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Effect of Tween 80 on Solubilization of Perchloroethylene
Special Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 150S (2010) S1–S576
S559
Fig. 1. Effect of surfactant concentration on PCE solubility and liquor surface tension: (a) Solubility of PCE; (b) Surface tension.
Effect of Tween 80 on Solubilization of Perchloroethylene Breton-Deval 1 ,
L. C.U. H.M. Poggi-Varaldo 1,∗
Moreno-Medina 1 ,
F.
Fava 2 ,
E.
Rios-Leal 1 ,
1 Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies R&D Group, Department Biotechnology & Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-I.P.N. P.O. Box 14-740, 07000, México D.F., México 2 Department of Applied Chemistry and Sciences of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Universita di Bologna, Italy Keywords: ad situ remediation; perchloroethylene; solubility; surface tension; surfactant; Tween 80
E-mail address: [email protected] (H.M. Poggi-Varaldo). Introduction: One way to increase PCE availability in aquifers so it could be pumped out for ad situ remediation (Herrera-Lòpez et al., 2006, Herrera-López et al., 2007, Moreno-Medina et al., 2010) is to supply surfactants that would solubilize the pollutant. Therefore, this work aimed at evaluating the effect of Tween 80 addition on PCE solubility in water. Methods: Solubility tests were carried out in serum bottles filled with water, 1 mL PCE, and Tween concentrations at 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800 mg/L and mixed with magnetic mixers for 2 h, 300 rpm, 25o C. PCE in the aqueous phase was analyzed by headspace FID GC. Parameters Km and molar solubilization ratio (MSR) were calculated according to Eq. 1 and 2, respectively (Harendra and Vipulanandan, 2008) MSR =
Y − Y0 X − X0
Y − Y0 Km (x) = Y0
(1) (2)
where Y is the molar concentration of PCE at a given molar concentration of surfactant (X), Yo is the molar concentration of PCE at the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the surfactant (Xo). Surface tension was determined with a Lauda TD1C tensiometer based on the dish technique. Results: PCE solubility linearly increased with surfactant concentration (Fig. 1a). The absolute maximum of solubilized PCE was 1532 mg/L at 800 mg/L of Tween 80. The coefficient Km also linearly increased with the net concentration of Tween 80 and reached a maximum 4.8. The MRS remained nearly constant beyond 300 mg Tween 80/L. This was consistent with surface tension that decreased from 70 to 35 dyne/cm in the interval 0 to 300 mg Tween 80/L, and remained fairly constant beyond 300 mg/L of surfactant (Fig. 1b). Discussion: It has been reported ca. 270 and 300 mg PCE/L at 800 mg/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate and a biosurfactant UH, respectively (Harendra and Vipulanandan, 2008), i.e., solubility ratios of 2.90 and 3.23, respectively. On the other hand, the solubility ratio was 16.47 at 800 mg/L Tween 80 in our research. The strong solubilization power of Tween 80 and its reported lack of toxicity to
several microorganisms suggest that this surfactant is an attractive tool for solubilizing high concentrations of PCE in aquifers, in this way facilitating PCE extraction for ad situ remediation.
Reference Harendra, S., Vipulanandan, C., 2008. Degradation of high concentrations of PCE solubilized in SDS and biosurfactant with Fe/Ni bi-metallic particles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 322 (1–3), 6–13. Herrera-Lòpez, D.; Ríos-Leal, E.; Ponce-Noyola, M.T.; Esparza-García, F.; GarcíaMena, J.; Poggi-Varaldo, H.M. (2006). A comparison of two fluidized bed bioreactors with combined electron acceptors for removal of high concentrations of perchloroethylene. In: Sass, B.M. (Editor). Remediation of chlorinated and recalcitrant compounds-2006. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. ISBN 1-57477rr157-4. Herrera-López, D.; García-Mena, J.; Poggi-Varaldo, H.M. (2007). Influence of zerovalent iron addition to batch bioreactors with simultaneous electron acceptors on removal of high concentrations of perchloroethylene. In: Gavasakar, A.; Silver, C. (Editors). In situ and on site remediation-2007. Battelle Press, Columbus, Ohio. Moreno-Medina, C.U.; Breton-Deval, L.; Ríos-Leal E.; Galíndez- Mayer J.; OrtegaClemente, A.; Fava F.; Rinderknecht-Seijas, N.; Poggi-Varaldo, H.M. (2010). Effect of sudden increase of PCE concentration on performance of fluidized bed bioreactors operated in simultaneous electron acceptor modes. Submitted to this Symposium.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.10.021
Treatment of Soils Contaminated with ␥Hexachlorocyclohexane in Sequential Methanogenic-Aerobic Slurry Bioreactors B. Camacho-Pérez 1 , E. Ríos-Leal 2 , J. Barrera-Cortés 3 , F. EsparzaGarcía 4 , N. Rinderknecht-Seijas 1,2,3,4 , H.M. Poggi-Varaldo 1,∗ 1
Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies R&D Group, Department Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, P.O. Box 14-740, México D.F., 07000, México 2 Central Analítica, ibídem 3 Control Inteligente de Procesos, ibídem 4 ESIQIE del IPN, México E-mail address: [email protected] (H.M. Poggi-Varaldo). Introduction: Negative impacts of lindane on the environment and human health have been reported worldwide (Bachmann et al., 1988; Robles-González et al., 2008). The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with a readily degradable carbon source (sucrose) and the addition of silicone oil solvent on lindane removal from an agricultural soil with high contents of clay and organic matter, using lab scale batch slurry bioreactors (SB). Methodology: The soil contained 8% organic matter, 41% clay, and 100 mg lindane/kg. SBs were operated in a sequential mode (15 d methanogenic followed by 15 d aerobic, herein after MA). The experimental design was a factorial 22 with co-substrate (sucrose) and silicone oil at two concentration levels (0 and 1 g/L, 0
S559
Fig. 1. Effect of surfactant concentration on PCE solubility and liquor surface tension: (a) Solubility of PCE; (b) Surface tension.
Effect of Tween 80 on Solubilization of Perchloroethylene Breton-Deval 1 ,
L. C.U. H.M. Poggi-Varaldo 1,∗
Moreno-Medina 1 ,
F.
Fava 2 ,
E.
Rios-Leal 1 ,
1 Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies R&D Group, Department Biotechnology & Bioengineering, CINVESTAV-I.P.N. P.O. Box 14-740, 07000, México D.F., México 2 Department of Applied Chemistry and Sciences of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Universita di Bologna, Italy Keywords: ad situ remediation; perchloroethylene; solubility; surface tension; surfactant; Tween 80
E-mail address: [email protected] (H.M. Poggi-Varaldo). Introduction: One way to increase PCE availability in aquifers so it could be pumped out for ad situ remediation (Herrera-Lòpez et al., 2006, Herrera-López et al., 2007, Moreno-Medina et al., 2010) is to supply surfactants that would solubilize the pollutant. Therefore, this work aimed at evaluating the effect of Tween 80 addition on PCE solubility in water. Methods: Solubility tests were carried out in serum bottles filled with water, 1 mL PCE, and Tween concentrations at 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800 mg/L and mixed with magnetic mixers for 2 h, 300 rpm, 25o C. PCE in the aqueous phase was analyzed by headspace FID GC. Parameters Km and molar solubilization ratio (MSR) were calculated according to Eq. 1 and 2, respectively (Harendra and Vipulanandan, 2008) MSR =
Y − Y0 X − X0
Y − Y0 Km (x) = Y0
(1) (2)
where Y is the molar concentration of PCE at a given molar concentration of surfactant (X), Yo is the molar concentration of PCE at the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the surfactant (Xo). Surface tension was determined with a Lauda TD1C tensiometer based on the dish technique. Results: PCE solubility linearly increased with surfactant concentration (Fig. 1a). The absolute maximum of solubilized PCE was 1532 mg/L at 800 mg/L of Tween 80. The coefficient Km also linearly increased with the net concentration of Tween 80 and reached a maximum 4.8. The MRS remained nearly constant beyond 300 mg Tween 80/L. This was consistent with surface tension that decreased from 70 to 35 dyne/cm in the interval 0 to 300 mg Tween 80/L, and remained fairly constant beyond 300 mg/L of surfactant (Fig. 1b). Discussion: It has been reported ca. 270 and 300 mg PCE/L at 800 mg/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate and a biosurfactant UH, respectively (Harendra and Vipulanandan, 2008), i.e., solubility ratios of 2.90 and 3.23, respectively. On the other hand, the solubility ratio was 16.47 at 800 mg/L Tween 80 in our research. The strong solubilization power of Tween 80 and its reported lack of toxicity to
several microorganisms suggest that this surfactant is an attractive tool for solubilizing high concentrations of PCE in aquifers, in this way facilitating PCE extraction for ad situ remediation.
Reference Harendra, S., Vipulanandan, C., 2008. Degradation of high concentrations of PCE solubilized in SDS and biosurfactant with Fe/Ni bi-metallic particles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 322 (1–3), 6–13. Herrera-Lòpez, D.; Ríos-Leal, E.; Ponce-Noyola, M.T.; Esparza-García, F.; GarcíaMena, J.; Poggi-Varaldo, H.M. (2006). A comparison of two fluidized bed bioreactors with combined electron acceptors for removal of high concentrations of perchloroethylene. In: Sass, B.M. (Editor). Remediation of chlorinated and recalcitrant compounds-2006. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. ISBN 1-57477rr157-4. Herrera-López, D.; García-Mena, J.; Poggi-Varaldo, H.M. (2007). Influence of zerovalent iron addition to batch bioreactors with simultaneous electron acceptors on removal of high concentrations of perchloroethylene. In: Gavasakar, A.; Silver, C. (Editors). In situ and on site remediation-2007. Battelle Press, Columbus, Ohio. Moreno-Medina, C.U.; Breton-Deval, L.; Ríos-Leal E.; Galíndez- Mayer J.; OrtegaClemente, A.; Fava F.; Rinderknecht-Seijas, N.; Poggi-Varaldo, H.M. (2010). Effect of sudden increase of PCE concentration on performance of fluidized bed bioreactors operated in simultaneous electron acceptor modes. Submitted to this Symposium.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.10.021
Treatment of Soils Contaminated with ␥Hexachlorocyclohexane in Sequential Methanogenic-Aerobic Slurry Bioreactors B. Camacho-Pérez 1 , E. Ríos-Leal 2 , J. Barrera-Cortés 3 , F. EsparzaGarcía 4 , N. Rinderknecht-Seijas 1,2,3,4 , H.M. Poggi-Varaldo 1,∗ 1
Environmental Biotechnology and Renewable Energies R&D Group, Department Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, P.O. Box 14-740, México D.F., 07000, México 2 Central Analítica, ibídem 3 Control Inteligente de Procesos, ibídem 4 ESIQIE del IPN, México E-mail address: [email protected] (H.M. Poggi-Varaldo). Introduction: Negative impacts of lindane on the environment and human health have been reported worldwide (Bachmann et al., 1988; Robles-González et al., 2008). The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with a readily degradable carbon source (sucrose) and the addition of silicone oil solvent on lindane removal from an agricultural soil with high contents of clay and organic matter, using lab scale batch slurry bioreactors (SB). Methodology: The soil contained 8% organic matter, 41% clay, and 100 mg lindane/kg. SBs were operated in a sequential mode (15 d methanogenic followed by 15 d aerobic, herein after MA). The experimental design was a factorial 22 with co-substrate (sucrose) and silicone oil at two concentration levels (0 and 1 g/L, 0