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Effect of different volatilization temperatures in adhesive systems properties
e2
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 2 8 S ( 2 0 1 2 ) e1–e70
Table 1 – Bond strength adhesive systems (MPa). Adhesive systems SBMP CSE
With dye without dye 42(10.44)A 44.08 (8.52)A
Without dye 46.38(11.66)A 53.72 (10.39)A
indicate that there is a superiority of ethanol-based adhesive on those with the association of ethanol and water. S Single Bond 2 (SB), 3M ESPE E Excite (EX), Ivoclar WT water or ET ethanol wet-bonding technique * 23 ◦ C or ** 40 ◦ C/means of BS in Mpa and DC in%. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.010
Conclusions: These test parameters contributed to confirm the accuracy of the modified TBS and the preparation of micro-specimens did not compromise the TBS. Confocal microscopic provided detailed information as a nondestructively resin-dentin interface technique. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.009 3 Effect of different volatilization temperatures in adhesive systems properties L.S.N. Araújo ∗ , A. Lima, C.T.P. Araujo, L.A. Gaglianone, G.M.B. Ambrosano, G.M. Marchi Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Brazil Objectives: The use of hot air for volatilization of the adhesive system can increase considerably the evaporation of solvents (Klein-Junior et al., J Dent 2008;36:618–25) due to an increase in temperature of the material (Reis et al., J Dent 2009;37:791–98). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different temperatures of volatilization of simplified adhesives on the degree of conversion (DC) and its bond strength (BS). Materials and methods: Seventy-two human third molars were divided in 8 groups (n = 6), according to the adhesiveS-E , techniqueWT-ET and temperature of volatilization**-* . The occlusal surfaces were flatted, the dentin etched with 35% phosphoric acid (15 s) and rinsed. For the groups using the ethanol wet-bonding, the surface was dehydrated with ethanol solutions in an increased sequence of concentration. The adhesives were applied according to the respective group and the tooth restored with a nanofilled resin. Specimens were stored for 24 h, sectioned into beams and stressed to failure at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. For measurement of DC (/n = 5), after volatilization, were dispensed 3 L of adhesive (4 groups according to adhesive1–2 and temperature5–6 ) on the crystal and used Fourier Transform Infrared transmission Spectroscopy (FTIR) in the range from 1665 to 1580 cm−1 . Results: Data was statistically analyzed with Analysis of Variance and a Tukey’s Test (˛ = 0.05). The temperature of **40 ◦ C (SET 38.23; EET 53.39; SWT 47.67; EWT 38.20) promoted higher means of BS than *23 ◦ C (SET 15.43; EET 28.15; SWT 24.09; EWT 24.7). The adhesive techniques presented similar BS (p > 0.05). EX (53.39**/28.15*) presented higher values of BS than SB (48.23**/15.43*), using the ethanol wet-bonding technique. There was no difference between the adhesives using the water wet-bonding technique (p > 0.05). EX presented higher values (84.47**/82.34*) of DC followed by SB (38.50**/37.59*), regardless of temperature of volatilization. Increased temperature of adhesives promoted higher DC to EX (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The temperature of 40 ◦ C promoted an increase of to BS to the adhesives tested, and EX had better BS than SB using the ethanol wet-bonding technique. The results
4 Dentin bond strength of HEMA-free adhesive systems R. Bacelar-Sá 1,∗ , M. Di Francescantonio 1 , T. Nikaido 2 , T. Junji 2 , M. Giannini 1 1 2
State University of Campinas, Brazil Tokyo Medical and Dental Research, Japan
Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength of four HEMA-free adhesive systems to human dentin.Materials and methods: Twentyeight human third molars had their occlusal enamel removed with a diamond saw (Buehler Ltd.) to expose the dentin surface. The dentin surfaces were abraded with SiC 600 paper, under cooling with water for 10 seconds, to standardize the smear layer and to create a flat surface. The teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 7): All Bond 3 (AB – Bisco), Adper Single Bond (SB – 3M ESPE), G-Aenial Bond (GA – GC Corp.) and BeautiBond (BB – Shofu). The adhesives were applied following the instructions of each manufacturer. Filtek Z350 XT composite (3M ESPE) were incrementally built on dentin surfaces (6 mm thickness) and the teeth were stored for 24 h at 37 ◦ C. Restored teeth were vertically and serially sectioned with a diamond saw under water lubrication to obtain bonded specimen (area of approximately 1.0 mm2 ), which were tested in a universal testing machine (EZ Test, Shimadzu). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (˛ = 5%). Results: Dentin bond strength means (SD) were (MPa): AB: 56.9(11.9)a; SB: 50.1(7.6)a; GA: 21.7(5.5)b; BB: 21.1(4.0)b. Conclusions: The AB three-step and SB two-step etch-andrinse adhesive systems showed higher bond strength values to dentin than those observed for GA and BB self-etching systems, which did not differ between them. Supported by Fapesp (#2011/11415-1), Brazil. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.011 5 Three-point bending test parameters for dental materials evaluation B.C.F. Barreto 1,∗ , L.H.A. Raposo 1,2 , S.J.B. Sousa 1 , A.G. Pereira 1 , A. Versluis 3 , L. Correr-Sobrinho 2 , C.J. Soares 1 1
Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil State University of Campinas, Brazil 3 University of Tennessee, USA 2
Objectives: Three-point bending testing is routinely employed in studies evaluating dental materials. However, the testing designs are not well standardized, making inter-study comparisons difficult. The aim of this study was to access the effects of different three-point flexural modalities used in
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 2 8 S ( 2 0 1 2 ) e1–e70
Table 1 – Bond strength adhesive systems (MPa). Adhesive systems SBMP CSE
With dye without dye 42(10.44)A 44.08 (8.52)A
Without dye 46.38(11.66)A 53.72 (10.39)A
indicate that there is a superiority of ethanol-based adhesive on those with the association of ethanol and water. S Single Bond 2 (SB), 3M ESPE E Excite (EX), Ivoclar WT water or ET ethanol wet-bonding technique * 23 ◦ C or ** 40 ◦ C/means of BS in Mpa and DC in%. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.010
Conclusions: These test parameters contributed to confirm the accuracy of the modified TBS and the preparation of micro-specimens did not compromise the TBS. Confocal microscopic provided detailed information as a nondestructively resin-dentin interface technique. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.009 3 Effect of different volatilization temperatures in adhesive systems properties L.S.N. Araújo ∗ , A. Lima, C.T.P. Araujo, L.A. Gaglianone, G.M.B. Ambrosano, G.M. Marchi Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Brazil Objectives: The use of hot air for volatilization of the adhesive system can increase considerably the evaporation of solvents (Klein-Junior et al., J Dent 2008;36:618–25) due to an increase in temperature of the material (Reis et al., J Dent 2009;37:791–98). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different temperatures of volatilization of simplified adhesives on the degree of conversion (DC) and its bond strength (BS). Materials and methods: Seventy-two human third molars were divided in 8 groups (n = 6), according to the adhesiveS-E , techniqueWT-ET and temperature of volatilization**-* . The occlusal surfaces were flatted, the dentin etched with 35% phosphoric acid (15 s) and rinsed. For the groups using the ethanol wet-bonding, the surface was dehydrated with ethanol solutions in an increased sequence of concentration. The adhesives were applied according to the respective group and the tooth restored with a nanofilled resin. Specimens were stored for 24 h, sectioned into beams and stressed to failure at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. For measurement of DC (/n = 5), after volatilization, were dispensed 3 L of adhesive (4 groups according to adhesive1–2 and temperature5–6 ) on the crystal and used Fourier Transform Infrared transmission Spectroscopy (FTIR) in the range from 1665 to 1580 cm−1 . Results: Data was statistically analyzed with Analysis of Variance and a Tukey’s Test (˛ = 0.05). The temperature of **40 ◦ C (SET 38.23; EET 53.39; SWT 47.67; EWT 38.20) promoted higher means of BS than *23 ◦ C (SET 15.43; EET 28.15; SWT 24.09; EWT 24.7). The adhesive techniques presented similar BS (p > 0.05). EX (53.39**/28.15*) presented higher values of BS than SB (48.23**/15.43*), using the ethanol wet-bonding technique. There was no difference between the adhesives using the water wet-bonding technique (p > 0.05). EX presented higher values (84.47**/82.34*) of DC followed by SB (38.50**/37.59*), regardless of temperature of volatilization. Increased temperature of adhesives promoted higher DC to EX (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The temperature of 40 ◦ C promoted an increase of to BS to the adhesives tested, and EX had better BS than SB using the ethanol wet-bonding technique. The results
4 Dentin bond strength of HEMA-free adhesive systems R. Bacelar-Sá 1,∗ , M. Di Francescantonio 1 , T. Nikaido 2 , T. Junji 2 , M. Giannini 1 1 2
State University of Campinas, Brazil Tokyo Medical and Dental Research, Japan
Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength of four HEMA-free adhesive systems to human dentin.Materials and methods: Twentyeight human third molars had their occlusal enamel removed with a diamond saw (Buehler Ltd.) to expose the dentin surface. The dentin surfaces were abraded with SiC 600 paper, under cooling with water for 10 seconds, to standardize the smear layer and to create a flat surface. The teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 7): All Bond 3 (AB – Bisco), Adper Single Bond (SB – 3M ESPE), G-Aenial Bond (GA – GC Corp.) and BeautiBond (BB – Shofu). The adhesives were applied following the instructions of each manufacturer. Filtek Z350 XT composite (3M ESPE) were incrementally built on dentin surfaces (6 mm thickness) and the teeth were stored for 24 h at 37 ◦ C. Restored teeth were vertically and serially sectioned with a diamond saw under water lubrication to obtain bonded specimen (area of approximately 1.0 mm2 ), which were tested in a universal testing machine (EZ Test, Shimadzu). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (˛ = 5%). Results: Dentin bond strength means (SD) were (MPa): AB: 56.9(11.9)a; SB: 50.1(7.6)a; GA: 21.7(5.5)b; BB: 21.1(4.0)b. Conclusions: The AB three-step and SB two-step etch-andrinse adhesive systems showed higher bond strength values to dentin than those observed for GA and BB self-etching systems, which did not differ between them. Supported by Fapesp (#2011/11415-1), Brazil. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.011 5 Three-point bending test parameters for dental materials evaluation B.C.F. Barreto 1,∗ , L.H.A. Raposo 1,2 , S.J.B. Sousa 1 , A.G. Pereira 1 , A. Versluis 3 , L. Correr-Sobrinho 2 , C.J. Soares 1 1
Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil State University of Campinas, Brazil 3 University of Tennessee, USA 2
Objectives: Three-point bending testing is routinely employed in studies evaluating dental materials. However, the testing designs are not well standardized, making inter-study comparisons difficult. The aim of this study was to access the effects of different three-point flexural modalities used in