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Effects of Chinese wild rice on the lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity in rats fed with high cholesterol diets
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Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 196S (2010) S37–S351
tiple haemorrhage and they are also potent inhibitors of protein and DNA synthesis and known to cause immunosuppression. Zearalenone and its derivatives possess highly anabolic and oestrogenic properties. Ochratoxin A is a widespread food contaminating mycotoxin. Besides cytotoxic properties it is classified as a possible human carcinogen. Aflatoxin B1 is produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus and known to be a human carcinogen. Due to their toxicity it is important to develop rapid methods for screening on-site besides standard analytical methods. Immunoassay-based methods such as LFDs allow qualitative or semi-quantitative determination of mycotoxins within a few minutes. Specific mycotoxin-monoclonal as well as polyclonal antibodies were obtained and labeled with colloidal gold as signal reagent for the use in competitive immunoassays. A test zone leads to the formation of a colored line which allows measuring the toxin concentration and a control line confirms the correct test performance. The intensities of the emerging lines are measured with a photometric reader. Tested commodities include wheat, maize, oat, coffee, and wine. First prototype strip tests for single as well as multi-mycotoxin screening are presented. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1067
P309-034 Seasonal variation of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticide levels of sea and cultured farm fish in Samsun region, Turkey A. Aksoy, D. Guvenc, O. Yavuz, Y.K. Das, E. Atmaca Ondokuz Mayis University Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Turkey Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are chemically stable mixtures that have manufactured as “Aroclor” mixtures until mid-1970s, for use in transformers and capasitors. Organoclorine pesticides (OCPs) which had been extensively used in agriculture in the past. Fish are known to accumulate persistent pollutants through food and environmental exposure, and are a significant source of contaminants to the population. Concentration of selected OCPs (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma HCH, HCB, aldrin, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT) and PCBs (28, 70, 74, 81, 99, 101, 105, 118, 128, 138, 153, 156, 170, 180, 183, 187) were measured in two kinds of cultured farm fish (Rainbow trout Oncornhychus mykiss and Catfish Silurus glanis) and two kinds of sea fish (Mullet Mugil cephalus and Salmon Salmo salar) between March 2008–June 2009 in order to evaluate the status, seasonal changes and potential sources of pollution in Samsun region, Turkey. Samsun is the biggest city of Turkey which is located at the Black Sea cost and also two big river (Yesilirmak and Kizilirmak) flows in it. OCPs and PCBs residues were analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector. Concentrations of total PCBs ranged between 17.6 to 335 in Rainbow trout, 1063 to 3234 in Mullet, 21 to 1887 in Salmon and 108 to 1172 ng/g lipid weight in Catfish and total OCPs concentrations ranged between 303 to 473, 319 to 6158, 101 to 249 and 34 to 6069 ng/g lipid weight in Rainbow trout, Mullet, Salmon and Catfish, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the organic persistent pollutant levels should be monitored regularly and rigorously by the appropriate government agency and with mandatory public reporting. At the same time, it is imperative that producers and consumers
be educated about the hazards of these compounds and how to manage fish and fish products to minimise contamination. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1068
P309-035 Effects of Chinese wild rice on the lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity in rats fed with high cholesterol diets P. Cao 1 , C.K. Zhai 2 , H. Zhang 2 , H.B. Xu 1 , Y.H. Zhou 1 1
National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, 2 School of Public Health, Southeast University, China Objective To study the effects of four kinds of experimental diet, including high cholesterol diet, Chinese wild rice diet, white rice and starch diet and basal diet on the lipotoxicity and disordered lipid metabolism in rats. Methods 44 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the negative control group, the high cholesterol diet group, the white rice-flour group and the Chinese wild rice group. All 4 group rats were given different experimental diet for 8 weeks, body weights were weighted every week, concentration of serum TC, TG, HDL-C, FFA and leptin were measured, and liver pathology were observed. Results Compared with the negative control group, the hyperlipidemic rat model was successfully made in high cholesterol diet group. Compared with the high cholesterol diet group and white rice-flour diet group, the serum TC and TG contents were significantly decreased, and HDL-C concentration significantly increased in the Chinese wild rice group. Moreover, Chinese wild rice group had lower contents of serum and liver FFA but higher serum leptin than the high cholesterol diet group and white rice-flour diet group. Moreover, the conditions of liver cell fatty degeneration in Chinese wild rice group were slight. Conclusion Compared to the white rice-flour, Chinese wild rice could improve the lipid metabolism and liver lipotoxicity of hyperlipidemic rats induced by high cholesterol diet. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1069
P309-036 Use of Caco-2 cells based culture systems for improved benefit/risk assessment in human food Y.J. Schneider, I. Dupont, G. Nollevaux, A. Bazes, J. Van De Walle, P. Pluvinage, T. Sergent Institut des Sciences de la Vie & UCLouvain, Belgium Caco-2 cells are widely used for both mechanistic research in molecular cell biology as well as in studies aiming at estimating, in vitro, the bioavailability of drug candidates. This results largely from the differentiation of these human colon adenocarcinoma cells into enterocytes in classical culture conditions, as well as from the use of bicameral culture inserts including porosity calibrated filters. The benefit/risk assessment of food substances (i.e. nutrients, food supplements, mycotoxins, nanoparticles, microorganisms) appears however more complicated than for drugs, partly due to the presence of complex matrices that may decrease their bioaccessibility, but also contain various substances able to interfere with their absorption (i.e. nutrients, mucus layer, transport systems, biotransformation enzymes, tight junctions) either directly (protein level) or indirectly (gene expression).
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 196S (2010) S37–S351
tiple haemorrhage and they are also potent inhibitors of protein and DNA synthesis and known to cause immunosuppression. Zearalenone and its derivatives possess highly anabolic and oestrogenic properties. Ochratoxin A is a widespread food contaminating mycotoxin. Besides cytotoxic properties it is classified as a possible human carcinogen. Aflatoxin B1 is produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus and known to be a human carcinogen. Due to their toxicity it is important to develop rapid methods for screening on-site besides standard analytical methods. Immunoassay-based methods such as LFDs allow qualitative or semi-quantitative determination of mycotoxins within a few minutes. Specific mycotoxin-monoclonal as well as polyclonal antibodies were obtained and labeled with colloidal gold as signal reagent for the use in competitive immunoassays. A test zone leads to the formation of a colored line which allows measuring the toxin concentration and a control line confirms the correct test performance. The intensities of the emerging lines are measured with a photometric reader. Tested commodities include wheat, maize, oat, coffee, and wine. First prototype strip tests for single as well as multi-mycotoxin screening are presented. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1067
P309-034 Seasonal variation of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticide levels of sea and cultured farm fish in Samsun region, Turkey A. Aksoy, D. Guvenc, O. Yavuz, Y.K. Das, E. Atmaca Ondokuz Mayis University Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Turkey Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are chemically stable mixtures that have manufactured as “Aroclor” mixtures until mid-1970s, for use in transformers and capasitors. Organoclorine pesticides (OCPs) which had been extensively used in agriculture in the past. Fish are known to accumulate persistent pollutants through food and environmental exposure, and are a significant source of contaminants to the population. Concentration of selected OCPs (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma HCH, HCB, aldrin, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT) and PCBs (28, 70, 74, 81, 99, 101, 105, 118, 128, 138, 153, 156, 170, 180, 183, 187) were measured in two kinds of cultured farm fish (Rainbow trout Oncornhychus mykiss and Catfish Silurus glanis) and two kinds of sea fish (Mullet Mugil cephalus and Salmon Salmo salar) between March 2008–June 2009 in order to evaluate the status, seasonal changes and potential sources of pollution in Samsun region, Turkey. Samsun is the biggest city of Turkey which is located at the Black Sea cost and also two big river (Yesilirmak and Kizilirmak) flows in it. OCPs and PCBs residues were analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detector. Concentrations of total PCBs ranged between 17.6 to 335 in Rainbow trout, 1063 to 3234 in Mullet, 21 to 1887 in Salmon and 108 to 1172 ng/g lipid weight in Catfish and total OCPs concentrations ranged between 303 to 473, 319 to 6158, 101 to 249 and 34 to 6069 ng/g lipid weight in Rainbow trout, Mullet, Salmon and Catfish, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the organic persistent pollutant levels should be monitored regularly and rigorously by the appropriate government agency and with mandatory public reporting. At the same time, it is imperative that producers and consumers
be educated about the hazards of these compounds and how to manage fish and fish products to minimise contamination. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1068
P309-035 Effects of Chinese wild rice on the lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity in rats fed with high cholesterol diets P. Cao 1 , C.K. Zhai 2 , H. Zhang 2 , H.B. Xu 1 , Y.H. Zhou 1 1
National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, 2 School of Public Health, Southeast University, China Objective To study the effects of four kinds of experimental diet, including high cholesterol diet, Chinese wild rice diet, white rice and starch diet and basal diet on the lipotoxicity and disordered lipid metabolism in rats. Methods 44 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the negative control group, the high cholesterol diet group, the white rice-flour group and the Chinese wild rice group. All 4 group rats were given different experimental diet for 8 weeks, body weights were weighted every week, concentration of serum TC, TG, HDL-C, FFA and leptin were measured, and liver pathology were observed. Results Compared with the negative control group, the hyperlipidemic rat model was successfully made in high cholesterol diet group. Compared with the high cholesterol diet group and white rice-flour diet group, the serum TC and TG contents were significantly decreased, and HDL-C concentration significantly increased in the Chinese wild rice group. Moreover, Chinese wild rice group had lower contents of serum and liver FFA but higher serum leptin than the high cholesterol diet group and white rice-flour diet group. Moreover, the conditions of liver cell fatty degeneration in Chinese wild rice group were slight. Conclusion Compared to the white rice-flour, Chinese wild rice could improve the lipid metabolism and liver lipotoxicity of hyperlipidemic rats induced by high cholesterol diet. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1069
P309-036 Use of Caco-2 cells based culture systems for improved benefit/risk assessment in human food Y.J. Schneider, I. Dupont, G. Nollevaux, A. Bazes, J. Van De Walle, P. Pluvinage, T. Sergent Institut des Sciences de la Vie & UCLouvain, Belgium Caco-2 cells are widely used for both mechanistic research in molecular cell biology as well as in studies aiming at estimating, in vitro, the bioavailability of drug candidates. This results largely from the differentiation of these human colon adenocarcinoma cells into enterocytes in classical culture conditions, as well as from the use of bicameral culture inserts including porosity calibrated filters. The benefit/risk assessment of food substances (i.e. nutrients, food supplements, mycotoxins, nanoparticles, microorganisms) appears however more complicated than for drugs, partly due to the presence of complex matrices that may decrease their bioaccessibility, but also contain various substances able to interfere with their absorption (i.e. nutrients, mucus layer, transport systems, biotransformation enzymes, tight junctions) either directly (protein level) or indirectly (gene expression).