- Email: [email protected]
Effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the structure of molybdenum subjected to electron-beam melting
Classified
abstracts
1279-1290
Electrical breakdown between electrodes Experimental. See abstract number 1272.
in high vacuum.
32 :31 Part II.
32 1279. Determining the energy of an electron beam in a linear accelerator using an analogue computer. (USSR)
The electron beam energy in a linear accelerator is continuously computed from the frequency and power of the magnetron and from the beam current so that the accelerator can be adjusted without interruption. E V Armenskiy et al, Izmerit
Tekh, No 2, Fe& 1967,46-48
(in Russian).
1280. Simulation of polarized proton injection into accelerators cyclotron type. (USSR)
32 of the
An apparatus is described for investigating the injection of a neutral atom beam into cyclotron type accelerators and the production of a polarized neutral atom beam by means of overcharged protons in hydrogen. Yu A Plis et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 37 (3), March 1967, 485-492 (in Russian).
33. GENERAL
33 1285. A plasma ion gun with Pierce electrode.
(Japan)
The construction and tests of an ion gun with Pierce electrode tonfiguration is described. For obtaining the high-density plasma, the gas pressure in the discharge tube is maintained at 10-a to 1O-4 torr (Argon) and a high frequency voltage (1500 V, 20 MC/S, 200 W) was supplied on the discharge electrode. The ion beam output was controlled by adjusting the gas pressure, the accelerating voltage and the distance between the plasma electrode and the accelerating electrode. A typical example of the voltage-current characteristics of the prototype ion-gun is shown. The prototype ion-gun was developed for use in ion etching. H Tamura and H Kimura, Japan J Appl Phys, 5, 1966,985. 33 1286. Field ion source for mass spectrometer.
This field ion source consists of an ion chamber with an inlet means for the material and an emitter inside with an emission zone of small radius of curvature. The emitter defines a linear distance many times larger than the distance defined by the small radius of curvature. Ions are then directed to the inlet of the mass spectrometer for analysis. Atlas Meb- dz Analysentechnik GmbH, US Patent 3,313,943, Gaz US Patent Ofice, 837 (2), 11th April 1967,615.
PHYSICS
AND ELECTRONICS
1281. Effect of ultrasonic vibrations subjected to electron-beam melting.
on the structure (USSR)
33 : 37 of molybdenum
The effect of ultrasonic and mechanical vibrations on the crystallization of molybdenum ingots melted in electronic furnaces was investigated. Ultrasonic vibrations greatly reduced grain size in the transverse direction. As the height of the ingot increased away from the zone of maximum vibration amplitude, the grains in the transverse cross section became larger. The effect of ultrasonic vibrations did not produce a noticeable grain refinement in the longitudinal direction. Molybdenum melted using ultrasonic vibrations had a Brine11 hardness of 153 to 156 kg/mm2. Ingots obtained by conventional electronic melting and those obtained by ultrasonic vibrations were hot forged, rolled into 1 mm thick sheets and tested for elongation in cold working and annealed states. No sharp difference in relative elongation were observed at annealing temperatures up to 1000°C; however, above this temperature, a sharp decline in the relative elongation of MO obtained by conventional methods was observed, while the MO melted using ultrasonic vibrations retained its comparatively high relative elongation. G F Zaboronk et al, Tsvetn Metal, No 7, July 1966, 83-85. English trand, Rep JPRS-37746; Washington, DC).
TT-66-34174
(Joint Publication
1282. Quality of the image from a quadrupole the shape of the electrodes and poles. (USSR)
Res Service,
33 lens, as influenced by
Analytical expressions are derived for the calculation of aberrations i.1 two-dimensional quadrupole lenses caused by field gradient variations. L P Ovsyannikova and S Ya Yavor, Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR, 173 (l), 1st March 1967, 76-78 (in Russian). 1283. Thermal conductivity of a gas of rotating diamagnetic in an applied magnetic field. (USA)
33 molecules
The effect of an applied magnetic field on the thermal conductivity of a gas of rotating diamagnetic molecules is determined with the rotational states treated quantum mechanically. The anisotropic part of the thermal conductivity tensor A is given in terms of square bracket integrals and the ratio of the magnetic field H to the equilibrium pressure p of the gas. The square-brackets to be determined are expressed in terms of reduced relative and centre-of-mass velocities. F R McCourt and R F Snider, J Chem Phys, 46 (6), 15th March 2387-2398. 1284. The electron bombardment (France)
1967,
33 : 37 smelting furnace of La Cie Pechiney.
Weak and high power beams are discussed. The crucible, vacuum, electric power requirements and fusion controls are studied. Ta, Nb, W, MO and Th are smelted and purified in this furnace. H Bourgois, J Four Elect, 7, 1966, 193-197 (in French).
: 47
(USA)
1287. Low energy electron diffraction apparatus centric tubular focusing electrodes. (USA)
having
Of/icial
33 three con-
This apparatus for studying the surface phenomena of a solid has a centrally apertured vacuum chamber for containing the sample, a spherical screen and grid for displaying back-diffracted electron beam patterns and an electron gun assembly. The gun consists of three tubular electrodes concentric with one another and provides a stream of electrons from the convex side of the screen. The inner electrode collimates the electron beam, the middle electrode, even closer to the sample, controls the incident electron-beam voltage. Varian Associates, US Patent 3,313,936, Official Gaz US Patent Ofice, 837 (Z), 1 l?h April 1967,616. 1288. Multi-electrode cold-cathode discharge magnet with attached electrodes. (USA)
tube
comprising
33 ring
A discharge may occur at first centre electrode and any one of a number of equidistant second electrodes. A permanent magnet inside the tube envelope supplies a uniform magnetic deflection field at right angles to the discharge, to deflect it from one to another of the second electrodes. An intermediate electrode between each pair of second electrodes is capable of being maintained at a locking potential to prevent deflection of the discharge. Ericsson Telephones Ltd, US Patent 3,313,973, Patent Ofice, 837 (2), 11th April 1967, 627. 1289. High-power (USA)
ion and electron sources
Official
in cascade
Gaz
US
33 arrangement.
A high-power and ion electron source, consists of a preceding stage which includes an energizable anode, cathode and intermediate electrode. The latter defines a chamber where ionizable gas is received, this when energised, ionizes and discharges electrons through an aperture in the anode to at least one succeeding cathode-less stage, thus forming a virtual cathode for similar stages arranged in cascade. The attracting voltage of the anode can be adjusted, so that a discharge current with a positive characteristic and without cathode voltage drop is maintained. The discharge currents of the stages are increased from stage to stage through volume ionization of the gas. Siemens-Schuckertwerke AG, US Patent 3,315,125, Official Gaz US Patent Ofice, 837 (3), 18th April 1967, 979. 33 1290. Ion source. (Great Britain) Suitable for use in neutron generators, the device consists of an ion generation chamber, a grid-like electrode forming part of the chamber wall and an external extraction electrode to accelerate ions from the chamber. It also houses a braking electrode for the electrons produced by the ions adjacent to or on the ion-collector electrode, to prevent acceleration in the opposite direction. With this design, the resistance of the extraction electrode to gas flow is sufficiently small for the pressure at either side to be equal and so low that the ion flow is saturated at an accelerating voltage greater than 20 kV. Philips Electronic ASSDCInd Ltd, Brit Patent 1,062,168, Patent Abstr, 7 (14) part C, 10th April 1967, 11.
abstracts
1279-1290
Electrical breakdown between electrodes Experimental. See abstract number 1272.
in high vacuum.
32 :31 Part II.
32 1279. Determining the energy of an electron beam in a linear accelerator using an analogue computer. (USSR)
The electron beam energy in a linear accelerator is continuously computed from the frequency and power of the magnetron and from the beam current so that the accelerator can be adjusted without interruption. E V Armenskiy et al, Izmerit
Tekh, No 2, Fe& 1967,46-48
(in Russian).
1280. Simulation of polarized proton injection into accelerators cyclotron type. (USSR)
32 of the
An apparatus is described for investigating the injection of a neutral atom beam into cyclotron type accelerators and the production of a polarized neutral atom beam by means of overcharged protons in hydrogen. Yu A Plis et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 37 (3), March 1967, 485-492 (in Russian).
33. GENERAL
33 1285. A plasma ion gun with Pierce electrode.
(Japan)
The construction and tests of an ion gun with Pierce electrode tonfiguration is described. For obtaining the high-density plasma, the gas pressure in the discharge tube is maintained at 10-a to 1O-4 torr (Argon) and a high frequency voltage (1500 V, 20 MC/S, 200 W) was supplied on the discharge electrode. The ion beam output was controlled by adjusting the gas pressure, the accelerating voltage and the distance between the plasma electrode and the accelerating electrode. A typical example of the voltage-current characteristics of the prototype ion-gun is shown. The prototype ion-gun was developed for use in ion etching. H Tamura and H Kimura, Japan J Appl Phys, 5, 1966,985. 33 1286. Field ion source for mass spectrometer.
This field ion source consists of an ion chamber with an inlet means for the material and an emitter inside with an emission zone of small radius of curvature. The emitter defines a linear distance many times larger than the distance defined by the small radius of curvature. Ions are then directed to the inlet of the mass spectrometer for analysis. Atlas Meb- dz Analysentechnik GmbH, US Patent 3,313,943, Gaz US Patent Ofice, 837 (2), 11th April 1967,615.
PHYSICS
AND ELECTRONICS
1281. Effect of ultrasonic vibrations subjected to electron-beam melting.
on the structure (USSR)
33 : 37 of molybdenum
The effect of ultrasonic and mechanical vibrations on the crystallization of molybdenum ingots melted in electronic furnaces was investigated. Ultrasonic vibrations greatly reduced grain size in the transverse direction. As the height of the ingot increased away from the zone of maximum vibration amplitude, the grains in the transverse cross section became larger. The effect of ultrasonic vibrations did not produce a noticeable grain refinement in the longitudinal direction. Molybdenum melted using ultrasonic vibrations had a Brine11 hardness of 153 to 156 kg/mm2. Ingots obtained by conventional electronic melting and those obtained by ultrasonic vibrations were hot forged, rolled into 1 mm thick sheets and tested for elongation in cold working and annealed states. No sharp difference in relative elongation were observed at annealing temperatures up to 1000°C; however, above this temperature, a sharp decline in the relative elongation of MO obtained by conventional methods was observed, while the MO melted using ultrasonic vibrations retained its comparatively high relative elongation. G F Zaboronk et al, Tsvetn Metal, No 7, July 1966, 83-85. English trand, Rep JPRS-37746; Washington, DC).
TT-66-34174
(Joint Publication
1282. Quality of the image from a quadrupole the shape of the electrodes and poles. (USSR)
Res Service,
33 lens, as influenced by
Analytical expressions are derived for the calculation of aberrations i.1 two-dimensional quadrupole lenses caused by field gradient variations. L P Ovsyannikova and S Ya Yavor, Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR, 173 (l), 1st March 1967, 76-78 (in Russian). 1283. Thermal conductivity of a gas of rotating diamagnetic in an applied magnetic field. (USA)
33 molecules
The effect of an applied magnetic field on the thermal conductivity of a gas of rotating diamagnetic molecules is determined with the rotational states treated quantum mechanically. The anisotropic part of the thermal conductivity tensor A is given in terms of square bracket integrals and the ratio of the magnetic field H to the equilibrium pressure p of the gas. The square-brackets to be determined are expressed in terms of reduced relative and centre-of-mass velocities. F R McCourt and R F Snider, J Chem Phys, 46 (6), 15th March 2387-2398. 1284. The electron bombardment (France)
1967,
33 : 37 smelting furnace of La Cie Pechiney.
Weak and high power beams are discussed. The crucible, vacuum, electric power requirements and fusion controls are studied. Ta, Nb, W, MO and Th are smelted and purified in this furnace. H Bourgois, J Four Elect, 7, 1966, 193-197 (in French).
: 47
(USA)
1287. Low energy electron diffraction apparatus centric tubular focusing electrodes. (USA)
having
Of/icial
33 three con-
This apparatus for studying the surface phenomena of a solid has a centrally apertured vacuum chamber for containing the sample, a spherical screen and grid for displaying back-diffracted electron beam patterns and an electron gun assembly. The gun consists of three tubular electrodes concentric with one another and provides a stream of electrons from the convex side of the screen. The inner electrode collimates the electron beam, the middle electrode, even closer to the sample, controls the incident electron-beam voltage. Varian Associates, US Patent 3,313,936, Official Gaz US Patent Ofice, 837 (Z), 1 l?h April 1967,616. 1288. Multi-electrode cold-cathode discharge magnet with attached electrodes. (USA)
tube
comprising
33 ring
A discharge may occur at first centre electrode and any one of a number of equidistant second electrodes. A permanent magnet inside the tube envelope supplies a uniform magnetic deflection field at right angles to the discharge, to deflect it from one to another of the second electrodes. An intermediate electrode between each pair of second electrodes is capable of being maintained at a locking potential to prevent deflection of the discharge. Ericsson Telephones Ltd, US Patent 3,313,973, Patent Ofice, 837 (2), 11th April 1967, 627. 1289. High-power (USA)
ion and electron sources
Official
in cascade
Gaz
US
33 arrangement.
A high-power and ion electron source, consists of a preceding stage which includes an energizable anode, cathode and intermediate electrode. The latter defines a chamber where ionizable gas is received, this when energised, ionizes and discharges electrons through an aperture in the anode to at least one succeeding cathode-less stage, thus forming a virtual cathode for similar stages arranged in cascade. The attracting voltage of the anode can be adjusted, so that a discharge current with a positive characteristic and without cathode voltage drop is maintained. The discharge currents of the stages are increased from stage to stage through volume ionization of the gas. Siemens-Schuckertwerke AG, US Patent 3,315,125, Official Gaz US Patent Ofice, 837 (3), 18th April 1967, 979. 33 1290. Ion source. (Great Britain) Suitable for use in neutron generators, the device consists of an ion generation chamber, a grid-like electrode forming part of the chamber wall and an external extraction electrode to accelerate ions from the chamber. It also houses a braking electrode for the electrons produced by the ions adjacent to or on the ion-collector electrode, to prevent acceleration in the opposite direction. With this design, the resistance of the extraction electrode to gas flow is sufficiently small for the pressure at either side to be equal and so low that the ion flow is saturated at an accelerating voltage greater than 20 kV. Philips Electronic ASSDCInd Ltd, Brit Patent 1,062,168, Patent Abstr, 7 (14) part C, 10th April 1967, 11.