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Effect of process variables on suspension characteristics of coal in coal-oil slurry
02
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
96/02489 Comparison of the means of Introduction of MoS2 liquefaction catalysts on performance Warzinski, R. P. et al., Prepr. Pap-Am. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem.,
Effects of gas flow rate on brown coal liquefaction 96/02498 with a continuous reactor system. 1. Effects of gas flow rate and boiling point range of feed solvents
1995, 40, (3), 574-579.
Okuma, O. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1996, 75, (3), 313-321. The effects of the gas flow rate in the reactors and the boiling point range of the feed solvent on conversion in brown coal liquefaction was investigated in the presence of iron-sulphur catalyst, using a continuous reactor system. An increase in the gas flow rate (GFR) markedly increased the distillate yield and the distillate/H, consumption ratio, converting effectively the heavier fraction derived from the coal. A light feed solvent provided a higher distillate yield than a heavy feed solvent at the same GFR. These results are explained by greater vaporization of lighter solvent fraction to concentrate the heavy fraction and hence to prolong the actual residence time of the latter fraction in the reactor. Analysis of the product and liquid sampled directly from the reactor proved that heavier components were left in the reactor at higher GFR.
Discusses how the means of introduction of MoS 2-containing catalysts has a significant effect on the initial dissolution and conversion of coal to THFsoluble products, especially at temperatures below 425°C.
96/02490 Continuous bench-scale slurry catalyst testing direct coal liquefaction of Rawhide subbituminous coal Bauman, R. F. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Arn. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chern., 1995, 40, (3), 525-531. In direct coal liquefaction, eight conditions were operations, covering the impact of solvent to coal trade off, and type and make-up rate of iron oxide num make-up rate remained constant through the the source of molybdenum was varied.
96/02491
tested during the 1994 ratio, time-temperature catalyst. The molybdeexperiments. However,
96/02499 Evaluation of oil produced from the microwave retorting of Australian shales
Developing anthracite coal water slurry fuel
Simmon, F. J. et al., Report CERL-TR-FE-93116, Order No.AD-A274852, Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA.22161, USA, 29 pp. The report evaluates the feasibility of producing slurry fuel from anthracite coal and examines the combustion characteristics of the anthracite/water slurry. The 'I-Process, a proprietary process developed by Otisca Industries was used to produce anthracite-based coal water slurries for testing and combustion.
96/02492 Direct characteristics
coal
liquefaction. Yield
and product
Caballero, B. M. et al., Inf. Tecnol., 1995,6, (3), 81-88. (In Spanish) The characteristics of solid, liquid and gaseous products obtained by direct coal liquefaction, with special emphasis on the liquid fraction, are determined.
96/02493 DOE proof-of-concept direct coal liquefaction program activity of recovered catalysts from POC run No. 1 Lee, L. K. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Arn. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40, (3), 532-536.
96/02494 The effect of adsorbed and non-adsorbed additives on the stability of coal-water suspensions Tudor, P. R. et al., Fuel, Mar. 1996, 75, (4), 443-452. Modified coal-water suspensions were stabilized using two additives: an adsorbed non-ionic surfactant, dinonylphenol poly(oxyethylene) with 150 mol of ethylene oxide per dinonylphenol group (DNP 150), and a nonadsorbed water-soluble polymer, poly(oxyethylene) (POE). Settling rate, sediment concentration profile and compressional resistance and other properties were measured to assess these stabilized suspensions and to discriminate between the effects that these additives have on the strength of the flocculated networks formed in the coal suspension and their sediments. Improvement of the flocculated structure of the suspension resulted in sediments that had increased resistance to consolidation and were relatively non-settling.
96/02495 Effect of process variables on suspension characteristics of coal in coal-oil slurry Mukherjee, A. et al., J. Inst. Eng. (India), Chern. Eng. Div., 1995, 75, 43-45. Three different coal samples and anthracene oil have been used to study the effect of coal-oil ratio, slurry velocity and ash content of coal on the suspension behaviour of coal particles. It was found that the minimum fluidization velocity required to keep the particles in suspension is influenced by the coal ash content, coal-oil ratio and slurry velocity.
Bradhurst, D. H. and Worner, H. K. Fuel, Feb. 1996, 75, (3), 285-288. Research carried out at the Microwave Application Research Centre (MARC) funded under the National Energy Research, Development and Demonstration Program (NERDDP) has shown that microwave retorting of two Australian shales, from Leigh Creek (SA) and Kerosene Creek (Rundle, Queensland) produces oil which has advantages over conventionally retorted oil in terms of its composition. It has a greater proportion of light hydrocarbons and is lower in sulphur and nitrogen content. A 10.1 sample of oil produced by microwave retorting, prepared at MARC Coniston Laboratory was hydrotreated, fractionally distilled and evaluated by BHP Melbourne Research Laboratories, Mulgrave. A position quality differential of over a dollar (US) per barrel was calculated as a basis for economic comparison of the hydrotreated product against Saudi Arabian light crude oil.
96/02500 Evolution of volatile products from oil shales by temperature-programmed pyrolysis Ballice, L. et al., Fuel, Mar. 1996, 75, (4), 453-458. Temperature-programmed pyrolysis of Beypazari (Turkey) and Timahdit (Morocco) oil shales was investigated. The maximum product evolution temperatures were determined for each sample. n-Paraffins and l-olefins in the pyrolysis products were classified by carbon number. The effect of kerogen types on the distribution of n-paraffins and I-olefins was also investigated.
96/02501 Formulation and method for diesel oil and gasoline manufacture from anthracite by biological method Ren, C. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN.1,lOl,931, Apr. 1995.
96/02502 Hydrodenitrogenation with NiMo supported on A1203-AIP04 Menon, R. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chern. 1995,40, (3), 613-617. Discusses hydrodenitrogenation of coal liquid for upgrading and a hexadecane solution of pyridine over AI20,-AIPO, supported Ni-Mo catalysts.
96/02503
Hydrotreating 01 coal-derived liquids
Stohl, F. V. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chern., 1995,
40, (3), 618-621. Describes the objective of the Sandia's refining of coal-derived liquids project which is to determine the relationship between hydrotreating conditions and product characteristics.
96/02504 Investigation of hydrogen transfer in coprocesslng using model systems Shen, J. and Curtis, C. W. Prepr. Pap.-Arn. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem.,
96/02496 Effect of ruthenium addition on properties of Co catalysts for synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H2 Lapidus, A. L. et al., Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (4), 48-51. (In Russian) In Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the yield and selectivity of C;+ hydrocarbons were increased when 10 wt.% Co/Si0 2 catalyst was promoted with 0.1-0.5 wt.% Ru, CO conversion was also increased.
1995, 40, (3), 622-627. The objective of this research was to evaluate the role of the residue in the coprocessing of coal and petroleum residue.
96/02505 times
Kinetics of coal liquefactIon at very short reaction
Huang, H. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Arn. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chern., 1995,40,
(3), 550-554.
96/02497 The effects of agitation on the properties of a highly loaded coal water mixture Takao, S. and Ozaki, H. Funtai Kogaku Kaishi, 1995,32, (8), 533-537. (In Japanese) The changes in the coal-water mixture properties due to high speed agitation were investigated through batch agitation tests using a laboratory-scale agitator. It was found that it is possible to decrease the apparent viscosity of the coal-water mixture and improve the statical stability by agitation.
178
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
Describes how in the first minute of the liquefaction process in the presence or absence of catalyst and in hydrogen or nitrogen, there is a very rapid conversion to liquid product due to the extraction of Tetralin-soluble material from the coal into the liquid phase. The initial conversion is followed by an induction period and then a slower conversion, presumably of the coal structure itself, which represent the breaking of chemical bonds. This is more rapid in the presence of a sulphided molybdenum naphthenate catalyst.
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
96/02489 Comparison of the means of Introduction of MoS2 liquefaction catalysts on performance Warzinski, R. P. et al., Prepr. Pap-Am. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem.,
Effects of gas flow rate on brown coal liquefaction 96/02498 with a continuous reactor system. 1. Effects of gas flow rate and boiling point range of feed solvents
1995, 40, (3), 574-579.
Okuma, O. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1996, 75, (3), 313-321. The effects of the gas flow rate in the reactors and the boiling point range of the feed solvent on conversion in brown coal liquefaction was investigated in the presence of iron-sulphur catalyst, using a continuous reactor system. An increase in the gas flow rate (GFR) markedly increased the distillate yield and the distillate/H, consumption ratio, converting effectively the heavier fraction derived from the coal. A light feed solvent provided a higher distillate yield than a heavy feed solvent at the same GFR. These results are explained by greater vaporization of lighter solvent fraction to concentrate the heavy fraction and hence to prolong the actual residence time of the latter fraction in the reactor. Analysis of the product and liquid sampled directly from the reactor proved that heavier components were left in the reactor at higher GFR.
Discusses how the means of introduction of MoS 2-containing catalysts has a significant effect on the initial dissolution and conversion of coal to THFsoluble products, especially at temperatures below 425°C.
96/02490 Continuous bench-scale slurry catalyst testing direct coal liquefaction of Rawhide subbituminous coal Bauman, R. F. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Arn. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chern., 1995, 40, (3), 525-531. In direct coal liquefaction, eight conditions were operations, covering the impact of solvent to coal trade off, and type and make-up rate of iron oxide num make-up rate remained constant through the the source of molybdenum was varied.
96/02491
tested during the 1994 ratio, time-temperature catalyst. The molybdeexperiments. However,
96/02499 Evaluation of oil produced from the microwave retorting of Australian shales
Developing anthracite coal water slurry fuel
Simmon, F. J. et al., Report CERL-TR-FE-93116, Order No.AD-A274852, Available from NTIS, Springfield, VA.22161, USA, 29 pp. The report evaluates the feasibility of producing slurry fuel from anthracite coal and examines the combustion characteristics of the anthracite/water slurry. The 'I-Process, a proprietary process developed by Otisca Industries was used to produce anthracite-based coal water slurries for testing and combustion.
96/02492 Direct characteristics
coal
liquefaction. Yield
and product
Caballero, B. M. et al., Inf. Tecnol., 1995,6, (3), 81-88. (In Spanish) The characteristics of solid, liquid and gaseous products obtained by direct coal liquefaction, with special emphasis on the liquid fraction, are determined.
96/02493 DOE proof-of-concept direct coal liquefaction program activity of recovered catalysts from POC run No. 1 Lee, L. K. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Arn. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40, (3), 532-536.
96/02494 The effect of adsorbed and non-adsorbed additives on the stability of coal-water suspensions Tudor, P. R. et al., Fuel, Mar. 1996, 75, (4), 443-452. Modified coal-water suspensions were stabilized using two additives: an adsorbed non-ionic surfactant, dinonylphenol poly(oxyethylene) with 150 mol of ethylene oxide per dinonylphenol group (DNP 150), and a nonadsorbed water-soluble polymer, poly(oxyethylene) (POE). Settling rate, sediment concentration profile and compressional resistance and other properties were measured to assess these stabilized suspensions and to discriminate between the effects that these additives have on the strength of the flocculated networks formed in the coal suspension and their sediments. Improvement of the flocculated structure of the suspension resulted in sediments that had increased resistance to consolidation and were relatively non-settling.
96/02495 Effect of process variables on suspension characteristics of coal in coal-oil slurry Mukherjee, A. et al., J. Inst. Eng. (India), Chern. Eng. Div., 1995, 75, 43-45. Three different coal samples and anthracene oil have been used to study the effect of coal-oil ratio, slurry velocity and ash content of coal on the suspension behaviour of coal particles. It was found that the minimum fluidization velocity required to keep the particles in suspension is influenced by the coal ash content, coal-oil ratio and slurry velocity.
Bradhurst, D. H. and Worner, H. K. Fuel, Feb. 1996, 75, (3), 285-288. Research carried out at the Microwave Application Research Centre (MARC) funded under the National Energy Research, Development and Demonstration Program (NERDDP) has shown that microwave retorting of two Australian shales, from Leigh Creek (SA) and Kerosene Creek (Rundle, Queensland) produces oil which has advantages over conventionally retorted oil in terms of its composition. It has a greater proportion of light hydrocarbons and is lower in sulphur and nitrogen content. A 10.1 sample of oil produced by microwave retorting, prepared at MARC Coniston Laboratory was hydrotreated, fractionally distilled and evaluated by BHP Melbourne Research Laboratories, Mulgrave. A position quality differential of over a dollar (US) per barrel was calculated as a basis for economic comparison of the hydrotreated product against Saudi Arabian light crude oil.
96/02500 Evolution of volatile products from oil shales by temperature-programmed pyrolysis Ballice, L. et al., Fuel, Mar. 1996, 75, (4), 453-458. Temperature-programmed pyrolysis of Beypazari (Turkey) and Timahdit (Morocco) oil shales was investigated. The maximum product evolution temperatures were determined for each sample. n-Paraffins and l-olefins in the pyrolysis products were classified by carbon number. The effect of kerogen types on the distribution of n-paraffins and I-olefins was also investigated.
96/02501 Formulation and method for diesel oil and gasoline manufacture from anthracite by biological method Ren, C. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN.1,lOl,931, Apr. 1995.
96/02502 Hydrodenitrogenation with NiMo supported on A1203-AIP04 Menon, R. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chern. 1995,40, (3), 613-617. Discusses hydrodenitrogenation of coal liquid for upgrading and a hexadecane solution of pyridine over AI20,-AIPO, supported Ni-Mo catalysts.
96/02503
Hydrotreating 01 coal-derived liquids
Stohl, F. V. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chern., 1995,
40, (3), 618-621. Describes the objective of the Sandia's refining of coal-derived liquids project which is to determine the relationship between hydrotreating conditions and product characteristics.
96/02504 Investigation of hydrogen transfer in coprocesslng using model systems Shen, J. and Curtis, C. W. Prepr. Pap.-Arn. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem.,
96/02496 Effect of ruthenium addition on properties of Co catalysts for synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H2 Lapidus, A. L. et al., Khim. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1995, (4), 48-51. (In Russian) In Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the yield and selectivity of C;+ hydrocarbons were increased when 10 wt.% Co/Si0 2 catalyst was promoted with 0.1-0.5 wt.% Ru, CO conversion was also increased.
1995, 40, (3), 622-627. The objective of this research was to evaluate the role of the residue in the coprocessing of coal and petroleum residue.
96/02505 times
Kinetics of coal liquefactIon at very short reaction
Huang, H. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Arn. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chern., 1995,40,
(3), 550-554.
96/02497 The effects of agitation on the properties of a highly loaded coal water mixture Takao, S. and Ozaki, H. Funtai Kogaku Kaishi, 1995,32, (8), 533-537. (In Japanese) The changes in the coal-water mixture properties due to high speed agitation were investigated through batch agitation tests using a laboratory-scale agitator. It was found that it is possible to decrease the apparent viscosity of the coal-water mixture and improve the statical stability by agitation.
178
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
Describes how in the first minute of the liquefaction process in the presence or absence of catalyst and in hydrogen or nitrogen, there is a very rapid conversion to liquid product due to the extraction of Tetralin-soluble material from the coal into the liquid phase. The initial conversion is followed by an induction period and then a slower conversion, presumably of the coal structure itself, which represent the breaking of chemical bonds. This is more rapid in the presence of a sulphided molybdenum naphthenate catalyst.