Effect of Y3+, Sm3+ and Dy3+ ions on the microstructure, morphology, optical and magnetic properties NiCoZn magnetic nanoparticles

Journal Pre-Proof Effect of Y3+, Sm3+ and Dy3+ ions on the microstructure, morphology, optical and magnetic properties NiCoZn magnetic nanoparticles Rohit Jasrotia, Suman, Virender Pratap Singh, Rajesh Kumar, Ritesh Verma, Ankush Chauhan PII: DOI: Reference:

S2211-3797(19)30794-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102544 RINP 102544

To appear in:

Results in Physics

Received Date: Revised Date: Accepted Date:

8 March 2019 27 July 2019 28 July 2019

Please cite this article as: Jasrotia, R., Suman, Pratap Singh, V., Kumar, R., Verma, R., Chauhan, A., Effect of Y3+, Sm3+ and Dy3+ ions on the microstructure, morphology, optical and magnetic properties NiCoZn magnetic nanoparticles, Results in Physics (2019), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102544

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JOURNAL PRE-PROOF

Effect of Y3+, Sm3+ and Dy3+ ions on the microstructure, morphology, optical and magnetic properties NiCoZn magnetic nanoparticles Rohit Jasrotia1, 2, Suman3, Virender Pratap Singh1, 2, 4, Rajesh Kumar1, 2, Ritesh Verma1 and Ankush Chauhan1

Centre of Excellence in Nanotechnology, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Solan, H.P., Solan, India

of Electrical and Computer Science, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Solan, H.P., India 4Govt.

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3School

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2Himalayan

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of Physics and Materials Science, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Solan, H.P., India

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1School

Degree College, Nerwa, Shimla, H.P., India

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Corresponding Email Id: [email protected]

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Abstract

Nano-sized magnetic particles of Yttrium, Samarium, and Dysprosium doped Nickel Cobalt Zinc were successfully synthesized by the sol-gel auto-combustion technique in order to

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investigate different structural, morphological, elemental, optical and magnetic properties with the usage of different characterization techniques. The characterization techniques used

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for studying different properties of synthesized samples were XRD, FESEM, EDS, FTIR, and VSM. The XRD patterns revealed the formation of single-phase inverse spinel cubic structure

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with an average crystallite size (D) in the range of 59-63 nm. The surface morphology of the

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synthesized samples carried out by FESEM surely indicates the formation of dense, cubic in shape and agglomerated magnetic nanoparticles. The EDS spectra of prepared samples show the formation of pure magnetic nanoparticles. The Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy supports our XRD results to a great extent that the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles have single-phase inverse spinel cubic structure by giving the spectrum in the range of 419-594 cm-1. The magnetic measurements were carried out by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer for calculating different magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization (Ms), coercivity 1

JOURNAL PRE-PROOF (Hc), remanent magnetization (Hc) and magnetic moment (nB) which was found to be in the range of 54-63 emu/g, 34-209 Oe, 1.99-19.89 emu/g and 2.29-2.66 . The magnetic analysis of synthesized samples has been explained on the basis of the theory of exchange interactions and Neel's sublattice model.

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Keywords

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NiCoZn magnetic nanoparticles; Structural study; FESEM; FTIR spectra; Magnetic

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measurements.

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1. Introduction

Today, researchers and scientists are taking great attention and interest to synthesized spinel

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ferrites having chemical composition MFe2O4 where M is either one or more divalent metallic ions, commercially and technologically for their wide range of potential applications

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such as permanent magnets, magnetic heat transducer in recording, computer memory core elements, core of coils in microwave frequency devices, switching devices, magnetic storage

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devices, high-density recording media and many more. Among the spinel ferrites, NiZnCo ferrites is taking more attraction due to its versatile properties such as high resistivity, low

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eddy current losses, good physical and chemical stability, promising semiconductor photocatalyst for various processes due to its ability to absorb visible light, high efficiency,

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high saturation magnetization and moreover, due to its various applications such as drug

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delivery, magnetic storage devices, sensors, permanent magnets etc. There are numerous types of synthesis methods for the preparation of NiCoZn ferrite based nanomaterials such as Sol-gel auto-combustion method, co-precipitation technique, and hydrothermal technique, citrate-precursor technique, conventional ceramic method etc. [1, 2] in which sol-gel autocombustion technique is one of the best technique for preparing NiCoZn nanomaterials because it gives formation of pure, homogenous, and uniform nanomaterials. A number of parameters such as crystallite size, grain size, and nature of dopant, distribution of dopants at

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JOURNAL PRE-PROOF the interstitial sites, synthesis methods, calcination and sintering temperature are responsible for tuning the structural, surface morphological, optical, electrical and magnetic properties of ferrite-based nanomaterials for a specified application in a particular field and also, for synthesizing pure nanomaterials. As per the literature survey, Stergioul and Litsardakis

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(2014) synthesized lanthanum and yttrium doped NiZnCo nanomaterials by conventional

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solid-state reaction process and studied their different structural, surface morphological and

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magnetic properties by using different techniques such as XRD, SEM, and VSM. The

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saturation magnetization (Ms) of synthesized samples decreases with the increase in dopant concentration [3]. In the present research work, we are synthesizing yttrium, samarium, and

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Dysoprium doped NiCoZn ferrite based nanomaterials by sol-gel auto-combustion technique for enhancing the magnetic property of synthesized samples and in addition to this, the

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techniques used for studying different structural, morphological, elemental, optical and magnetic properties are XRD, FESEM, EDS, FTIR, and VSM.

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2. Experimental Procedures

Highly pure chemicals such as nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate, zinc nitrate, samarium nitrate,

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yttrium nitrate, dysprosium nitrate, ferric nitrate, citric acid and ethylene glycol were used for synthesizing NiCoZn ferrite based nanomaterials by sol-gel auto-combustion technique

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having the chemical composition (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xFe2-1.5xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.015,

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0.025, 0.035). Firstly, all the nitrates and citric acid were separately stirred along with room temperature on a magnetic stirrer with a hot plate until both the chemical solutions becomes fully dissolved. Mixed these solutions and again stirred it at the same temperature for at least one hour. Set the PH of the solution ~7 and add ethylene glycol to it which acts as a gel precursor. Heat the solution at a temperature of 70 0C until and unless black fluffy material will be obtained. Then, cooled this material for one day and grind it with the help of mortar pestle for calcination in the muffle furnace at a temperature of 1000 0C for 5 hours. After

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JOURNAL PRE-PROOF calcination, the required material is ready for structural, surface morphological, elemental distribution, optical and magnetic analysis. The single-phase formation of prepared samples was carried out by X-ray diffractometer using CuKα as a source and fitting were done by Xpert Pro software. FESEM was carried out by using Hitachi makeup instrument having

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Model No. - SU8010 Series. The FTIR analysis was carried out by using Perkin Elmer

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(Model-Spectrum 400FT-IR/FIR spectrometer) for detecting different configuration modes.

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The magnetic measurement of synthesized samples was carried out by Vibrating Sample

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Magnetometer with an applied maximum magnetic field of 2 Tesla. 3. Results and Discussion

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3.1 Structural Study

The XRD patterns of synthesized samples revealing the formation of a single-phase inverse

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spinel cubic structure as indicated in figure 1. From the XRD diffracted patterns, various structural parameters such as crystallite size (D), lattice parameter (a), X-ray density (dx),

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Cell volume (Vcell) and Hopping lengths (LA & LB) at A-site and B-site were calculated as shown in table 1. The characteristic peaks (220), (311), (222), (400), (422), (511), (440) seen

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in the XRD diffracted patterns after investigation matched with the JCPDS file no.: 0742081. The average crystallite size was obtained with the help of Debye-Scherrer equation in

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the range of 59-63 nm by broadening of the highest intense peak (311) as given below:

D=

Kλ β cos θ

…….. (1)

where D is average crystallite size, K is Scherrer constant equivalent to 0.89, λ is a wavelength of Cu 𝐾𝛼 source, β is full width at half maxima of diffracted peaks observed in the XRD patterns and θ is the Bragg’s diffracted angle. The other structural parameters such as lattice parameter (a), x-ray density (dx), cell volume (Vcell) and hopping lengths (LA & LB) at A-site and B-site were calculated by using the following relations: 4

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a=

λ × h 2 + k 2 + l2 2 sin θ

dx =

........ (2)

8M Na 3

........ (3)

O

........ (4)

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3 4 2 4

........ (5)

.…… (6)

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LB = a

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LA = a

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Vcell = a 3

where (h, k, l) are Miller indices, λ is the X-ray wavelength, θ is the angle of diffraction, M is

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the molecular weight of the prepared sample, N is Avogadro’s number and a is lattice parameter. It was depicted from the above results that crystallite size (D) for the undoped

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sample was found to be 59 nm and for the doped samples, it was found to be 60 nm, 61 nm, 63 nm for each increasing content of dopants (x). Moreover, lattice parameter (a) for the

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undoped sample (x = 0.0) was 8.37 A0 while for rest of the substituted samples, it first decreased to 8.36 A0 (x = 0.015) but after that it was increased to 8.38 A0 for x = 0.025 which

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again decreases to 8.35 A0 for x = 0.035 as given in table 1. This increasing trend of

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crystallite size (D) and anomalous behavior of lattice parameter (a) is due to the difference in the ionic radii of doped ions Y3+ (0.9 A0), Dy3+ (0.912 A0), Sm3+ (0.964 A0) replacing ferric ions from the interstitial sites having ionic radii as Fe3+ (0.645 A0). As we know that bigger ions such as Y3+, Dy3+ and Sm3+ enters into the crystal lattice interstitial site of Fe3+ ions cause distortions as well as internal strain inside the lattice which is responsible for decrease and increase of lattice parameter (a) for the prepared samples. In addition to this, the x-ray density (dx) depends upon the two factors- molecular weight (M) and lattice parameter (a) of 5

JOURNAL PRE-PROOF prepared samples. The molecular weight (M) and lattice parameter (a) for the doped samples (x = 0.015, 0.025) increases which causes the X-ray density to decrease while for the highest content of substituted sample (x = 0.035), molecular weight (M) and lattice parameter ‘a’ decreases which cause the x-ray density to increase as summarized in table 1. The hopping

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lengths are the distance between the metal ions at the interstitial sites- tetrahedral site (A-site)

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and octahedral site (B-site) present in the crystal lattice as summarized in table 1 which

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increases with the increase in lattice parameter (a) and vice-versa. From the above results, it

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was depicted that with the increase in lattice parameter ‘a’ for the doped samples (x = 0.015, 0.025), hopping lengths at A-site and B-site increases means almost same while for rest of the

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doped sample (x = 0.035), lattice parameter ‘a’ decreases which causes the decrease in

3.2 Surface Morphology

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hopping lengths at A-site and B-site as summarized in table 1.

The surface morphology of synthesized samples was carried out by FESEM which shows the

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formation of agglomerated and cubic magnetic nanoparticles. The phenomenon of agglomeration showing strong magnetic interactions between the prepared magnetic

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nanoparticles and the FESEM micrographs of prepared samples are given in figure 2. 3.3 EDS Analysis (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy)

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The EDS spectra of prepared samples were given in figure 3 showing different characteristic

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peaks of nickel, zinc, cobalt, yttrium, Dysoprium, samarium, iron and oxygen. The spectrum indicates the formation of pure magnetic nanoparticles because no other peaks of the lower atomic number of an element such as He, Li were found. Moreover, it was found that the stiochiometric ratios used for synthesizing these samples are in good agreement with the elemental ratios that we obtained after analysis.

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JOURNAL PRE-PROOF 3.4 Optical Analysis The FTIR study was used as a tool for detecting different frequency absorption peaks of prepared samples. In the case of inverse spinel ferrites, the main frequency range to be studied was between 400-600 cm-1. The FTIR spectra of prepared samples mainly consist of

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two frequency peaks due to the stretching vibrations of metal-oxygen ions at the interstitial

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sites-Tetrahedral site (A-site) and Octahedral site (B-site) as shown in figure 4. The highest

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absorption peak formation for the undoped and doped samples was at 587-594 cm-1

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correspond due to the stretching vibrations of metal-oxygen ions at the A-site whereas the lower absorption peak formation was at 419-424 cm-1 which were due to the stretching

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vibrations of metal-oxygen ions at the B-site. The absorption peak formation in the range as mentioned above indicates the formation of inverse spinel cubic structure of synthesized

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nano-ferrites as shown in table 2. Moreover, the frequency peak around 1600-3500 cm-1 represents the C=O, H-O-H stretching vibration of the absorbed water and H-O-H bending

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vibration of absorbed water for the synthesized samples. In addition to this, the peak formation around 1022-1033 cm-1 and 1384-1384.2 cm-1 is due to the stretching vibration of

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C-C/O-H deformation of synthesized samples. From the FTIR spectra, it was depicted that the continuous increasing and decreasing of frequency peak positions was due to the

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distribution of dopant ions (Y3+, Sm3+, and Dy3+) at the lattice site of Fe3+ ions and also, due

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to a difference in bond lengths at the A-site and B-site inside the crystal lattice. 3.5 Magnetic Analysis

The magnetic measurements of prepared samples have been studied with the help of M-H hysteresis loops as shown in figure 5. From the magnetic measurements, magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization (Ms), a remanent magnetization (Mr), coercivity (Hc), aspect ratio (Mr/Ms) and magnetic moment (nB) were calculated as summarized in table 3. The smaller area of M-H loops as indicated in figure 5 continuously shows the soft character of

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JOURNAL PRE-PROOF synthesized nanomaterials. From the given table 3, maximum value of saturation magnetization (Ms) obtained was at 63 emu/g for x = 0.0 and after that it continuous decreases to 54 emu/g for x = 0.035. This phenomenon can be explained on the basis of the Neel two-sublattice model and exchange interactions between Fe3+ ions and dopants ions

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(Y3+, Sm3+, and Dy3+ ions) at the interstitial sites of the crystal lattice such as tetrahedral site

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(A-site) and octahedral site (B-site). The magnetization of lattice depends upon various

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factors such as grain size and presence of different phases which can be obtained by taking

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the difference of magnetization of A-sublattice and B-sublattice written as:

............ (7)

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M = MB- MA

where MA and MB are magnetizations of A and B sub-lattices. It has been found that three

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categories of exchange interactions such as AA interaction, BB interaction and AB interaction exist between the ions at the A-site and B-site in which the AB interaction

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predominates over the AA as well as BB interaction. It has been found that when all the three dopants (Y3+, Sm3+, and Dy3+) were introduced in place of Fe3+ ions at the lattice sites of the

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inverse spinel crystal structure, it shows the following occupancy phenomenon such as Y3+, Sm3+, and Dy3+ ions occupy octahedral site i.e. B-site of the crystal lattice. When the Y3+,

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Sm3+, and Dy3+ ions preferably occupy the B-site and replace Fe3+ ions from that site, it

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decreases the magnetization of B-sublattice whereas magnetization of A-sublattice remains constant which overall decreases the saturation magnetization (Ms) of prepared samples supports our results to great extent. This supports our results to an absolute level. The coercivity (Hc) is a dependence of size, morphology, micro-strain and magneto-crystalline anisotropy of prepared samples. The maximum value of coercivity (Hc) obtained was 209 Oe for x = 0.0 and the minimum value obtained was at 34 Oe for x = 0.025. This smaller value of coercivity (Hc) and a larger value of saturation magnetization (Ms) were due to the smaller

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JOURNAL PRE-PROOF value of magnetic anisotropy. In addition to this, the remanent magnetization (Mr) obtained for the undoped sample was 19.89 emu/g while with the addition of dopants from x = 0.015 to x = 0.25, it shows a decreasing trend from 3.95 emu/g to 1.99 emu/g as summarized in table 3. The large sized-particles have a tendency for the formation of a multi-domain

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structure which will result in the decrease of coercivity (Hc). The aspect ratio was calculated

........ (8)

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O

Mr Ms

S.R. =

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by using the following relation given below as:

where Ms denotes saturation magnetization and Mr denotes remanent magnetization. It has been found that the calculated aspect ratio was less than 0.5 which leads to the formation of

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the multi-domain structure in the prepared nanomaterials [4]. The value of magnetic moment

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(nB) for the synthesized nano ferrites was found to be in the range of 2.33-2.82 μB calculated by using the following relation summarized in table 3 [5]:

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nB =

M s × M.W. 5585

......... (9)

where Ms is saturation magnetization and M.W. is the molecular weight of the synthesized

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sample. The magnetic moment (nB) of prepared samples is directly related to the saturation magnetization (Ms) so, with the decrease in Ms, the value of the magnetic moment (nB) also

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decreases.

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4. Conclusion

In summary, yttrium, samarium, and Dysoprium doped nickel cobalt zinc ferrite based nanomaterials were successfully synthesized by the sol-gel auto-combustion technique. XRD shows the formation of inverse spinel single phase with no impurity phase. The crystallite size (D) increases with the increase in the dopant concentration found to be in the range of 59-63 nm. The FESEM analysis shows the formation of agglomerated and cubic magnetic nanoparticles. The optical study carried out by the FTIR instrument supports the XRD results 9

JOURNAL PRE-PROOF to a great extent by providing the spectra in the range of 419-594 cm-1. The saturation magnetization of synthesized samples decreases from 63 emu/g to 54 emu/g with the simultaneous increase in yttrium, samarium and Dysoprium ions concentration. Moreover, the magnetic moment of prepared samples showing the same decreasing trend as likes

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saturation magnetization from 2.66 to 2.29 which has been explained on the basis of the

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theory of exchange interactions and Neel's sublattice model.

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5. Acknowledgement

support

and

funding

through

the

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Corresponding author Mr. Rohit Jasrotia is thankful to Indian agency DRDO for its constant whole

work

(Project

No.

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ERIP/PR/1303129/M/01/1564).

research

6. References

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[1] Verma, S, Joy, P A, Khollam, Y B, Potdar, H S and Deshpande, S B, Synthesis of nanosized MgFe2O4 powders by microwave hydrothermal method, Materials Letters, 58

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(2004) 1092–1095, DOI: 58: 1092–1095. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2003.08.025 [2] Xinhua He, Zhide Zhang, Zhiyuan Ling, Sintering behaviour and electromagnetic

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properties of Fe deficient Ni-Zn ferrites, Ceramics International, Volume 34, Issue 6, August 2008, Pages 1409-1412, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2007.03.031.

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[3] Charalampos Stergiou1 and George Litsardakis, Structural and Magnetic Properties of

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Yttrium and Lanthanum-doped Ni-Co and Ni-Co-Zn Spinel Ferrites, AIP Conf. Proc. 1627, 117-122 (2014); doi: 10.1063/1.490166.

[4] Santosh S. Jadhav, Sagar E. Shirasath, B. G. Toksha, S. M. Patange, D. R. Shengule K.M. Jadhav, structural and electrical properties of zinc substituted NiFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method, Physica B, 405 (2010) 2610-2614. [5] Mohd. Hashim, Alimuddin, Shalendra Kumar, B. H. Koo, Sagar E. Shirsath, E. M.Mohammed, Jyoti Shah, R. K. Kotnala, H. K. Choi, H. Chung, Ravi Kumar,

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JOURNAL PRE-PROOF Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of Co-Cu ferrite nanoparticles, Journal of

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AL

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alloys and compounds, 518 (2012), 11-18.

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Figures Captions

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Fig.1. XRD patterns of (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xF2-1.5xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035) nanoferrites

x = 0.015

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x = 0.0

x = 0.035

x = 0.025

Fig.2. FESEM micrographs of (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xF2-1.5xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035) nanoferrites 12

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x = 0.015

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O

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x = 0.0

x = 0.035

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x = 0.025

Fig.3. EDS spectra of (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xF2-1.5xO4

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(x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035) nanoferrites

Fig.4. FTIR spectra of (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xF2-1.5xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035) nanoferrites 13

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O

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Fig.5. M-H loops of (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xF2-1.5xO4

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(x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035) nanoferrites

]

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JOURNAL PRE-PROOF Tables Captions Table 1. Calculated values of crystallite size (D), lattice parameter (a), x-ray density (dx), cell volume (Vcell), hopping lengths at tetrahedral site (A-site) and octahedral site (B-site) (LA & LB) of (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xF2-1.5xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035) nanoferrites x = 0.0

x = 0.015

x = 0.025

x = 0.035

D (nm)

59

60

61

63

a (A0)

8.37

8.36

8.38

dX (g/cm3)

5.33

5.38

5.37

Vcell (A0)3

586

585

LA (A0)

3.62

3.62

LB (A0)

2.96

O

F

Sample

O

8.35

589

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583

3.63

3.62

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5.45

2.96

2.95

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2.96

Table 2. Absorption peaks of (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xF2-1.5xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.025,

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0.035) nanoferrites at the tetrahedral site and Octahedral site Sample (x)

𝛄𝟐

x = 0.0

593.8

419.8

x = 0.015

587.7

420.1

x = 0.025

591.1

419.5

x = 0.035

593.3

423.8

R N

𝛄𝟏

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Absorption peaks

Table 3. Calculated values of saturation magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc), remanent magnetization (Mr), magnetic moment (nB) and aspect ratio (Mr/Ms) of (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xF2-1.5xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035) nanoferrites

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JOURNAL PRE-PROOF x = 0.0

x = 0.015

x = 0.025

x = 0.035

Ms(emu/g)

63

58

54

54

Mr (emu/g)

19.89

3.95

1.99

18.98

Hc (Oe)

177

50

34

209

Mr/Ms

0.3

0.1

0.04

0.4

nB (𝛍𝐁)

2.66

2.46

2.29

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Sample (x)

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O

2.29

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Figures Captions

Fig.1. XRD patterns of (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xF2-1.5xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035) nanoferrites

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x = 0.015

x = 0.025

x = 0.035

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PR

O

O

F

x = 0.0

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Fig.2. FESEM micrographs of (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xF2-1.5xO4

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(x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035) nanoferrites

x = 0.015

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x = 0.0

x = 0.025

x = 0.035

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Fig.3. EDS spectra of (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xF2-1.5xO4

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O

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(x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035) nanoferrites

Fig.4. FTIR spectra of (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xF2-1.5xO4

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(x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035) nanoferrites

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JOURNAL PRE-PROOF Fig.5. M-H loops of (Ni0.7Co0.2Zn0.1)Y0.5xSm0.5xDy0.5xF2-1.5xO4

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(x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035) nanoferrites

Nano-sized magnetic particles of Yttrium, Samarium and Dysprosium doped Nickel Cobalt Zinc were successfully synthesized by the sol-gel auto-combustion technique in order to investigate different structural, morphological, elemental, optical and magnetic properties with the usage of different characterization techniques. XRD patterns revealed the formation of single-phase spinel cubic structure with an average crystallite size (D) in the range of 59-63 nm. The surface morphology of the synthesized samples carried out by FESEM surely indicates the formation of dense, cubic in shape and agglomerated magnetic nanoparticles. The Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy supports our XRD results to a great extent that the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles have single phase spinel cubic structure by giving the spectrum in the range of 419-594 cm-1. The magnetic measurements were carried out by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer for calculating different magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc), remanent magnetization (Hc) and magnetic moment (nB) which was found to be in the range of 54-63 emu/g, 34-209 Oe, 1.99-19.89 emu/g and 2.29-2.66 𝜇 𝐵.

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Highlights

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