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Effect of pregneninolone (ethinyl testosterone) upon human cervical secretion
1-B
ABSTRACTS
and the study of 29 pregnant women with active tuberculosis. Of this group one woman died, 28 were presumably healthy following delivery and there were delivered to these women during the years of this study 34 healthy children. It may be concluded that pregnancy has little effect upon the course of the disease. The mortality rate in pregnant or recently pregnant women due to tuberculosis is not greater than nonpregnant women of similar ages. No patient has been aborted for active tuberculosis during the last 9 years at the Louisiana State University Hospital. WILLIAM
Schenck, S. B., and Rader, M. J.: Spontaneous Rupture Month of Pregnancy, Am. J. Surg. 52: 494, 1941.
of Uterus
BICKJXS.
in fourth
This is a report of a ease of spontaneous rupture of the uterus in the fourth month of pregnancy. The rupture occurred in the region of the right cornu at the site of a salpingectomy performed 16 months previously. It is also an example of transperitoneal migration of the ovum, since the corpus luteum was found in the right ovary. FRANK
Cohen, Raymond C.: Effect of Pregnancy and Parturition culosis, Brit. M. J. 4328: 75, December IS, 1943.
SPIELMM.
on pulmonary
Tuber-
Certain deductions are made from a study of 100 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by pregnancy. These are all sanatorium cases. It was found that pregnancy and labor per se, rarely exert any harmful effect on the progress of a woman known to have suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis and therapeutic abortion need not be resorted to. Active pulmonary disease is seldom accelerated by pregnancy and labor, and with treatment under favorable conditions, pregnancy has been little more than an incident in their tuberculous career. Careful consideration is given to the fact that these cases are all sanatoriim patients, and the added discomforts of a life outside of a sanatorium which may precipitate a breakdown are absent. With proper care and treatment, the tuberculous woman may be allowed to proceed safely to term. WILLIAM
Cohen, R. R.: Congenital
Mtiaria,
Obst. y ginec. Latino-Am.
BERMAN.
1: 43,1-436, 1943.
From an extensive experience in malaria district, the author comes to the conclusion that congenital malaria is a reality. He observed that mothers with plasmodium in the peripheral blood, bear children who had plasmodium in their peripheral blood, in the placenta and in the umbilical cord. Some of the newborn babies have fever and others die shortly after birth. The author failed to find evidence of injury in any of the placentas of malarial babies and therefore he maintains that the passage of plasmodium takes place in healthy placentas. He prescribes euquinine during pregnancy in women who have malaria. This does not lead to abortion but on the contrary helps to prevent abortion which malaria has a great tendency to produce. In cases of toxemia, quinine must be used with great caution because of its tendency to produce hemolysis. J. P.
Sterility,
Fertility,
~GREESHIIL.
Contraceptives
Birnberg, C. H., Kurzrok, L., and Weber, H.: Effect of Pregneninolone (Ethinyl Testosterone) Upon Human Cervical Secretion, Am. J. Surg. 57: 180, 1942. Pregneninolone (pranone) was given to 6 patients all of whom manifested a negative semen penetration test, and 5 of whom showed an acid cervical secretion
144
AMERICAN
JOURNAL
OF
OBSTETRICS
AND
GYNECOLWT
(hydrogen ion concentration from 5 to Bj. Folloaing the administration material, the secretion became alkaline and the semen penetration test 5 of the cases. Three subsequently became pregnant. One case was The pregneninolone was administered in 10 mg. doses twice daily.
of the positive in unchanged.
The semen penetration test c.onsists in putting one drop of semen and cervical mucus upon a slide so that the surfaces become contiguous when covered by a glass cover slip. The test is positive if columns of spermatozoa ran be seen microThe test is negative when the spermatozoa are scopically in the cervical mucus. repelled by the mucus so that they cannot. penetrate it. FRANK Hl’IELJlhZi.
Murroy,
E.
G.:
Latino-Am.
Gonadal
i:
Stimulation
437-451,
by
Ascorbic
Acid,
Bol.
SW.
de ohst.
In The the
18 cases of deficient spermatogenesis, the author prescribed increase in the motility and viability of the spermatozoa and ntlmher of abnormal forms, let1 the author to reco;umeml this
ascorbic acid. the ,decrease in thrrdpy.
J . 1’.
Sharmaa,
Roy.
Albert:
Sot.
Med.
Some
37:
y ginec.
1943.
Recent
Studies
and
Investigations
in
~I:F.):S1111,1,.
Sterility,
Proc:.
67, 1943.
The author reviews four aspects of the problem which he has investigated, namely, (1) on the estimation of tubal patency; (2) on anovular menstruat~ion as assessed by endometrial biopsy; (3) on endometrial tuberculosis: and, (4) on the c.ausation of tubal occlusion. He concluded that an isolated or occasional finding of apparent nonpatency may oc.cur, and this, equally in anesthetized and nonanesthetized subjects, and the result of a $ingle insufflation showing a.pparent nonpatency, cannot be depended upon. Among 115 patients who became pregnant, 29 had been Iliagnosed as having nonpatent tubes as a result of a single insufflation. The fintling of nonpatency may occur at any time in the cycle. Tubal insufflation shoul~l lye repeated several times before a diagnosis of nonpatency can be made. It was found in this study that anovular menstruation is, therefort,, :L nrajor infertility factor when it occurs, although the actual incidence is lug. In reference to tuberculosis, it was found that although the incidence of the disease is minimal, endometrial tuberculosis is 15 times more common in sterile women than in those who are not. The authors feel that there is very little positive Proof that., apart from gross tubal damage, gonococcal salpingitis is a common cause of tubal oeclusion. The general condition appears to be that the gonococcus is seldom responsible for the occlusion of tubes which are not palpably thickened. Since the author fount1 unsuspected subclinical endometrial tuberculosis in 5 per teat of sterile women, and since this is invariably secondary to tubal tuberculosis, it is highly probable that subclinical tubal tuberculosis is present in at least 5 per cent of sterile women. This is offered as an explanation for tubal blockage.
ABSTRACTS
and the study of 29 pregnant women with active tuberculosis. Of this group one woman died, 28 were presumably healthy following delivery and there were delivered to these women during the years of this study 34 healthy children. It may be concluded that pregnancy has little effect upon the course of the disease. The mortality rate in pregnant or recently pregnant women due to tuberculosis is not greater than nonpregnant women of similar ages. No patient has been aborted for active tuberculosis during the last 9 years at the Louisiana State University Hospital. WILLIAM
Schenck, S. B., and Rader, M. J.: Spontaneous Rupture Month of Pregnancy, Am. J. Surg. 52: 494, 1941.
of Uterus
BICKJXS.
in fourth
This is a report of a ease of spontaneous rupture of the uterus in the fourth month of pregnancy. The rupture occurred in the region of the right cornu at the site of a salpingectomy performed 16 months previously. It is also an example of transperitoneal migration of the ovum, since the corpus luteum was found in the right ovary. FRANK
Cohen, Raymond C.: Effect of Pregnancy and Parturition culosis, Brit. M. J. 4328: 75, December IS, 1943.
SPIELMM.
on pulmonary
Tuber-
Certain deductions are made from a study of 100 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by pregnancy. These are all sanatorium cases. It was found that pregnancy and labor per se, rarely exert any harmful effect on the progress of a woman known to have suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis and therapeutic abortion need not be resorted to. Active pulmonary disease is seldom accelerated by pregnancy and labor, and with treatment under favorable conditions, pregnancy has been little more than an incident in their tuberculous career. Careful consideration is given to the fact that these cases are all sanatoriim patients, and the added discomforts of a life outside of a sanatorium which may precipitate a breakdown are absent. With proper care and treatment, the tuberculous woman may be allowed to proceed safely to term. WILLIAM
Cohen, R. R.: Congenital
Mtiaria,
Obst. y ginec. Latino-Am.
BERMAN.
1: 43,1-436, 1943.
From an extensive experience in malaria district, the author comes to the conclusion that congenital malaria is a reality. He observed that mothers with plasmodium in the peripheral blood, bear children who had plasmodium in their peripheral blood, in the placenta and in the umbilical cord. Some of the newborn babies have fever and others die shortly after birth. The author failed to find evidence of injury in any of the placentas of malarial babies and therefore he maintains that the passage of plasmodium takes place in healthy placentas. He prescribes euquinine during pregnancy in women who have malaria. This does not lead to abortion but on the contrary helps to prevent abortion which malaria has a great tendency to produce. In cases of toxemia, quinine must be used with great caution because of its tendency to produce hemolysis. J. P.
Sterility,
Fertility,
~GREESHIIL.
Contraceptives
Birnberg, C. H., Kurzrok, L., and Weber, H.: Effect of Pregneninolone (Ethinyl Testosterone) Upon Human Cervical Secretion, Am. J. Surg. 57: 180, 1942. Pregneninolone (pranone) was given to 6 patients all of whom manifested a negative semen penetration test, and 5 of whom showed an acid cervical secretion
144
AMERICAN
JOURNAL
OF
OBSTETRICS
AND
GYNECOLWT
(hydrogen ion concentration from 5 to Bj. Folloaing the administration material, the secretion became alkaline and the semen penetration test 5 of the cases. Three subsequently became pregnant. One case was The pregneninolone was administered in 10 mg. doses twice daily.
of the positive in unchanged.
The semen penetration test c.onsists in putting one drop of semen and cervical mucus upon a slide so that the surfaces become contiguous when covered by a glass cover slip. The test is positive if columns of spermatozoa ran be seen microThe test is negative when the spermatozoa are scopically in the cervical mucus. repelled by the mucus so that they cannot. penetrate it. FRANK Hl’IELJlhZi.
Murroy,
E.
G.:
Latino-Am.
Gonadal
i:
Stimulation
437-451,
by
Ascorbic
Acid,
Bol.
SW.
de ohst.
In The the
18 cases of deficient spermatogenesis, the author prescribed increase in the motility and viability of the spermatozoa and ntlmher of abnormal forms, let1 the author to reco;umeml this
ascorbic acid. the ,decrease in thrrdpy.
J . 1’.
Sharmaa,
Roy.
Albert:
Sot.
Med.
Some
37:
y ginec.
1943.
Recent
Studies
and
Investigations
in
~I:F.):S1111,1,.
Sterility,
Proc:.
67, 1943.
The author reviews four aspects of the problem which he has investigated, namely, (1) on the estimation of tubal patency; (2) on anovular menstruat~ion as assessed by endometrial biopsy; (3) on endometrial tuberculosis: and, (4) on the c.ausation of tubal occlusion. He concluded that an isolated or occasional finding of apparent nonpatency may oc.cur, and this, equally in anesthetized and nonanesthetized subjects, and the result of a $ingle insufflation showing a.pparent nonpatency, cannot be depended upon. Among 115 patients who became pregnant, 29 had been Iliagnosed as having nonpatent tubes as a result of a single insufflation. The fintling of nonpatency may occur at any time in the cycle. Tubal insufflation shoul~l lye repeated several times before a diagnosis of nonpatency can be made. It was found in this study that anovular menstruation is, therefort,, :L nrajor infertility factor when it occurs, although the actual incidence is lug. In reference to tuberculosis, it was found that although the incidence of the disease is minimal, endometrial tuberculosis is 15 times more common in sterile women than in those who are not. The authors feel that there is very little positive Proof that., apart from gross tubal damage, gonococcal salpingitis is a common cause of tubal oeclusion. The general condition appears to be that the gonococcus is seldom responsible for the occlusion of tubes which are not palpably thickened. Since the author fount1 unsuspected subclinical endometrial tuberculosis in 5 per teat of sterile women, and since this is invariably secondary to tubal tuberculosis, it is highly probable that subclinical tubal tuberculosis is present in at least 5 per cent of sterile women. This is offered as an explanation for tubal blockage.