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Effect of fluoride, cadmium and arsenic intoxication on brain and learning–memory ability in rats
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 196S (2010) S37–S351
POPs, including dioxins/furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides, are potential endocrine disrupters and suspected to play an important role in the risk of BC. Evidences regarding POP exposure and BC risk are controversial. However, studies found a three-fold risk of postmenopausal breast cancer with mutations in the P450 polymorphic CYP1A1 gene and high PCB levels. The present mechanistic-epidemiological study is carried out on samples from BC cases and controls taken from Greenlandic Inuit during 2000–2003. The data evaluation includes factors as age, lifestyle, POP serum levels, serum trace elements and fatty acids. Moreover, serum POP related bio-effect on hormone receptor functions, and total serum dioxin-like activity, and the role of gene polymorphisms relevant for POP metabolism and breast cancer risk are determined. An overview of the currently obtained data will be presented. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.209
P103 Environmental Health
P103-001 Toxic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, on the rat kidney: Involvement of oxidative stress and protective role of ascorbic acid H. Fetoui, N. Zeghal Faculty of Sciences, Tunisia Lambda-cyhalothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, home pest control, protection of foodstuff and disease vector control. The objective of this study was to investigate the propensity of lambda-cyhalothrin (LTC) to induce oxidative stress, changes in biochemical parameters and enzyme activities in the kidney of male rats and its possible attenuation by Vitamin C (Vit C). Renal function, histopathology, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated. Exposure rats to Lambda-cyhalothrin, during 3 weeks, caused a significant increase in kidney MDA and protein carbonyl levels (p < 0.01) as compared to controls. Co-administration of vitamin C was effective in reducing MDA and PCO levels. The kidney of LTC-treated rats exhibited severe vacuolations, cells infiltration and widened tubular lumen. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were significantly decreased due to lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. Co-administration of vitamin C ameliorated the increase in enzymatic activities of aminotransferases (AST and ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine and urea levels and improved the antioxidant status. These data indicated the protective role of ascorbic acid against lamabda-cyhalothrin induced nephrotoxicity and suggested a significant contribution of its antioxidant property to these beneficial effects. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.211
S53
P103-002 Effect of fluoride, cadmium and arsenic intoxication on brain and learning–memory ability in rats H. Kaoud, B. Kalifa Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, Egypt The object of this study is to assess the mode of action and the effect of fluoride (NaF/L), cadmium (CadCl2 /L) and arsenic (As2 O3 /L) intoxication on learning–memory ability and brain function. One hundred Wistar albino rats, one-month-old were randomly divided into four groups of both sex, 25 rats in each group. One group kept as control while, the other three groups were administered, respectively, fluoride (100 mg NaF/L), cadmium (100 mg CadCl2 /L) and arsenic(50 mg As2 O3 /L) in their drinking water over a periods of 20, 30 and 45 days. In comparison with the control, learning–memory ability was depressed by fluoride (HiF), cadmium (HiCd) and arsenic (HiAs). Brain protein contents decreased significantly in the treated groups at days 30 and 45. Decreased cholinesterase (ChE) activities occurred in the HiF, HiCd and in the HiAs groups at day 20. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the brain was decreased in the three exposed groups. These results suggest that learning-memory ability and brain function in rats are affected by HiF, HiCd and HiAs and that oxidative stress in the brain may be one of the causes of this damage. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.212
P103-003 Distinguishing of permanent and casual risks of water pollution in transiting country with using indigenous mollusks H. Falfushynska 1 , L. Gnatyshyna 1 , O. Stoliar 1 , J. Gyori 2 , Á. Vehovszky 2 , A. Farkas 2 1
Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Ukraine, 2 Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Hungary In Western Ukraine, owing to the transition process, communal service became one of the biggest polluter of rivers in this area. The aim of this study was to estimate the ability of biological responses in the indigenous male bivalve mollusk Anodonta cygnea as an indicator of the local and temporal (during spring, summer and autumn) peculiarities of potentially dangerous substances. Three areas were examined: agricultural site in the lower portion of the river (B); cooling pond of nuclear power plant (N). Forestry site in the higher portion of river close to the area of municipal water inlet (I) was selected as a reference site. Based on the obtained results, the constant effect of mixed pollution was confirmed at site B in connection with permanent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. High levels of microsomal transformation (EROD) and vitellogenin (Vtg) were shown in this site in summer. The special peculiarities of the group N were genotoxicity in spring and autumn, neurotoxicity and highest levels of metallothioneins in autumn accompanied by high concentrations of Cd and Cu in the water. Indications of oxidative stress were shown in sites B and N in summer and autumn as the increased levels of both antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation. Unexpectedly in site I, permanently high Vtg level; decreased activity of cholinesterase in summer and steep increase of cytotoxicity, reduced antioxidative defense and activation of EROD was measured in autumn. These signs of stress were clarified later due to the revealing of emergency situation on the municipal dump located nearby. That is a bright example of early warning signal obtained by the biomarker
POPs, including dioxins/furans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides, are potential endocrine disrupters and suspected to play an important role in the risk of BC. Evidences regarding POP exposure and BC risk are controversial. However, studies found a three-fold risk of postmenopausal breast cancer with mutations in the P450 polymorphic CYP1A1 gene and high PCB levels. The present mechanistic-epidemiological study is carried out on samples from BC cases and controls taken from Greenlandic Inuit during 2000–2003. The data evaluation includes factors as age, lifestyle, POP serum levels, serum trace elements and fatty acids. Moreover, serum POP related bio-effect on hormone receptor functions, and total serum dioxin-like activity, and the role of gene polymorphisms relevant for POP metabolism and breast cancer risk are determined. An overview of the currently obtained data will be presented. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.209
P103 Environmental Health
P103-001 Toxic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, on the rat kidney: Involvement of oxidative stress and protective role of ascorbic acid H. Fetoui, N. Zeghal Faculty of Sciences, Tunisia Lambda-cyhalothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used worldwide in agriculture, home pest control, protection of foodstuff and disease vector control. The objective of this study was to investigate the propensity of lambda-cyhalothrin (LTC) to induce oxidative stress, changes in biochemical parameters and enzyme activities in the kidney of male rats and its possible attenuation by Vitamin C (Vit C). Renal function, histopathology, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated. Exposure rats to Lambda-cyhalothrin, during 3 weeks, caused a significant increase in kidney MDA and protein carbonyl levels (p < 0.01) as compared to controls. Co-administration of vitamin C was effective in reducing MDA and PCO levels. The kidney of LTC-treated rats exhibited severe vacuolations, cells infiltration and widened tubular lumen. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were significantly decreased due to lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. Co-administration of vitamin C ameliorated the increase in enzymatic activities of aminotransferases (AST and ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine and urea levels and improved the antioxidant status. These data indicated the protective role of ascorbic acid against lamabda-cyhalothrin induced nephrotoxicity and suggested a significant contribution of its antioxidant property to these beneficial effects. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.211
S53
P103-002 Effect of fluoride, cadmium and arsenic intoxication on brain and learning–memory ability in rats H. Kaoud, B. Kalifa Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, Egypt The object of this study is to assess the mode of action and the effect of fluoride (NaF/L), cadmium (CadCl2 /L) and arsenic (As2 O3 /L) intoxication on learning–memory ability and brain function. One hundred Wistar albino rats, one-month-old were randomly divided into four groups of both sex, 25 rats in each group. One group kept as control while, the other three groups were administered, respectively, fluoride (100 mg NaF/L), cadmium (100 mg CadCl2 /L) and arsenic(50 mg As2 O3 /L) in their drinking water over a periods of 20, 30 and 45 days. In comparison with the control, learning–memory ability was depressed by fluoride (HiF), cadmium (HiCd) and arsenic (HiAs). Brain protein contents decreased significantly in the treated groups at days 30 and 45. Decreased cholinesterase (ChE) activities occurred in the HiF, HiCd and in the HiAs groups at day 20. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the brain was decreased in the three exposed groups. These results suggest that learning-memory ability and brain function in rats are affected by HiF, HiCd and HiAs and that oxidative stress in the brain may be one of the causes of this damage. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.212
P103-003 Distinguishing of permanent and casual risks of water pollution in transiting country with using indigenous mollusks H. Falfushynska 1 , L. Gnatyshyna 1 , O. Stoliar 1 , J. Gyori 2 , Á. Vehovszky 2 , A. Farkas 2 1
Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Ukraine, 2 Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Hungary In Western Ukraine, owing to the transition process, communal service became one of the biggest polluter of rivers in this area. The aim of this study was to estimate the ability of biological responses in the indigenous male bivalve mollusk Anodonta cygnea as an indicator of the local and temporal (during spring, summer and autumn) peculiarities of potentially dangerous substances. Three areas were examined: agricultural site in the lower portion of the river (B); cooling pond of nuclear power plant (N). Forestry site in the higher portion of river close to the area of municipal water inlet (I) was selected as a reference site. Based on the obtained results, the constant effect of mixed pollution was confirmed at site B in connection with permanent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. High levels of microsomal transformation (EROD) and vitellogenin (Vtg) were shown in this site in summer. The special peculiarities of the group N were genotoxicity in spring and autumn, neurotoxicity and highest levels of metallothioneins in autumn accompanied by high concentrations of Cd and Cu in the water. Indications of oxidative stress were shown in sites B and N in summer and autumn as the increased levels of both antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation. Unexpectedly in site I, permanently high Vtg level; decreased activity of cholinesterase in summer and steep increase of cytotoxicity, reduced antioxidative defense and activation of EROD was measured in autumn. These signs of stress were clarified later due to the revealing of emergency situation on the municipal dump located nearby. That is a bright example of early warning signal obtained by the biomarker