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Effects of impermeable clothing and respirator on work performance
between the two climates, but they yielded lower values with decreased air velocity. On the other hand, indices based on heat balance analysis or calculations of sweat rate (heat stress index, predicted 4 h sweat rate and effective temperature) could more accurately predict the physiological and psychological strain. 10.4.35 (77294) Vogt, J.J., and Metz, B. Evaluation of the work load in hot environments. Commission of the European Communities, DirectorateGeneral "Scientific and Technical Information Management', Luxembourg. Office for Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, Report No EUR 5556, 1977, 110 pp; abstr in CIS Abstracts (CIS 79-90). This report considers the main ideas and findings of a number of ergonomics research projects financed by the CEC, aimed at improving working conditions in stressful hot environments. Introductory material is followed by chapters devoted to: concepts of stress and strain; assessment of heat stress (analysis of metabolic heat stress and ambient heat stress; physical parameters fixing heat exchange between man and the environment, and thermal environment parameters (definition and measurement of dry-bulb temperature, mean radiant temperature, air velocity and air humidity); physical parameters for the skin; heat exchange between man and the environment (conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation of sweat); influence of clothing on heat exchange; assessment of physiological strains (sweat strain, circulatory strain, thermostatic strain); psychosensorimotor strains, overall assessment of environments and permitted maximum temperatures; thermal neutrality and comfort; ergonomics methodology in the study and design of hot workplaces (correction of heat stress, and of physiological strain; acclimatisation; selection; food and drinks); main lines of research to be encouraged.
Specialised and
protective clothing and equipment 10.4.36 (77157) Hausman, A. Inflammable clothing for rescuers (Vetements Antiflamme pour Sauveteurs). (In French.) A nnales des Mines de Belgique, 1978, 5 , 5 3 7 - 5 8 0 . The aim of the research was to find a garment for rescuers which could be worn for at least an hour, in
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environments with high temperatures, and which wouM protect against the effects of fire from minor blasting. The Centre d'Etudes et Recherches des Charbonnages de France, the Haupstelle fur das Grubeurettungswesen d'Essen, the Versuchsstrecke de Dortmund-Derne, the Co-ordinatiecentrum Reddingswezen de Hasselt and the Institut Provincial Ernest Malvoz de Liege have participated in this research. A preliminary selection from the available fabrics on the market has been made by submitting these fabrics to laboratory tests to determine, for constant heat flow, their resistance to fire and their resistance to heat flow. Wearability tests with subjects in actual intervention conditions have made a second selection possible. Finall~¢, blasting, tests in galleries of 14 m " and ~ m 2 in section have shown that in practice the best equipment in temperatures O lower than 30 C was the overgarment in Baumwol-Moleskin worn with the undergarment in 'Doppel Frottee (Schiesser)' and that in temperatures higher than 30°C, the undergarment in 'Doppel Frottee (Schiesser)' alone, but impregnated with water 400% its own weight was adequate 10.4.37 (77158) Mossman, P.B.. and Atterbom. H.A. Effects of impermeable clothing and respirator on work performance. Part 1: Laboratory studies. Apr 1978, 47 pp; abstr in Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (Report No SAND-77-2132). Work performance with impervious clothing and full-face respirator was investigated during maximal and submaximal (40 to 60%) bicycle ergometer efforts. Five different exercise protocols were administered. Heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (V/sub 02), and skin and rectal temperatures (T/sub s/and T/sub r/) were monitored. The impervious suits resulted in decreased work performance, aerobic metabolism, and tolerance time. Stress indices of HR and mean T/sub s / w e r e found to be correlated with these differences. The study demonstrates that a security system using a chemical deterrent places a physiological stress of considerable magnitude on an adversary group.
Work organisation 10.4.38 (77184) Jirak, Z., and Zlamal, J. On the problem of maximum permissible time of work in heat (K Otazce Maximalne Pripusme Doby Prace v Horku). (In Czech.) Pracovni Lekarstvi. 1978, 30.10, 361- 370.
AppliedErgonomics December 1979
A total of i42 all-shift measurements in workers of different metallurgical occupations revealed a highly significam correlation between the production of sweat actually found and that calculated theoretically according to Jokl's method. Of the three investigated factors known to influence the production of sweat, the age factor proved to be the weightiest of all, while that o f specific b o d y weight appeared to be less significant. The effect of fluid replacement during the working shift was of no statistical significance even at the 20% level of significance. Calculations were made of long-term and short-term permissible times of work for an average man aged 20 to 29 years, net energy output of 140 up to 558 W. clothing heat resistance of 0.I5 up to 0-25 W -1 m 2 . K, resulting thermometer temperature of 10 up to 80°C. and relative humidity of 30 up to 90%. The overall tolerable exposure to heat is limited by sweat production of 2154 m l . m -2 and by net energy output of 7-54 MJ. Shortterm tolerable exposure is limited by a quantity of heat accumulated in the body equal to 128 k J . m -2. Correction coefficients have been calculated for men over the age of 30, for women of different age groups, as well as for different lengths of working shift time.
10.4.39 (77198~ Tasto, D.L. e t a~ Health consequences of shift work. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, Publication No DHEW (NtOSH) 78-t54, Mar 1978, 137 pp This 30-month study, conducted by SRI International and sponsored by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, investigated the effect of working unconventional hours, ie, afternoon, night, and rotating shifts, on the psychological and physiological well-being of workers. Data for a sample of about 1200 nurses and a similar number of food processors were collected b y review of health and accident files and from the administration of a lengthy questionnaire. Areas of inquiry included: basic subject demography (eg, age, sex~ race, marital status, and length of employment), incidence and prevalence of physical complaints and illness histories; eating patterns; sleep patterns: medication usage; life style and domestic patterns: and psychological profiles. The results of extensive computer analyses o f the health and accident records and the questionnaire data are reported in separate sections of this report. Findings confirm studies of European shift workers that demonstrate a
Specialised and
protective clothing and equipment 10.4.36 (77157) Hausman, A. Inflammable clothing for rescuers (Vetements Antiflamme pour Sauveteurs). (In French.) A nnales des Mines de Belgique, 1978, 5 , 5 3 7 - 5 8 0 . The aim of the research was to find a garment for rescuers which could be worn for at least an hour, in
246
environments with high temperatures, and which wouM protect against the effects of fire from minor blasting. The Centre d'Etudes et Recherches des Charbonnages de France, the Haupstelle fur das Grubeurettungswesen d'Essen, the Versuchsstrecke de Dortmund-Derne, the Co-ordinatiecentrum Reddingswezen de Hasselt and the Institut Provincial Ernest Malvoz de Liege have participated in this research. A preliminary selection from the available fabrics on the market has been made by submitting these fabrics to laboratory tests to determine, for constant heat flow, their resistance to fire and their resistance to heat flow. Wearability tests with subjects in actual intervention conditions have made a second selection possible. Finall~¢, blasting, tests in galleries of 14 m " and ~ m 2 in section have shown that in practice the best equipment in temperatures O lower than 30 C was the overgarment in Baumwol-Moleskin worn with the undergarment in 'Doppel Frottee (Schiesser)' and that in temperatures higher than 30°C, the undergarment in 'Doppel Frottee (Schiesser)' alone, but impregnated with water 400% its own weight was adequate 10.4.37 (77158) Mossman, P.B.. and Atterbom. H.A. Effects of impermeable clothing and respirator on work performance. Part 1: Laboratory studies. Apr 1978, 47 pp; abstr in Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (Report No SAND-77-2132). Work performance with impervious clothing and full-face respirator was investigated during maximal and submaximal (40 to 60%) bicycle ergometer efforts. Five different exercise protocols were administered. Heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (V/sub 02), and skin and rectal temperatures (T/sub s/and T/sub r/) were monitored. The impervious suits resulted in decreased work performance, aerobic metabolism, and tolerance time. Stress indices of HR and mean T/sub s / w e r e found to be correlated with these differences. The study demonstrates that a security system using a chemical deterrent places a physiological stress of considerable magnitude on an adversary group.
Work organisation 10.4.38 (77184) Jirak, Z., and Zlamal, J. On the problem of maximum permissible time of work in heat (K Otazce Maximalne Pripusme Doby Prace v Horku). (In Czech.) Pracovni Lekarstvi. 1978, 30.10, 361- 370.
AppliedErgonomics December 1979
A total of i42 all-shift measurements in workers of different metallurgical occupations revealed a highly significam correlation between the production of sweat actually found and that calculated theoretically according to Jokl's method. Of the three investigated factors known to influence the production of sweat, the age factor proved to be the weightiest of all, while that o f specific b o d y weight appeared to be less significant. The effect of fluid replacement during the working shift was of no statistical significance even at the 20% level of significance. Calculations were made of long-term and short-term permissible times of work for an average man aged 20 to 29 years, net energy output of 140 up to 558 W. clothing heat resistance of 0.I5 up to 0-25 W -1 m 2 . K, resulting thermometer temperature of 10 up to 80°C. and relative humidity of 30 up to 90%. The overall tolerable exposure to heat is limited by sweat production of 2154 m l . m -2 and by net energy output of 7-54 MJ. Shortterm tolerable exposure is limited by a quantity of heat accumulated in the body equal to 128 k J . m -2. Correction coefficients have been calculated for men over the age of 30, for women of different age groups, as well as for different lengths of working shift time.
10.4.39 (77198~ Tasto, D.L. e t a~ Health consequences of shift work. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, Publication No DHEW (NtOSH) 78-t54, Mar 1978, 137 pp This 30-month study, conducted by SRI International and sponsored by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, investigated the effect of working unconventional hours, ie, afternoon, night, and rotating shifts, on the psychological and physiological well-being of workers. Data for a sample of about 1200 nurses and a similar number of food processors were collected b y review of health and accident files and from the administration of a lengthy questionnaire. Areas of inquiry included: basic subject demography (eg, age, sex~ race, marital status, and length of employment), incidence and prevalence of physical complaints and illness histories; eating patterns; sleep patterns: medication usage; life style and domestic patterns: and psychological profiles. The results of extensive computer analyses o f the health and accident records and the questionnaire data are reported in separate sections of this report. Findings confirm studies of European shift workers that demonstrate a