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Effects of cyanotoxins and lead on avian reproduction
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 205S (2011) S180–S300
P2231 Subchronic and reproductive toxicity of Psychotria colorata in male rats V.M. Maruo 1,∗ , V.L. Lima 2 , L.T. Sousa 2 , D.P. Mariano-Souza 1 , A.T. Ramos 1 , H.S. Spinosa 3 1
Animal Science, Tocantins Federal University, Araguaína, Brazil, Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil, 3 Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 2
Psychotria colorata is used medicinally for pain-related purposes among Amazonian caboclos in Brazil. An alkaloid extract of P. colorata flowers showed a marked dose-dependent naloxonereversible analgesic activity, suggesting an opioid-like pharmacological profile. Recently, farmers reported abortion in cows associated with ingestion of that plant. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate subchronic and reproductive toxicity of P. colorata in rats. Twenty adult male Wistar rats (60 days old) were randomly allotted into two groups. The rats in the control group were given pellets of commercial diet and experimental rats consumed diet containing 5% of dried and ground P. colorata, during 60 days. On day 61, rats were mated with untreated and fertile female rats that received commercial diet and water ad libitum. During the test period, mortality, clinical signs and changes in body weight were recorded. Serum biochemical parameters were determined. Furthermore, reproductive, necropsy and histopathological examinations were done. Neither mortality nor clinical signs of toxicity were observed. The experimental group showed general significant decrease in water, food consumption and cholesterol levels and increase in creatinine. Histopathological examination revealed vacuolar degeneration in hepatocytes. Testosterone levels and male reproductive organs were not affected by the treatment. Untreated female rats that were mated with treated males showed decrease in maternal weight gain, female pups body size and increase in the number of female pups. The data suggests that P. colorata subchronic consumption present toxicity and induces reproductive toxicity to male Wistar rats. Work supported with grants from CNPq and CAPES. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.855
P2232 In vitro evaluation of the embryotoxic potency of amorphous nanosilica T. Ogura 1,∗ , Y. Yoshioka 2 , K. Yamashita 1 , K. Kawabata 3 , H. Mizuguchi 4 , T. Yoshikawa 1 , N. Itoh 1 , Y. Tsutsumi 1 1
Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, 2 Mei Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, 3 Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan, 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Purpose: Recently, research into potential safety of nanomaterials (NMs) is increasing. However, few studies have examined the developmental toxicity of NMs. We have tried to apply the embryonic stem cell test (EST), which is an in vitro screening assay to assess chemical’s embryotoxic potency, for evaluating the developmental toxicity of NMs. In this study, we examined the embryotoxicity of amorphous nanosilica particles (nSPs), one of the
S251
most extensively developed NMs, with different sizes by the EST. Methods: We used amorphous silica particles with diameters of 30, 70, 300, and 1000 nm (nSP30, nSP70, nSP300, and mSP1000 respectively). The D3 murine embryonic stem cells were seeded in 96-well lipidure coated plates to form embryoid bodies (EBs) at day 0, and then nSPs were added. At day 5, the formed EBs were transferred into tissue culture coated 96-well plates. After an additional 5 days of incubation, the contractility of the cells and cellular viabilities were assessed. Results of the study: We showed that nSP30 tended to inhibit differentiation of D3 cells into contractile cardiomyocytes without serious cytotoxicity. In contrast, nSP70, nSP300, and mSP1000 did not induce cell differentiation. These results suggest that nSP30 might have the potency to induce adverse affect for prenatal development. We believe that the knowledge obtained from these studies might provide basic and useful information for developing safe NMs. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.856
P2233 Effects of cyanotoxins and lead on avian reproduction J. Pikula 1,∗ , V. Damkova 2 , H. Bandouchova 2 , V. Paskova 3 , K. Hilscherova 3 , M. Pohanka 4 , K. Ondracek 2 , F. Vitula 2 1
Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, 2 University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, 3 Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, 4 Center of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Multiple stressors play an important role in wildlife mortality. Adverse effects associated with exposure to microcystins (MCs) have already been recognized. Likewise, lead can exert negative effects at various levels in the organism. The present study tested the hypothesis that the adverse effects of cyanotoxins and lead combine to enhance avian reproductive impairment. Experimental Japanese quails were allocated to (a) control, (b) lead-exposed, (c) cyanobacterial biomass-exposed, and (d) lead-and-cyanobacterial biomass-exposed groups of 16 pairs. Birds in single and/or combined exposure groups received the daily sum of 61.62 g MCs for 6 weeks and/or six lead shots weighing totally from 1.38 to 1.59 g inserted into the crop on day 0 of the experiment. Group differences were evaluated using the mortality of adults, feed consumption, body and organ weights, egg laid numbers and abnormalities, eggshell thickness, eggs fertile, embryos viable, normal or abnormal hatchlings, clinical signs of toxicity, 14-day old surviving chicks, chick body weight at hatching and 14 days after hatching, reproductive indices such as viability, hatchability and the overall effect of hatching, the mean number of 14-day old survivors per hen per day and the number of eggs laid per hen per day. The results demonstrated that mortality and morbidity due to combined sublethal exposure of adult birds can exert reproductive effects on a population level. Acknowledgements: The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic) and the Internal Grant Agency of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno supported projects MSM 6215712402 and 79/2010/FVHE, respectively. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.857
P2231 Subchronic and reproductive toxicity of Psychotria colorata in male rats V.M. Maruo 1,∗ , V.L. Lima 2 , L.T. Sousa 2 , D.P. Mariano-Souza 1 , A.T. Ramos 1 , H.S. Spinosa 3 1
Animal Science, Tocantins Federal University, Araguaína, Brazil, Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil, 3 Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 2
Psychotria colorata is used medicinally for pain-related purposes among Amazonian caboclos in Brazil. An alkaloid extract of P. colorata flowers showed a marked dose-dependent naloxonereversible analgesic activity, suggesting an opioid-like pharmacological profile. Recently, farmers reported abortion in cows associated with ingestion of that plant. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate subchronic and reproductive toxicity of P. colorata in rats. Twenty adult male Wistar rats (60 days old) were randomly allotted into two groups. The rats in the control group were given pellets of commercial diet and experimental rats consumed diet containing 5% of dried and ground P. colorata, during 60 days. On day 61, rats were mated with untreated and fertile female rats that received commercial diet and water ad libitum. During the test period, mortality, clinical signs and changes in body weight were recorded. Serum biochemical parameters were determined. Furthermore, reproductive, necropsy and histopathological examinations were done. Neither mortality nor clinical signs of toxicity were observed. The experimental group showed general significant decrease in water, food consumption and cholesterol levels and increase in creatinine. Histopathological examination revealed vacuolar degeneration in hepatocytes. Testosterone levels and male reproductive organs were not affected by the treatment. Untreated female rats that were mated with treated males showed decrease in maternal weight gain, female pups body size and increase in the number of female pups. The data suggests that P. colorata subchronic consumption present toxicity and induces reproductive toxicity to male Wistar rats. Work supported with grants from CNPq and CAPES. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.855
P2232 In vitro evaluation of the embryotoxic potency of amorphous nanosilica T. Ogura 1,∗ , Y. Yoshioka 2 , K. Yamashita 1 , K. Kawabata 3 , H. Mizuguchi 4 , T. Yoshikawa 1 , N. Itoh 1 , Y. Tsutsumi 1 1
Department of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, 2 Mei Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, 3 Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan, 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Purpose: Recently, research into potential safety of nanomaterials (NMs) is increasing. However, few studies have examined the developmental toxicity of NMs. We have tried to apply the embryonic stem cell test (EST), which is an in vitro screening assay to assess chemical’s embryotoxic potency, for evaluating the developmental toxicity of NMs. In this study, we examined the embryotoxicity of amorphous nanosilica particles (nSPs), one of the
S251
most extensively developed NMs, with different sizes by the EST. Methods: We used amorphous silica particles with diameters of 30, 70, 300, and 1000 nm (nSP30, nSP70, nSP300, and mSP1000 respectively). The D3 murine embryonic stem cells were seeded in 96-well lipidure coated plates to form embryoid bodies (EBs) at day 0, and then nSPs were added. At day 5, the formed EBs were transferred into tissue culture coated 96-well plates. After an additional 5 days of incubation, the contractility of the cells and cellular viabilities were assessed. Results of the study: We showed that nSP30 tended to inhibit differentiation of D3 cells into contractile cardiomyocytes without serious cytotoxicity. In contrast, nSP70, nSP300, and mSP1000 did not induce cell differentiation. These results suggest that nSP30 might have the potency to induce adverse affect for prenatal development. We believe that the knowledge obtained from these studies might provide basic and useful information for developing safe NMs. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.856
P2233 Effects of cyanotoxins and lead on avian reproduction J. Pikula 1,∗ , V. Damkova 2 , H. Bandouchova 2 , V. Paskova 3 , K. Hilscherova 3 , M. Pohanka 4 , K. Ondracek 2 , F. Vitula 2 1
Department of Veterinary Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, 2 University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, 3 Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, 4 Center of Advanced Studies, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic Multiple stressors play an important role in wildlife mortality. Adverse effects associated with exposure to microcystins (MCs) have already been recognized. Likewise, lead can exert negative effects at various levels in the organism. The present study tested the hypothesis that the adverse effects of cyanotoxins and lead combine to enhance avian reproductive impairment. Experimental Japanese quails were allocated to (a) control, (b) lead-exposed, (c) cyanobacterial biomass-exposed, and (d) lead-and-cyanobacterial biomass-exposed groups of 16 pairs. Birds in single and/or combined exposure groups received the daily sum of 61.62 g MCs for 6 weeks and/or six lead shots weighing totally from 1.38 to 1.59 g inserted into the crop on day 0 of the experiment. Group differences were evaluated using the mortality of adults, feed consumption, body and organ weights, egg laid numbers and abnormalities, eggshell thickness, eggs fertile, embryos viable, normal or abnormal hatchlings, clinical signs of toxicity, 14-day old surviving chicks, chick body weight at hatching and 14 days after hatching, reproductive indices such as viability, hatchability and the overall effect of hatching, the mean number of 14-day old survivors per hen per day and the number of eggs laid per hen per day. The results demonstrated that mortality and morbidity due to combined sublethal exposure of adult birds can exert reproductive effects on a population level. Acknowledgements: The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic) and the Internal Grant Agency of the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno supported projects MSM 6215712402 and 79/2010/FVHE, respectively. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.857