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Effects of high pressure and high temperature on some physical properties of ocean sediments
6A A series of experiments were conducted in order to measure the heat generated during sliding on a simulated fault in granite, and also to determine the effect of the presence of water and fault gouge. It was concluded that: (1) laboratory stick slip and stable sliding modes of deformation produce measurable heating of the fault surface, (2) this heating can be related to frictional sliding energy expended during deformation, (3) for the range of normal stresses studied, average surface temperature rises are less than 4 deg C and, consequently, had little effect in controlling friction and (4) the presence of water and gouge has little effect on the rate of frictional heating.
851O45 Petrology and physical properties of granites from the Illinois deep hole in Stephenson County Lidiak, E G; Denison, R E J Geophys Res 1/88. NB9, 10 Sept 1983, P7287-7299 Petrographic, chemical and mineralogical characteristics are presented, indicating that two main basement granitoid types occur in the Illinois deep core holes. The main variety is a massive medium-to-coarse-grained porphyritic granite; the other, a fine-grained granoblastic to lepidoblastic gneissic granite. It is shown that there is a reasonable correlation between the magnetic susceptibility and density measurements of the core samples and the magnetic susceptibility and density logs.
851046 Thermal conductivity of minerals at high pressure: the effect of phase transitions Roufosse, M C; Jeanloz, R J Geophys Res II88, NB9, 10 Sept 1983, P7399-7409 A model based on interatomic potential is used to predict the behaviour of the thermal conductivity of alkali halides as a function of pressure and across a phase transition. The model predicts an increase in anharmonic properties for simple compounds. Results stress the importance of interatomic spacing as well as density in determining changes in thermodynamic properties due to polymorphism. The conductivity increases with compression in both phases and decreases across the transition from low to high density structures.
851047 Physical properties of ordinary chondrites Yomogida, K; Matsui, T J Geophys Res 1/88, NBll, 10 Nov 1983, P9513-9533 The physical properties (intrinsic and bulk densities, porosity, compressional and shear wave velocities, thermal diffusivity and conductivity) of a number of chondrites were measured. The results summarized in this study show that the porosity of chondrites is less than 20~0; the elastic and thermal properties of ordinary chondrites vary greatly with porosity, though correlate fairly well together; the difference between H and L chondrites is attributed to the content of metallic Fe-Ni. 74 refs.
851048 Effects of high pressure and high temperature on some physical properties of ocean sediments Morin, R; Silva, A J d Geophys Res 1189, NB1, 10 Jan 1984, P511-526 Laboratory experiments were conducted with four ocean sediments, two biogenic oozes and two clays. Permeability and thermal conductivity were directly measured as a function of porosity in order to identify any dependence of these physical properties upon hydrostatic pressure and temperature. Results showed no discernible effect of pressure upon sample permeability. The effects of sizeable variations in pressure and temperature upon sediment thermal conductivity were found to closely reflect the behaviour of the conductivity of the liquid
phase alone under the same changes in environmental conditions. Empirical equations are presented which allow sediment thermal conductivity to be calculated as a function of temperature and void ratio. A hydrostatic pressure correction term is also presented. 44 refs.
851049 Comparison of maline clays from Ariake Bay, Japan and the South Nation River Landslide Site, Canada Torrance, J K Soils Found V24, N2, June 1984. P75-81 The smectite-dominated Ariake Bay marine clay, Japan, is found to conform to the general model for quick clay development, proposed on the basis of the properties and behaviour of the Canadian and Scandinavian quick clays. The Ariake Bay soil is more plastic than the South Nation clay, however, its plasticity and yield stress at constant water content decrease with salinity in the same manner. The changes in pore-water chemistry and addition and removal of various materials are similar for both soils. The removal of citrate-dithionite soluble materials decreases the yield stress in both soils.
851050 On the thermal conductivity of low-porosity crystalline rocks Scharli, U; Rybach, L Tectonophysics V103, N1-4, 20 March 1984, P307-313 Thermal conductivity measurements were performed on dry and water-saturated granitic samples by means of a Quick Thermal Conductivity Meter (QTM), Results show that for a lowporosity granite (0.8%) the difference between dry and watersaturated conductivities amounts to 300.0. The measured conductivities are in good agreement with values calculated for a pore configuration model based on interconnected crack-type pores. For low-porosity crystalline rocks, thermal conductivity measurements on dry and water-saturated samples can serve as a rapid and efficient method to determine porosity.
851051 Transient method and thermophysical parameters of rocks from Dobrudja, Northeastern Bulgaria Gasharov, S; Petrov, P Tectonophysics VI03, N1-4, 20 March 1984, P315-320 The thermophysical parameters of the Dobrudja coal basin have been investigated and the heat flow in the region determined as an aid to mining construction. These parameters were determined by a transient method, based on the solution of the heat conduction equation for a fiat plate insulated thermally on one side and heated on the other side. For the reliable determination of the terrestrial heat flow, only measurements from zones free from hydrothermal influence were used.
851052 Measurement of thermal difl'usivity of rock cores Drury, M J; Allen, V S; Jessop, A M Tectonophysics VI03, NI-4, 20 March 1984, P321-333 Methods of determining the thermal diffusivity of a rock by estimates from specific heat data and by the direct measurement of thermal diffusivity are described. The new direct measurement method allows diffusivity to be measured from rock disks. cut to meet the requirements of the divided bar apparatus for conductivity determinations. The technique is a modification of Angstrom's method in that a thin sample disk is attached to a long matching rod of similar material and diffusivity is obtained by measuring the amplitude decrement and phase lag of a sinusoidal temperature wave that travels through the assembly. A correction is made for the effect of thermal mismatch between disk and rod. Tests suggest diffusivity can be measured in this way with an accuracy of 5% and a repeatability of 3%.
851O45 Petrology and physical properties of granites from the Illinois deep hole in Stephenson County Lidiak, E G; Denison, R E J Geophys Res 1/88. NB9, 10 Sept 1983, P7287-7299 Petrographic, chemical and mineralogical characteristics are presented, indicating that two main basement granitoid types occur in the Illinois deep core holes. The main variety is a massive medium-to-coarse-grained porphyritic granite; the other, a fine-grained granoblastic to lepidoblastic gneissic granite. It is shown that there is a reasonable correlation between the magnetic susceptibility and density measurements of the core samples and the magnetic susceptibility and density logs.
851046 Thermal conductivity of minerals at high pressure: the effect of phase transitions Roufosse, M C; Jeanloz, R J Geophys Res II88, NB9, 10 Sept 1983, P7399-7409 A model based on interatomic potential is used to predict the behaviour of the thermal conductivity of alkali halides as a function of pressure and across a phase transition. The model predicts an increase in anharmonic properties for simple compounds. Results stress the importance of interatomic spacing as well as density in determining changes in thermodynamic properties due to polymorphism. The conductivity increases with compression in both phases and decreases across the transition from low to high density structures.
851047 Physical properties of ordinary chondrites Yomogida, K; Matsui, T J Geophys Res 1/88, NBll, 10 Nov 1983, P9513-9533 The physical properties (intrinsic and bulk densities, porosity, compressional and shear wave velocities, thermal diffusivity and conductivity) of a number of chondrites were measured. The results summarized in this study show that the porosity of chondrites is less than 20~0; the elastic and thermal properties of ordinary chondrites vary greatly with porosity, though correlate fairly well together; the difference between H and L chondrites is attributed to the content of metallic Fe-Ni. 74 refs.
851048 Effects of high pressure and high temperature on some physical properties of ocean sediments Morin, R; Silva, A J d Geophys Res 1189, NB1, 10 Jan 1984, P511-526 Laboratory experiments were conducted with four ocean sediments, two biogenic oozes and two clays. Permeability and thermal conductivity were directly measured as a function of porosity in order to identify any dependence of these physical properties upon hydrostatic pressure and temperature. Results showed no discernible effect of pressure upon sample permeability. The effects of sizeable variations in pressure and temperature upon sediment thermal conductivity were found to closely reflect the behaviour of the conductivity of the liquid
phase alone under the same changes in environmental conditions. Empirical equations are presented which allow sediment thermal conductivity to be calculated as a function of temperature and void ratio. A hydrostatic pressure correction term is also presented. 44 refs.
851049 Comparison of maline clays from Ariake Bay, Japan and the South Nation River Landslide Site, Canada Torrance, J K Soils Found V24, N2, June 1984. P75-81 The smectite-dominated Ariake Bay marine clay, Japan, is found to conform to the general model for quick clay development, proposed on the basis of the properties and behaviour of the Canadian and Scandinavian quick clays. The Ariake Bay soil is more plastic than the South Nation clay, however, its plasticity and yield stress at constant water content decrease with salinity in the same manner. The changes in pore-water chemistry and addition and removal of various materials are similar for both soils. The removal of citrate-dithionite soluble materials decreases the yield stress in both soils.
851050 On the thermal conductivity of low-porosity crystalline rocks Scharli, U; Rybach, L Tectonophysics V103, N1-4, 20 March 1984, P307-313 Thermal conductivity measurements were performed on dry and water-saturated granitic samples by means of a Quick Thermal Conductivity Meter (QTM), Results show that for a lowporosity granite (0.8%) the difference between dry and watersaturated conductivities amounts to 300.0. The measured conductivities are in good agreement with values calculated for a pore configuration model based on interconnected crack-type pores. For low-porosity crystalline rocks, thermal conductivity measurements on dry and water-saturated samples can serve as a rapid and efficient method to determine porosity.
851051 Transient method and thermophysical parameters of rocks from Dobrudja, Northeastern Bulgaria Gasharov, S; Petrov, P Tectonophysics VI03, N1-4, 20 March 1984, P315-320 The thermophysical parameters of the Dobrudja coal basin have been investigated and the heat flow in the region determined as an aid to mining construction. These parameters were determined by a transient method, based on the solution of the heat conduction equation for a fiat plate insulated thermally on one side and heated on the other side. For the reliable determination of the terrestrial heat flow, only measurements from zones free from hydrothermal influence were used.
851052 Measurement of thermal difl'usivity of rock cores Drury, M J; Allen, V S; Jessop, A M Tectonophysics VI03, NI-4, 20 March 1984, P321-333 Methods of determining the thermal diffusivity of a rock by estimates from specific heat data and by the direct measurement of thermal diffusivity are described. The new direct measurement method allows diffusivity to be measured from rock disks. cut to meet the requirements of the divided bar apparatus for conductivity determinations. The technique is a modification of Angstrom's method in that a thin sample disk is attached to a long matching rod of similar material and diffusivity is obtained by measuring the amplitude decrement and phase lag of a sinusoidal temperature wave that travels through the assembly. A correction is made for the effect of thermal mismatch between disk and rod. Tests suggest diffusivity can be measured in this way with an accuracy of 5% and a repeatability of 3%.