r e n t examination of steel wires - results Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London (United Kingdom), 13-17 Sep. 1987. Vol. 2, pp. 1220-1229. Pergamon Press, 3173 pp. (1988) The work presents the principles, description, operation and results obtained with an eddy current equipment for NDT, designed and produced at the Center of Technical Physics and installed at the Metal Works Cimpia Turzii. In order to make long or short cracks visible, a rotating magnetic field is used for excitation, the output signal being picked-up with two coils differentially coupled. The data processing is performed by means of a microprocessor computing system, also permitting self-testing of the installation. The installation sprays two colours of paint depending on the depth of defects. Three cl~s~s of quality have been used, namely: faultless zones, zones with small defects, and great defects. 40161 Blyden, W.A.; Poehler, T.O. EPR imaging investigation of d a m a g e in polymeric solids Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Williamsburg, Virginia (United States), 22-26 Jun. 1987. Vol. 7A, pp. 295-298. Edited by D.D.Thompson and D.E.Chimenti, Plenum Press, 1988. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is now used as a tool for nondestructive evaluation in polymeric materials. EPR was an attractive n-~thod for NDE of nylon rope especially iftbe rope was modified by the introduction of spin trapping dopants. A correlation was established between the degree of nw,ehanical damage and the magnitude of the EPR signal. Investigations of the feasibility of EPR as an bIDE method for larger structures emphasized the need for tree three dimensional information about damage sites. This led to the introduction of imaging techniques into the EPR investigations. High resolution images could be formed with artificially produced specimens that exhibited the optimal EPR paranmters of nan'ow, single lines. The resolutionof the images was much poorerwhen materials with.broad, complex spectra were investigated. As the latter is the more common c,u¢. ~ of deriving useful information from complex spectra v~m investigated. Maltmnmical deconvolntion techniques can be used to make higher resolution images in 'normal' solids and this approach will be discussed in detail in this paper.
Winter, J.M. Jr.; Green, R.E. Jr. Nondestructive evaluation of synthetic nylon rope using mechanical spectroscopy 1 lth World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, l.,as Vegas, Nevada (United States), 3-8 Nov. 1985.VoL 2, pp. 779-805. Taylor PublishingCo., Dallas (1985) 39669
N D T & E I n t e r n a t i o n a l D e c e m b e r 1991