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Effect of Glucose on the O2 Uptake of Bursa and Thymus Cells From Two Lines of Chickens
1052
RESEARCH NOTES
and blood drawing. In this respect, geese differed from cockerels (see Table 1). REFERENCES Chalmers, T. M., A. Ketwick, G. L. S. Pawan and I. Smith, 1958. On the fat mobilizing activity of human urine. Lancet, 1: 866-869. Nir, I., M. K. Dimick and S. Lepkovsky. 1969. A fat-mobilizing substance in chicken urine. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 47: 435-443. Stevenson, J. A. F., B. M. Box and A. J. Szlavko, 1964. A fat mobilizing and anorectic substance in the urine of fasting rats. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 115:424-429.
E F F E C T OF GLUCOSE ON T H E 0 2 U P T A K E OF BURSA A N D T H Y M U S CELLS F R O M T W O L I N E S O F C H I C K E N S P R A K A S H K U L K A R N I AND B R U C E G L I C K
Poultry Science Department, State College, Mississippi
39762
(Received for publication December 16, 1971)
ABSTRA CT The objectives of this experiment were to determine the optimum concentration of glucose for in vitro studies and to compare the metabolism of bursa and thymus cells. A comparison of O2 consumption of bursa and thymus cells between a small bursa and large bursa line revealed no significant effect of glucose treatment. The 0 2 uptake of cells in the absence of serum was similar to the O2 consumption of cells suspended in chicken serum plus 30 iiM glucose (0.005 mg.) when 0.25 mg. glucose was added to the system. POULTRY SCIENCE 5 1 : 1052-1053,
INTRODUCTION
The bursa of Fabricius and t h y m u s are central lymphoid tissues (Glick et al., 1956; Warner, 1967). Glick and Dreesen (1967) genetically selected a large bursa line (L.B.L.) and small bursa line (S.B.L.) of chickens which differed significantly in bursa size. Bursa cells from the L . B . line have greater in vitro growth potential than cells from the S.B. line (Kulkarni et al., 1971). No significant differences exist between bursa or t h y m u s cells of the two lines in their O2 consumption. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the optimum concentration of glucose for in vitro studies and to compare the metabolism of bursa and t h y m u s Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry ment Station No. 2239.
Experi-
1972
cells in the presence of varying concentrations of glucose. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two lines of chickens large bursa line (L.B.L.) and small bursa line (S.B.L.) were used in this study. Bursa and thymus cells were pooled for 0 2 uptake studies from 1-week-old birds. Stock solutions of glucose 0.5, 0.8, 50, 200, 250, or 400 m g . % were prepared. Oxygen uptake of the cell suspension samples was determined on a YSI Model 53 Biological Oxygen Monitor at 37°C. The cell suspensions were obtained by a previously described method (Kulkarni et al., 1971). Each sample consisted of 2.2 ml. of cell suspension (100X10 6 cells/ml), 0.1 ml. of glucose and 0.1 ml. of insulin (80 U.S.P. in 10 c c ) .
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Rutgers University Libraries/Technical Services on June 1, 2015
ods and the reactions of chickens to F.M.S. are described by Nir et al. (1969). T h e effect of injected chicken F.M.S. on geese was similar to the one obtained with chickens (Nir et al., 1969). An inincrease in plasma F.F.A. and a decrease in plasma triglycerides, lipid phosphorus, cholesterol and feed intake was found (see Table 1). No effect was noted on plasma glucose. In the control geese, feed intake was strongly depressed by handling, injection
1053
RESEARCH NOTES TABLE 1.—Jijfect of glucose on the O2 uptake of bursa and thymus cells from large bursa line (L.B.L.) and small bursa line (S.B.L.) chickens. Treatments Glucose mg.%
L.B.L. 6.04* + 0.73 6.16" + 0.34 8.44» b ±0.82 8.82 b + 0.57 9.78 b ±0.43 19.78«±1.43
S.B.L. 7.15» + 0.50 8.24* + 0.26 8.75»+1.02 9.02* + 0.85 11.35 b + 0.84 21.02°±1.01
Thymus
L.B.L. a
5.18 + 0.50 5.24 a + 0.50 5.67>±0.54 6.92 s b ±0.11 9.12 b ±0.72 13.14« + 0.9S
S.B.L. 4.00 4 ±0.42 5.06»b + 0.67 5.62» b ±1.39 6.93*»±0.43 8.23°±0.82 12.741 + 0.92
1
Each mean represents 10 observations and is included along with the standard error. No significant differences exist between the two lines within glands (Duncan, 1955). Means within columns possessing different superscripts are significantly different at the 5% level. 2
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A comparison of 0 2 consumption of bursa cells and thymus cells between lines revealed no significant effect of glucose treatment (Table 1). Addition of .1 ml. from either a 0.5, 0.8, or 50 mg.% stock solution of glucose each slightly increased O2 consumption of bursal and thymic cells. The addition of .25 or .40 mg. of glucose significantly increased the metabolic activity of bursa and thymus cells within each line. The thymus cells in general consumed less 0 2 than bursa cells. The thymus cells may be metabolically less active than bursal cells as a result of their small size (Sherman and Auerbach, 1966). Bursa or thymus cells from 1-week-old birds consumed approximately 8-13 jul. 0 2 /hr. in the presence of chicken serum and glucose (30 uM) (Kulkarni et al., 1971; Kulkarni and Glick, 1971). Similar values (9-12 jul. 0 2 /hr.) have been reported in this study, when the cells were suspended in .1 ml. of a 250 mg.% glucose
solution (.25 mg.) and .1 ml. insulin. Therefore, the suggested glucose levels for the in vitro 0 2 uptake studies are .25 mg. of glucose without serum or 30 /xM glucose (.005 mg.) with serum. REFERENCES Duncan, D. B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics, 11: 1-42. Glick, B., and L. J. Dreesen, 1967. The influence of selection for large and small bursa size on adrenal, spleen and thymus weights. Poultry Sci. 46: 396402. Glick, B., T. S. Chang and R. G. Jaap, 1956. The bursa of Fabricius and antibody production in domestic fowl. Poultry Sci. 35: 244-255. Kulkarni, P. G., L. J. Dreesen, J. Love and B. Glick, 1971. In vitro activity of bursal lymphocytes from two lines of chickens. Exp. Cell. Res. 66:124-128. Kulkarni, P. G., and B. Glick, 1971. Studies on the metabolic activity of chicken lymphocytes. Submitted for publication. Sherman, J., and R. Auerbach, 1966. Quantitative characterization of chick thymus and bursa development. Blood, 27: 371-379. Warner, N. L., 1967. The immunological role of the avian thymus and bursa of Fabricius. Folia Biol. 13: 1-17.
JULY 30-AUGUST 2. 64TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY, BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Rutgers University Libraries/Technical Services on June 1, 2015
0.5 0.8 50 200 250 400
**'• ^ 2 consumed/hour
Bursa
RESEARCH NOTES
and blood drawing. In this respect, geese differed from cockerels (see Table 1). REFERENCES Chalmers, T. M., A. Ketwick, G. L. S. Pawan and I. Smith, 1958. On the fat mobilizing activity of human urine. Lancet, 1: 866-869. Nir, I., M. K. Dimick and S. Lepkovsky. 1969. A fat-mobilizing substance in chicken urine. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 47: 435-443. Stevenson, J. A. F., B. M. Box and A. J. Szlavko, 1964. A fat mobilizing and anorectic substance in the urine of fasting rats. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 115:424-429.
E F F E C T OF GLUCOSE ON T H E 0 2 U P T A K E OF BURSA A N D T H Y M U S CELLS F R O M T W O L I N E S O F C H I C K E N S P R A K A S H K U L K A R N I AND B R U C E G L I C K
Poultry Science Department, State College, Mississippi
39762
(Received for publication December 16, 1971)
ABSTRA CT The objectives of this experiment were to determine the optimum concentration of glucose for in vitro studies and to compare the metabolism of bursa and thymus cells. A comparison of O2 consumption of bursa and thymus cells between a small bursa and large bursa line revealed no significant effect of glucose treatment. The 0 2 uptake of cells in the absence of serum was similar to the O2 consumption of cells suspended in chicken serum plus 30 iiM glucose (0.005 mg.) when 0.25 mg. glucose was added to the system. POULTRY SCIENCE 5 1 : 1052-1053,
INTRODUCTION
The bursa of Fabricius and t h y m u s are central lymphoid tissues (Glick et al., 1956; Warner, 1967). Glick and Dreesen (1967) genetically selected a large bursa line (L.B.L.) and small bursa line (S.B.L.) of chickens which differed significantly in bursa size. Bursa cells from the L . B . line have greater in vitro growth potential than cells from the S.B. line (Kulkarni et al., 1971). No significant differences exist between bursa or t h y m u s cells of the two lines in their O2 consumption. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the optimum concentration of glucose for in vitro studies and to compare the metabolism of bursa and t h y m u s Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry ment Station No. 2239.
Experi-
1972
cells in the presence of varying concentrations of glucose. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two lines of chickens large bursa line (L.B.L.) and small bursa line (S.B.L.) were used in this study. Bursa and thymus cells were pooled for 0 2 uptake studies from 1-week-old birds. Stock solutions of glucose 0.5, 0.8, 50, 200, 250, or 400 m g . % were prepared. Oxygen uptake of the cell suspension samples was determined on a YSI Model 53 Biological Oxygen Monitor at 37°C. The cell suspensions were obtained by a previously described method (Kulkarni et al., 1971). Each sample consisted of 2.2 ml. of cell suspension (100X10 6 cells/ml), 0.1 ml. of glucose and 0.1 ml. of insulin (80 U.S.P. in 10 c c ) .
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Rutgers University Libraries/Technical Services on June 1, 2015
ods and the reactions of chickens to F.M.S. are described by Nir et al. (1969). T h e effect of injected chicken F.M.S. on geese was similar to the one obtained with chickens (Nir et al., 1969). An inincrease in plasma F.F.A. and a decrease in plasma triglycerides, lipid phosphorus, cholesterol and feed intake was found (see Table 1). No effect was noted on plasma glucose. In the control geese, feed intake was strongly depressed by handling, injection
1053
RESEARCH NOTES TABLE 1.—Jijfect of glucose on the O2 uptake of bursa and thymus cells from large bursa line (L.B.L.) and small bursa line (S.B.L.) chickens. Treatments Glucose mg.%
L.B.L. 6.04* + 0.73 6.16" + 0.34 8.44» b ±0.82 8.82 b + 0.57 9.78 b ±0.43 19.78«±1.43
S.B.L. 7.15» + 0.50 8.24* + 0.26 8.75»+1.02 9.02* + 0.85 11.35 b + 0.84 21.02°±1.01
Thymus
L.B.L. a
5.18 + 0.50 5.24 a + 0.50 5.67>±0.54 6.92 s b ±0.11 9.12 b ±0.72 13.14« + 0.9S
S.B.L. 4.00 4 ±0.42 5.06»b + 0.67 5.62» b ±1.39 6.93*»±0.43 8.23°±0.82 12.741 + 0.92
1
Each mean represents 10 observations and is included along with the standard error. No significant differences exist between the two lines within glands (Duncan, 1955). Means within columns possessing different superscripts are significantly different at the 5% level. 2
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A comparison of 0 2 consumption of bursa cells and thymus cells between lines revealed no significant effect of glucose treatment (Table 1). Addition of .1 ml. from either a 0.5, 0.8, or 50 mg.% stock solution of glucose each slightly increased O2 consumption of bursal and thymic cells. The addition of .25 or .40 mg. of glucose significantly increased the metabolic activity of bursa and thymus cells within each line. The thymus cells in general consumed less 0 2 than bursa cells. The thymus cells may be metabolically less active than bursal cells as a result of their small size (Sherman and Auerbach, 1966). Bursa or thymus cells from 1-week-old birds consumed approximately 8-13 jul. 0 2 /hr. in the presence of chicken serum and glucose (30 uM) (Kulkarni et al., 1971; Kulkarni and Glick, 1971). Similar values (9-12 jul. 0 2 /hr.) have been reported in this study, when the cells were suspended in .1 ml. of a 250 mg.% glucose
solution (.25 mg.) and .1 ml. insulin. Therefore, the suggested glucose levels for the in vitro 0 2 uptake studies are .25 mg. of glucose without serum or 30 /xM glucose (.005 mg.) with serum. REFERENCES Duncan, D. B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics, 11: 1-42. Glick, B., and L. J. Dreesen, 1967. The influence of selection for large and small bursa size on adrenal, spleen and thymus weights. Poultry Sci. 46: 396402. Glick, B., T. S. Chang and R. G. Jaap, 1956. The bursa of Fabricius and antibody production in domestic fowl. Poultry Sci. 35: 244-255. Kulkarni, P. G., L. J. Dreesen, J. Love and B. Glick, 1971. In vitro activity of bursal lymphocytes from two lines of chickens. Exp. Cell. Res. 66:124-128. Kulkarni, P. G., and B. Glick, 1971. Studies on the metabolic activity of chicken lymphocytes. Submitted for publication. Sherman, J., and R. Auerbach, 1966. Quantitative characterization of chick thymus and bursa development. Blood, 27: 371-379. Warner, N. L., 1967. The immunological role of the avian thymus and bursa of Fabricius. Folia Biol. 13: 1-17.
JULY 30-AUGUST 2. 64TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY, BLACKSBURG, VIRGINIA
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at Rutgers University Libraries/Technical Services on June 1, 2015
0.5 0.8 50 200 250 400
**'• ^ 2 consumed/hour
Bursa