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Effect of fish oil fatty acids on LDL size, oxidizability and uptake by macrophages
Monday 10 October 1994: Poster Abstracts Nutrition and diet
hashi S, Kono M, Miyabo S, 3rd Dept. of Int. Med., Fukui Med. Sch., Matsuoka-Cho, Fukui, Japan, 910-11 This study evaluated the effect of insoluble dietary fiber on plasma lipoprotein metabolism in NIDDM. Wafer containing 14.4 g of dietary fiber (insoluble fiber; 75.6% soluble fiber, 24.4%) was administered to 13 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with stable diabetic control. Plasma concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins (apo) and glucose etc were analyzed before and every 2 weeks for 4-8 weeks after administration of dietary fiber. There were no significant differences in fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine, or glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations before and after administration of dietary fiber. Plasma level of cholesterol (Ch) was significantly decreased after treatment (P < O.OOS),but plasma triglyceride and phospholipid showed no significant changes. Low density lipoprotein-Ch was significantly decreased after treatment (P < O.OOS),but high density lipoprotein-Ch showed no significant change. There was a significant increment in apo A-I (PcO.05) and significant changes in apo A-II, C-II, C-III or E. The ratios of HDLCh/(VLDL+ LDL)-Ch and apo A-Uapo B were significantly increased by 17.3% (PC O.Ol), and by 17.7% (P
/zGJ
Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Univ. of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia Objective: To determine the effect of a ready-to-eat cereal containing soluble fiber as psyllium, oatmeal and barley on plasma lipids of otherwise healthy men with mild hypercholesterolemia who were already eating diets low in saturated fat. Design: Double blind crossover trial, lasting 6 + 6 weeks in volunteers eating at home, in two centers: Sydney and Newcastle (NSW). Participants: 81 men, 31-69 years (mean 50 years), plasma cholesterol 5.8-8.8 mmoUl. Excluded were men with major illness, obesity, diabetes, on special diet, or taking stool bulkers. Intervention: 1 box of cereal to be eaten each day: control (60 g wheat/wheat bran; 2 g soluble fiber) or test (50 g psyllium/oats/barley; 12 g soluble fiber). Subjects were randomized to wheat then psyllium or psyllium then wheat cereal. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol (by calculation) were measured twice 4-7 days apart before the start and after 6 weeks on each cereal. Dietary intake (three 24-h recalls) was measured in each period. Results: Compliance was excellent on both cereals. There were no significant differences in macronutrient intake or in body weight between periods. TC and LDL-C fell significantly on psyllium, relative to wheat cereal in both periods at both centers (overall mean -3.2% and 4.4% respectively ). There were no consistent changes in triglycerides or HDL-C. Conclusion: This type of product, which is easy to consume on a daily basis, is a useful adjunct to the dietary management of mild hypercholesterolemia.
13
Small, dense LDL seems to be more atherogenic than large, light LDL. We investigated which fraction of LDL is increased by cholesterol feeding in humans. Cholesteroi (750 mg/day) was administered as dried egg yolk for 2 weeks to 20 normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic subjects. Plasma levels of lipids, apoproteins and cholesterol in lipoprotein subfractions were determined at 0 and 2 weeks. Plasma lipoproteins were subfractionated into VLDL, IDL, LDL, (1.019
12851
Nutrition, PO Box 10041, Gouger St., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia Objective: To examine the effect of fish oil fatty acids on LDL size, oxidizability and uptake by macrophages. Methods: The trial consisted of two 6-week intervention periods in a double-blind cross-over design during which 20 subjects took 4 capsules per day containing either fish oil (4 g per day containing 3.4 g n-3 fatty acids) or corn oil (4 g per day). Blood samples were taken after an overnight fast at the beginning of the study (baseline) and at the end of each 6-week intervention period. LDL size was determined by native PAGE. Oxidation of rapidly isolated LDL was determined by (i) production of conjugated diene and malondialdehyde during incubation at 37°C with CuSO4; (ii) accumulation of copper-oxidized and macrophage-modified LDL in 5774 macrophages; (iii) stimuiation of ACAT activity in 3774 macrophages. Results: After fish oil supplementation, LDL particles were huger (P < 0.001) than at baseline. Fish oil supplementation significantly reduced lag time before onset of copperinduced oxidation of LDL (-25%, P< 0.001) compared with baseline. Production of MDA was increased after fish oil supplementation (+366%, P c 0.001). Accumulation of copper-oxidized and macrophage-modified LDL in J774 macrophages and ACAT activity in macrophages were significantly greater after fish oil supplementation (+220%, P < 0.01, +26%, P < 0.01, +16%, P < 0.05, respectively) compared with baseline. Corn oil supplementation had no significant effect on the accumulation, but stimulated ACAT activity (+23%, P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that consumption of fish oil fatty acids increases oxidizability of LDL, which may increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis.
Response of the serum lipids and aortic wall of hy perlipidemic and atherosclerosis-prone quails to different levels of dietary cholesterol Inoue Y, Toda T*, Igawa T**, Tani T**, Kimura Y**, Fujii Me-
12861
12841
morial Research Inst., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Otsu; *Dept. of Clin. Lab. Med., School of Med., Univ. of the Ryukyus, Okinawa; **3rd Tokushima Institute of New Drug Research, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Tokushima. Japan
259-01, Japan; *Dept. of Int. Med., Tokyo Metropolitan Otsuka Hospital, Minamiotsuka, Toshimaku, Tokyo 170, Japan
Genetic selection of commercially available (CA) Japanese quails has yielded a hyperlipidemic, atherosclerosis-prone (LAP) quail in which we have studied the response of serum lipids and the aortic wall to cholesterol feeding.
The increase in plasma LDL induced by cholesterol ingestion is solely due to an increase in the less dense subfraction Hornma, Kobayashi T, Yamaguchi H, Sakane H, Ozawa H, Takeuchi I*, Dept. of Int. Med., Tokai Univ. Oiso Hospital, Oiso
Atherosclerosis X, Montreal, October 1994
hashi S, Kono M, Miyabo S, 3rd Dept. of Int. Med., Fukui Med. Sch., Matsuoka-Cho, Fukui, Japan, 910-11 This study evaluated the effect of insoluble dietary fiber on plasma lipoprotein metabolism in NIDDM. Wafer containing 14.4 g of dietary fiber (insoluble fiber; 75.6% soluble fiber, 24.4%) was administered to 13 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with stable diabetic control. Plasma concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins (apo) and glucose etc were analyzed before and every 2 weeks for 4-8 weeks after administration of dietary fiber. There were no significant differences in fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine, or glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations before and after administration of dietary fiber. Plasma level of cholesterol (Ch) was significantly decreased after treatment (P < O.OOS),but plasma triglyceride and phospholipid showed no significant changes. Low density lipoprotein-Ch was significantly decreased after treatment (P < O.OOS),but high density lipoprotein-Ch showed no significant change. There was a significant increment in apo A-I (PcO.05) and significant changes in apo A-II, C-II, C-III or E. The ratios of HDLCh/(VLDL+ LDL)-Ch and apo A-Uapo B were significantly increased by 17.3% (PC O.Ol), and by 17.7% (P
/zGJ
Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Univ. of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia Objective: To determine the effect of a ready-to-eat cereal containing soluble fiber as psyllium, oatmeal and barley on plasma lipids of otherwise healthy men with mild hypercholesterolemia who were already eating diets low in saturated fat. Design: Double blind crossover trial, lasting 6 + 6 weeks in volunteers eating at home, in two centers: Sydney and Newcastle (NSW). Participants: 81 men, 31-69 years (mean 50 years), plasma cholesterol 5.8-8.8 mmoUl. Excluded were men with major illness, obesity, diabetes, on special diet, or taking stool bulkers. Intervention: 1 box of cereal to be eaten each day: control (60 g wheat/wheat bran; 2 g soluble fiber) or test (50 g psyllium/oats/barley; 12 g soluble fiber). Subjects were randomized to wheat then psyllium or psyllium then wheat cereal. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol (by calculation) were measured twice 4-7 days apart before the start and after 6 weeks on each cereal. Dietary intake (three 24-h recalls) was measured in each period. Results: Compliance was excellent on both cereals. There were no significant differences in macronutrient intake or in body weight between periods. TC and LDL-C fell significantly on psyllium, relative to wheat cereal in both periods at both centers (overall mean -3.2% and 4.4% respectively ). There were no consistent changes in triglycerides or HDL-C. Conclusion: This type of product, which is easy to consume on a daily basis, is a useful adjunct to the dietary management of mild hypercholesterolemia.
13
Small, dense LDL seems to be more atherogenic than large, light LDL. We investigated which fraction of LDL is increased by cholesterol feeding in humans. Cholesteroi (750 mg/day) was administered as dried egg yolk for 2 weeks to 20 normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic subjects. Plasma levels of lipids, apoproteins and cholesterol in lipoprotein subfractions were determined at 0 and 2 weeks. Plasma lipoproteins were subfractionated into VLDL, IDL, LDL, (1.019
12851
Nutrition, PO Box 10041, Gouger St., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia Objective: To examine the effect of fish oil fatty acids on LDL size, oxidizability and uptake by macrophages. Methods: The trial consisted of two 6-week intervention periods in a double-blind cross-over design during which 20 subjects took 4 capsules per day containing either fish oil (4 g per day containing 3.4 g n-3 fatty acids) or corn oil (4 g per day). Blood samples were taken after an overnight fast at the beginning of the study (baseline) and at the end of each 6-week intervention period. LDL size was determined by native PAGE. Oxidation of rapidly isolated LDL was determined by (i) production of conjugated diene and malondialdehyde during incubation at 37°C with CuSO4; (ii) accumulation of copper-oxidized and macrophage-modified LDL in 5774 macrophages; (iii) stimuiation of ACAT activity in 3774 macrophages. Results: After fish oil supplementation, LDL particles were huger (P < 0.001) than at baseline. Fish oil supplementation significantly reduced lag time before onset of copperinduced oxidation of LDL (-25%, P< 0.001) compared with baseline. Production of MDA was increased after fish oil supplementation (+366%, P c 0.001). Accumulation of copper-oxidized and macrophage-modified LDL in J774 macrophages and ACAT activity in macrophages were significantly greater after fish oil supplementation (+220%, P < 0.01, +26%, P < 0.01, +16%, P < 0.05, respectively) compared with baseline. Corn oil supplementation had no significant effect on the accumulation, but stimulated ACAT activity (+23%, P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that consumption of fish oil fatty acids increases oxidizability of LDL, which may increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis.
Response of the serum lipids and aortic wall of hy perlipidemic and atherosclerosis-prone quails to different levels of dietary cholesterol Inoue Y, Toda T*, Igawa T**, Tani T**, Kimura Y**, Fujii Me-
12861
12841
morial Research Inst., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Otsu; *Dept. of Clin. Lab. Med., School of Med., Univ. of the Ryukyus, Okinawa; **3rd Tokushima Institute of New Drug Research, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Tokushima. Japan
259-01, Japan; *Dept. of Int. Med., Tokyo Metropolitan Otsuka Hospital, Minamiotsuka, Toshimaku, Tokyo 170, Japan
Genetic selection of commercially available (CA) Japanese quails has yielded a hyperlipidemic, atherosclerosis-prone (LAP) quail in which we have studied the response of serum lipids and the aortic wall to cholesterol feeding.
The increase in plasma LDL induced by cholesterol ingestion is solely due to an increase in the less dense subfraction Hornma, Kobayashi T, Yamaguchi H, Sakane H, Ozawa H, Takeuchi I*, Dept. of Int. Med., Tokai Univ. Oiso Hospital, Oiso
Atherosclerosis X, Montreal, October 1994