- Email: [email protected]
Educational technology in the teaching of chemistry
BIOCHEMICAL EDUCATION
July 1976
This has proven to be an instructive and challenging experiment for junior and senior college students who have had one year of organic chemistry and one quarter of biochemistry lecture.
HUBERMAN, J. A. (1973), Structure of chromosome fibers and chromosomes in Annual Review of Biochemistry, 42 (ed. E. E. Snell), pp 355-78. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews Inc.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
JOHNS, E. W. and BUTLER, J. A. V. (1962), Further fractionations of histones from calf thymus. Biochemical Journal, 82, 15-18.
We are grateful to Mr. Ed Cook of the Washington Department of Fisheries Skagit Hatchery for assistance in obtaining salmon testes.
REFERENCES ANDO, T. and WATANABE, S. (1969), A new method for fractionation of protamines and the amino acid sequences of salmine and three components of iridine. International Journal of Protein Research, 1,221-4. BECK, D. E. and BRAITHWAITE, L. F. (1962), Invertebrate Zoology, pp 283-9. Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing Co. BONNER, J., CHALKLEY, G. R., DAHMUS, M., FAMBROUGH, D., FUJIMURA, F., HUANG, R.-C. C., HUBERMAN, J., JENSEN, R., MARUSHIGE, K., OHLENBUSCH, H., OLIVERA, B. and WIDHOLM, J. (1968), Isolation and characterization of chromosomal nucleoproteins in Methods in Enzymoiogy, 12B (eds. L. Grossman and K. Moldave), pp 3-65. New York: Academic Press. BREWER, J. M. and ASHWORTH, R. B. (1969), Disc electrophoresis. Journal of Chemical Education, 46, 41-5. CLARKE, J. T. (1964), Simplified "disc" (polyacrylamide gel) electrophoresis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 121, 428-36. COHN, P. and SIMSON, P. (1963), Basic and other proteins in microsomes of rat liver. Biochemical Journal, 88, 206. DAVIS, B. J. (1964), Disc electrophoresis - - II. Method and application to human serum proteins. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 121,404-27.
Vol. 4
No. 3
55
JOHNS, E. W. (1967), The electrophoresis of histones in polyacrylamide gel and their quantitative determination. Biochemical Journal, 104, 78. MARUSHIGE, K. and DIXON, G. H. (1969), Developmental changes in chromosomal composition and template activity during spermatogenesis in trout testis. Developmental Biology, 19, 397414. ORNSTEIN, L. (1964), Disc electrophoresis - - I. Background and theory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 121,321-49. PANYIM, S. and CHALKLEY, R. (1969), High resolution acrylamide gel electrophoresis of histones. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 130, 337-46. PANYIM, S., SOMMER, K. R. and CHALKLEY, R. (1971), Oxidation of the cysteine-containing histone f3. Detection of an evolutionary mutation in a conservative histone. Biochemistry, 10, 3911-17. PENG, R. K. Y. and WILLIAMS, D. C. (1973), Partial purification and some enzymatic properties of proteolytic enzyme fractions isolated from Pisaster ochraceus (echinoderm) pyloric caeca. Comparative Biochemistry an d Physiology, 44B, 1207-17. POTTER, V. R. (1955), Tissue homogenates in Methods in Enzymology, q, (eds. S. P. Colowick and N. O. Kaplan), pp 10-19. New York: Academic Press. RACUSEN D. and WHITE, L. (1972), A unified apparatus for paper and gel electrophoresis. Journal of Chemical Education, 49, 439-40. RASMUSSEN, P. S., MURRAY, K. and LUCK, J. M. (1962), On the complexity of calf thymus histone. Biochemistry, 1, 79-89.
DE LANGE, R. J. and SMITH, E. L. (1971), Histones: structure and function in Annual Review of Biochemistry, 40, (ed. E. E. Snell), pp 279-314. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews Inc.
RENDINA, G. (1971), Experimental Methods in Modern Biochemistry, pp 79-90. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company.
FELIX, K. (1960), Protamines in Advances in Protein Chemistry, 15, (eds. C. B. Anfinsen, Jr., M. L. Anson, K. Bailey, and J. T. Edsall), pp 1-56. New York: Academic Press.
SHIH, T. Y. and BONNER, J. (1970), Thermal denaturation and template properties of DNA complexes with purified histone fractions. Journal of Molecular Biology, 48,469-87.
Educational Technology in the Teaching of Chemistry IUPAC. Ed. by C. N. R. Rao. F r o m I U P A C Secretariat: Bank Court C h a m b e r s , 2-3 P o u n d Way, Cowley Centre, Oxford OX4 3YF, E n g l a n d . US $3.00. This useful publication contains the proceedings of an international symposium on the subject held in Madrid, 6-7 September 1975. It consists of 10 symposium papers followed by brief reports from many countries. The titles of the papers are: Enhanced Potentialities of New Educational Technology. Developments in the Tools of Educational Technology in Chemical Education During the Last Decade. Educational and Other Factors Affecting the Selection of Techniques for Effective Teaching. Mass Media and Chemical Education. Effectiveness of Tools of Modern Educational Technology in the Teaching of Chemistry in the Classroom and Laboratory. Programmed Learning in Chemistry: Where do Computers Come in? Computer-Assisted Instruction on Chemical Education. Educational Technology in Developing Countries: Problems and Challenges. International Cooperation ih Educational Technology.
Each of the papers is followed by a bibliography which in some cases extends to more than 200 references. There is no doubt therefore that this is a most useful compendium and represents a sound book for biochemists. Sometimes I found the Chapters rather dull reading in that they consisted of lists of techniques and references, in other cases the author seemed to be overdoing his enthusiasm but in general the approach is relatively realistic. In this respect I thought that L. J. Haynes, of the Open University, in his consideration of "Mass Media and Chemical Education" was especially interesting. He emphasizes that radio and T.V. are used for "Enrichment" rather than direct teaching and I am sure that this is a general truth. I rather suspect that the most useful aspect of the new technology is to bring the contents of courses and the way they are taught out into the open. Too often is teaching a private matter between teacher and taught. The discussions which the technology leads to should cause a reappraisal which can only do good. Even if they only make the teacher seem more enthusiastic they will have been worthwhile. Its good to see IUPAC and their Committee on Teaching of Chemistry making such an effort for the world needs chemists and we have got to find a way of presenting this hard science in an interesting manner. P. N. Campbell
July 1976
This has proven to be an instructive and challenging experiment for junior and senior college students who have had one year of organic chemistry and one quarter of biochemistry lecture.
HUBERMAN, J. A. (1973), Structure of chromosome fibers and chromosomes in Annual Review of Biochemistry, 42 (ed. E. E. Snell), pp 355-78. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews Inc.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
JOHNS, E. W. and BUTLER, J. A. V. (1962), Further fractionations of histones from calf thymus. Biochemical Journal, 82, 15-18.
We are grateful to Mr. Ed Cook of the Washington Department of Fisheries Skagit Hatchery for assistance in obtaining salmon testes.
REFERENCES ANDO, T. and WATANABE, S. (1969), A new method for fractionation of protamines and the amino acid sequences of salmine and three components of iridine. International Journal of Protein Research, 1,221-4. BECK, D. E. and BRAITHWAITE, L. F. (1962), Invertebrate Zoology, pp 283-9. Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing Co. BONNER, J., CHALKLEY, G. R., DAHMUS, M., FAMBROUGH, D., FUJIMURA, F., HUANG, R.-C. C., HUBERMAN, J., JENSEN, R., MARUSHIGE, K., OHLENBUSCH, H., OLIVERA, B. and WIDHOLM, J. (1968), Isolation and characterization of chromosomal nucleoproteins in Methods in Enzymoiogy, 12B (eds. L. Grossman and K. Moldave), pp 3-65. New York: Academic Press. BREWER, J. M. and ASHWORTH, R. B. (1969), Disc electrophoresis. Journal of Chemical Education, 46, 41-5. CLARKE, J. T. (1964), Simplified "disc" (polyacrylamide gel) electrophoresis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 121, 428-36. COHN, P. and SIMSON, P. (1963), Basic and other proteins in microsomes of rat liver. Biochemical Journal, 88, 206. DAVIS, B. J. (1964), Disc electrophoresis - - II. Method and application to human serum proteins. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 121,404-27.
Vol. 4
No. 3
55
JOHNS, E. W. (1967), The electrophoresis of histones in polyacrylamide gel and their quantitative determination. Biochemical Journal, 104, 78. MARUSHIGE, K. and DIXON, G. H. (1969), Developmental changes in chromosomal composition and template activity during spermatogenesis in trout testis. Developmental Biology, 19, 397414. ORNSTEIN, L. (1964), Disc electrophoresis - - I. Background and theory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 121,321-49. PANYIM, S. and CHALKLEY, R. (1969), High resolution acrylamide gel electrophoresis of histones. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 130, 337-46. PANYIM, S., SOMMER, K. R. and CHALKLEY, R. (1971), Oxidation of the cysteine-containing histone f3. Detection of an evolutionary mutation in a conservative histone. Biochemistry, 10, 3911-17. PENG, R. K. Y. and WILLIAMS, D. C. (1973), Partial purification and some enzymatic properties of proteolytic enzyme fractions isolated from Pisaster ochraceus (echinoderm) pyloric caeca. Comparative Biochemistry an d Physiology, 44B, 1207-17. POTTER, V. R. (1955), Tissue homogenates in Methods in Enzymology, q, (eds. S. P. Colowick and N. O. Kaplan), pp 10-19. New York: Academic Press. RACUSEN D. and WHITE, L. (1972), A unified apparatus for paper and gel electrophoresis. Journal of Chemical Education, 49, 439-40. RASMUSSEN, P. S., MURRAY, K. and LUCK, J. M. (1962), On the complexity of calf thymus histone. Biochemistry, 1, 79-89.
DE LANGE, R. J. and SMITH, E. L. (1971), Histones: structure and function in Annual Review of Biochemistry, 40, (ed. E. E. Snell), pp 279-314. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews Inc.
RENDINA, G. (1971), Experimental Methods in Modern Biochemistry, pp 79-90. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company.
FELIX, K. (1960), Protamines in Advances in Protein Chemistry, 15, (eds. C. B. Anfinsen, Jr., M. L. Anson, K. Bailey, and J. T. Edsall), pp 1-56. New York: Academic Press.
SHIH, T. Y. and BONNER, J. (1970), Thermal denaturation and template properties of DNA complexes with purified histone fractions. Journal of Molecular Biology, 48,469-87.
Educational Technology in the Teaching of Chemistry IUPAC. Ed. by C. N. R. Rao. F r o m I U P A C Secretariat: Bank Court C h a m b e r s , 2-3 P o u n d Way, Cowley Centre, Oxford OX4 3YF, E n g l a n d . US $3.00. This useful publication contains the proceedings of an international symposium on the subject held in Madrid, 6-7 September 1975. It consists of 10 symposium papers followed by brief reports from many countries. The titles of the papers are: Enhanced Potentialities of New Educational Technology. Developments in the Tools of Educational Technology in Chemical Education During the Last Decade. Educational and Other Factors Affecting the Selection of Techniques for Effective Teaching. Mass Media and Chemical Education. Effectiveness of Tools of Modern Educational Technology in the Teaching of Chemistry in the Classroom and Laboratory. Programmed Learning in Chemistry: Where do Computers Come in? Computer-Assisted Instruction on Chemical Education. Educational Technology in Developing Countries: Problems and Challenges. International Cooperation ih Educational Technology.
Each of the papers is followed by a bibliography which in some cases extends to more than 200 references. There is no doubt therefore that this is a most useful compendium and represents a sound book for biochemists. Sometimes I found the Chapters rather dull reading in that they consisted of lists of techniques and references, in other cases the author seemed to be overdoing his enthusiasm but in general the approach is relatively realistic. In this respect I thought that L. J. Haynes, of the Open University, in his consideration of "Mass Media and Chemical Education" was especially interesting. He emphasizes that radio and T.V. are used for "Enrichment" rather than direct teaching and I am sure that this is a general truth. I rather suspect that the most useful aspect of the new technology is to bring the contents of courses and the way they are taught out into the open. Too often is teaching a private matter between teacher and taught. The discussions which the technology leads to should cause a reappraisal which can only do good. Even if they only make the teacher seem more enthusiastic they will have been worthwhile. Its good to see IUPAC and their Committee on Teaching of Chemistry making such an effort for the world needs chemists and we have got to find a way of presenting this hard science in an interesting manner. P. N. Campbell