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Effect of intranasal cocaine on experimental pain in man
CURRENT
that patients report the 22 gauge needle to be less painful than the standard bone marrow needle. In many instances, the local anesthetic agent was not administered. A comparable bone marrow morphology and adequate volume were obtained. In seven of 55 patients in this study, aspirations were not successful. Failure was attributed to obesity and to inability to penetrate the outer bony cortex.-REDA A. ABDEL-FATTAH
763
LITERATURE
accompanying MULLER II
process
in tooth eruption.--GEORGE
Reprint requests to Dr. Perera: School
of Dentistry.
University
Department of Leeds.
of Oral
J.
Biology.
Leeds LS2 9LU.
England. Percutaneous
Aspiration
Biopsy
of Lymph
Nodes.
Betstill, Hajda. Am J Clin Path01 73:471, 1980 Reprint requests to Dr. Dinndorf: Children’s Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology. PO Box C5371. Seattle, WA 98195.
Effect of Intranasal Cocaine on Experimental Pain in Man. Yang JC. Clark WC, Dooley JC, Mignogna FV.
Anesth Analg 61:358, 1982 The analgesic effect of intranasal cocaine was evaluated in a double-blind study. Sixteen healthy males participated in the study, which involved two sessions in which ischemic tourniquet pain was rated by the participant. The subjective and psychologic effects of the drug used were assessed by the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, the Clark Drug Reaction Checklist, and an alertness scale. The response to pain was less than in controls when both the cocaine and saline were used. The analgesic effect of the cocaine was greater than the placebo effect of the saline. The questionnaires used to evaluate the subjective effects of the cocaine as well as mood and alertness revealed little change in psychologic status associated with either cocaine or saline. The authors conclude that intranasal cocaine has a systemic analgesic effect in doses that do not cause a change in affect or alteration of consciousness.-TrMorHY M. LAWRENCE Reprint requests to Dr. Yang: Department Columbia University York, NY 10032.
College
of Physicians
of Anesthesiology. and Surgeons, New
Metabolic Turnover of Collagen in the Mouse Periodontal Ligament During Tooth Eruption. KAS, Tonge CH. J Anat 133:359. 1981
Molar Perera
Collagen synthesis as an index of metabolic turnover has been used to localize metabolic activity and to depict overall collagen metabolism in the periodontal ligament. This study describes an autoradiographic investigation to characterize metabolic activity of the periodontal ligament of erupting molar teeth in IO-, 12-, and 16-day-old mice. Tritiated proline was administered intraperitoneally. The animals were killed at intervals, and autoradiographs were prepared of the developing molar periodontal ligaments. Grain counts were made in three areas of the sections: apical, middle, and cervical. Activity time curves were drawn. calculated regressions were fitted, and analyses of variance to test linearity of the regressions were performed. The results show that collagen turnover occurred throughout the entire thickness of the ligament from bone to cementum. The turnover rates were progressively higher as the apical area was approached, suggesting a differential rate of turnover within the periodontal ligament. The sequence of turnover was higher in the l2-day group compared with the lo- and 16-day groups. The periodontal ligament functions as a stimulated system during the period from IO to 16 days, which also corresponds with the time of tooth eruption in the mouse: therefore. collagen turnover is an essential and
An equal male-to-female ratio and a wide age distribution characterized a group of patients on whom 287 superficial lymph node aspirations were performed. Most biopsy specimens (62%) were obtained from the neck region. Another 16% were obtained from supraclavicular Gtes. Seventy per cent of the patients who underwent cervical and supraclavicular aspirates gave a history of prior malignancy. Most neck aspirates with pathologic evidence of malignancy were associated with primary tumors from the oral cavity or upper respiratory tract. Two hundred sixty-three cases of malignancy were correctly diagnosed by needle aspirate from among the 284 biopsy specimens. However, confirmatory tissue biopsy or repeat needle aspiration was required for positive diagnosis in 26 cases. Malignant lymphomas could not be diagnosed with certainty in most cases from lymph node aspirates. Aspirates from granulomatous lesions were found to be particularly difficult to interpret cytologically. Bizarre pleomorphism and necrotic backgrounds did cause consideration of non-neoplastic lesions when aspirates from such lesions were examined. The study presents the cytologic and clinicopathologic findings from numerous superficial lymph node aspirate biopsy specimens. Emphasis is placed on the need for correlation of history and physical findings with the results of cytologic study of the aspirate before conclusive diagnosis is made or other methods of investigation are considered.GREGG D. BOBIER Reprint requests to Dr. Hajda: Memorial Center,
1275 York
Ave..
New York.
Sloan-Kettering NY 10021.
Cancer
Orthognathic and Craniofacial Surgical Diagnosis and Treatment Planning: A Visual Approach. Moshiri F. Jung S, Sclaroff A. Marsh JL. Gay WD. J Clin Orthod 16, 1982
The Visual Treatment Objective (VTO) is a method of aiding in treatment planning for the patient who needs orthognathic surgery. It begins with cephalometric radiographs traced and evaluated, by use of standard soft tissue and hard tissue landmarks. The dental soft tissue and osseous structures are then visually divided into their component parts. The VT0 involves moving these components on the cephalometric tracing to simulate the planned surgical movements. The soft tissue movements can be predicted by using a table that summarizes these changes for various surgical procedures. This results in a drawing that predicts the profile results of the planned surgical procedures. Along with the VTO, model evaluation, and model surgery. the surgeon’s clinical evaluation and the patient’s special needs must be considered. Each surgical procedure (segmental and total movements of the maxilla and mandible) is discussed with the particular surgical and treatment planning guidelines.-DEBORAH L. ZEITLER
that patients report the 22 gauge needle to be less painful than the standard bone marrow needle. In many instances, the local anesthetic agent was not administered. A comparable bone marrow morphology and adequate volume were obtained. In seven of 55 patients in this study, aspirations were not successful. Failure was attributed to obesity and to inability to penetrate the outer bony cortex.-REDA A. ABDEL-FATTAH
763
LITERATURE
accompanying MULLER II
process
in tooth eruption.--GEORGE
Reprint requests to Dr. Perera: School
of Dentistry.
University
Department of Leeds.
of Oral
J.
Biology.
Leeds LS2 9LU.
England. Percutaneous
Aspiration
Biopsy
of Lymph
Nodes.
Betstill, Hajda. Am J Clin Path01 73:471, 1980 Reprint requests to Dr. Dinndorf: Children’s Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology. PO Box C5371. Seattle, WA 98195.
Effect of Intranasal Cocaine on Experimental Pain in Man. Yang JC. Clark WC, Dooley JC, Mignogna FV.
Anesth Analg 61:358, 1982 The analgesic effect of intranasal cocaine was evaluated in a double-blind study. Sixteen healthy males participated in the study, which involved two sessions in which ischemic tourniquet pain was rated by the participant. The subjective and psychologic effects of the drug used were assessed by the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, the Clark Drug Reaction Checklist, and an alertness scale. The response to pain was less than in controls when both the cocaine and saline were used. The analgesic effect of the cocaine was greater than the placebo effect of the saline. The questionnaires used to evaluate the subjective effects of the cocaine as well as mood and alertness revealed little change in psychologic status associated with either cocaine or saline. The authors conclude that intranasal cocaine has a systemic analgesic effect in doses that do not cause a change in affect or alteration of consciousness.-TrMorHY M. LAWRENCE Reprint requests to Dr. Yang: Department Columbia University York, NY 10032.
College
of Physicians
of Anesthesiology. and Surgeons, New
Metabolic Turnover of Collagen in the Mouse Periodontal Ligament During Tooth Eruption. KAS, Tonge CH. J Anat 133:359. 1981
Molar Perera
Collagen synthesis as an index of metabolic turnover has been used to localize metabolic activity and to depict overall collagen metabolism in the periodontal ligament. This study describes an autoradiographic investigation to characterize metabolic activity of the periodontal ligament of erupting molar teeth in IO-, 12-, and 16-day-old mice. Tritiated proline was administered intraperitoneally. The animals were killed at intervals, and autoradiographs were prepared of the developing molar periodontal ligaments. Grain counts were made in three areas of the sections: apical, middle, and cervical. Activity time curves were drawn. calculated regressions were fitted, and analyses of variance to test linearity of the regressions were performed. The results show that collagen turnover occurred throughout the entire thickness of the ligament from bone to cementum. The turnover rates were progressively higher as the apical area was approached, suggesting a differential rate of turnover within the periodontal ligament. The sequence of turnover was higher in the l2-day group compared with the lo- and 16-day groups. The periodontal ligament functions as a stimulated system during the period from IO to 16 days, which also corresponds with the time of tooth eruption in the mouse: therefore. collagen turnover is an essential and
An equal male-to-female ratio and a wide age distribution characterized a group of patients on whom 287 superficial lymph node aspirations were performed. Most biopsy specimens (62%) were obtained from the neck region. Another 16% were obtained from supraclavicular Gtes. Seventy per cent of the patients who underwent cervical and supraclavicular aspirates gave a history of prior malignancy. Most neck aspirates with pathologic evidence of malignancy were associated with primary tumors from the oral cavity or upper respiratory tract. Two hundred sixty-three cases of malignancy were correctly diagnosed by needle aspirate from among the 284 biopsy specimens. However, confirmatory tissue biopsy or repeat needle aspiration was required for positive diagnosis in 26 cases. Malignant lymphomas could not be diagnosed with certainty in most cases from lymph node aspirates. Aspirates from granulomatous lesions were found to be particularly difficult to interpret cytologically. Bizarre pleomorphism and necrotic backgrounds did cause consideration of non-neoplastic lesions when aspirates from such lesions were examined. The study presents the cytologic and clinicopathologic findings from numerous superficial lymph node aspirate biopsy specimens. Emphasis is placed on the need for correlation of history and physical findings with the results of cytologic study of the aspirate before conclusive diagnosis is made or other methods of investigation are considered.GREGG D. BOBIER Reprint requests to Dr. Hajda: Memorial Center,
1275 York
Ave..
New York.
Sloan-Kettering NY 10021.
Cancer
Orthognathic and Craniofacial Surgical Diagnosis and Treatment Planning: A Visual Approach. Moshiri F. Jung S, Sclaroff A. Marsh JL. Gay WD. J Clin Orthod 16, 1982
The Visual Treatment Objective (VTO) is a method of aiding in treatment planning for the patient who needs orthognathic surgery. It begins with cephalometric radiographs traced and evaluated, by use of standard soft tissue and hard tissue landmarks. The dental soft tissue and osseous structures are then visually divided into their component parts. The VT0 involves moving these components on the cephalometric tracing to simulate the planned surgical movements. The soft tissue movements can be predicted by using a table that summarizes these changes for various surgical procedures. This results in a drawing that predicts the profile results of the planned surgical procedures. Along with the VTO, model evaluation, and model surgery. the surgeon’s clinical evaluation and the patient’s special needs must be considered. Each surgical procedure (segmental and total movements of the maxilla and mandible) is discussed with the particular surgical and treatment planning guidelines.-DEBORAH L. ZEITLER