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Effects of post-abortion family planning services on preventing unintended pregnancy and repeat abortion (INPAC): a cluster randomised controlled trial in 30 Chinese provinces
Poster Abstracts
Effects of post-abortion family planning services on preventing unintended pregnancy and repeat abortion (INPAC): a cluster randomised controlled trial in 30 Chinese provinces Wei-Hong Zhang, Jiong Li, Yan Che, Shangchun Wu, Xu Qian, Xiaojing Dong, Jialin Xu, Lina Hu, Rachel Tolhurst, Marleen Temmerman, for the Integrating post-abortion family planning services into existing abortion services in hospital settings in China (INPAC) group*
Abstract
Background Around 10 million induced abortions are conducted annually in China; a third of the women having had those abortions have undergone repeat abortions. Most abortions are performed in hospital settings in which post-abortion family planning (PAFP) services are often lacking. This study aims to evaluate the effects of integrating PAFP services into abortion services on the reduction of unintended pregnancy and repeat abortion in China. Methods This was a three-arm cluster (hospital) randomised controlled trial. Study participants were women undergoing an abortion within 12 weeks of pregnancy. 90 hospitals were selected from 30 Chinese provinces and allocated randomly (1:1) into two intervention groups or one control group. Intervention group 1 included provision of family planning information, contraceptive counselling, involvement of the male partner, and free provision of contraception; intervention group 2 included incentive mechanisms for health-care providers in addition to group 1; and the control group received normal care, with no intervention. Eligible women were followed up for 6 months. The primary outcomes were the rates of unintended pregnancies and repeat induced abortions. We used a three-level random intercept model to estimate the effects of intervention using a generalised linear mixed model, and we used SAS PROC GLIMMIX with maximum likelihood with Laplace approximation to perform this multilevel modelling approach. This study received ethical approval from the Ethical Committees at Ghent University, Belgium, on May 26, 2014 (B670201421116), and from the National Research Institute for Family Planning, China, on March 6, 2014. All participants provided a Chinese written informed consent. This trial has been registered at International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN01846583. Findings We recruited 17 235 eligible women from July 11, 2014, to Aug 20, 2015. The intervention 1 group included 5856 women, intervention 2 group included 5791 women, and the control group included 5588 women. The proportion of patients who were followed up for up to 6 months were similar in the three groups (74·7% [4372 of 5856] in intervention group 1, 77·1% [4466 of 5791] in intervention group 2, and 75·7% [4231 of 5588] in the control group). The proportion of patients with unintended pregnancy within 6 months after abortion was lower in both intervention groups (1·2% [59 of 5011] in group 1 and 1·2% [58 of 4986] in group 2) than in the control group (3·2% [155 of 4817]). The proportion of patients who had a repeat abortion was 0·9% (45 of 5011) for the intervention group 1, 0·8% (41 of 4986) for the intervention group 2, and 1·6% (77 of 4817) for the control group (ie, 16–38% lower in the interventions group than that in the control group). Statistical analysis is ongoing. Interpretation Integrating post-abortion family planning services into hospital-based abortion services could decrease unintended pregnancy and repeat abortions. A policy and guidelines on integration of PAFP into routine abortion services is urgently needed to reduce the number of abortions. Funding European Commission FP7 (282490). Contributors W-HZ designed the study, participated in development of questionnaire, implementation and monitoring plan, site monitoring, and data quality control, interpreted the data, and drafted and finalised the Abstract. JL contributed to intervention design, development of questionnaire, implementation and monitoring plan, data quality control, and Abstract drafting. YC, SW, XQ, XD, JX, and LH contributed to intervention design, development of questionnaire, implementation and monitoring plan, site monitoring, data quality control, and Abstract drafting. RT contributed to the questionnaire and intervention design and Abstract drafting. MT contributed to study design and Abstract drafting. All authors commented the papers. The INPAC group Marleen Temmerman and Wei-Hong Zhang (International Centre of Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium); Jian Li, Junli Liu, Chengliang Xiong, Qinglong Meng, Yan Che, Weili Zhao, and Huiping Zhang (Chinese Society of Family Planning - Chinese Medical Association, Beijing, China); Xu Qian, Ji Liang, and Jiang Hong (Fudan University, Shanghai, China); Shangchun Wu (National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China); Lina Hu, Xiaojing Dong, and Yi Jiang, Shuaibin Liu, and Xiaoling Gan (Chongqing University, Chongqing, China); Jørn Olsen and Jiong Li (Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Aarhus , Aarhus, Denmark); and Rachel Tolhurst, Dusabe-Richards Esther, and Liu Zhihong (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK).
Published Online December 11, 2017 *Members listed at the end of the Abstract. International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (Prof W-H Zhang PhD, Prof M Temmerman PhD); Research Laboratory for Human Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (W-H Zhang); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (J Li, PhD); Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China (Y Che PhD); Chinese Society of Family Planning - Chinese Medical Association, Beijing, China (Y Che PhD); National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China (S Wu MPH); School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Prof X Qian PhD); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Prof X Dong PhD, Prof L Hu PhD); Chengde Nursing Vocational College, Chengde, China (J Xu MPH); and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK (R Tolhurst PhD) Correspondence to: Prof Wei-Hong Zhang, International Centre for Reproductive Health, WHO Collaborating Centre, Ghent University, ICRH – UZ campus,9000 Ghent, Belgium [email protected]
Declaration of interests: We declare no competing interests.
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Effects of post-abortion family planning services on preventing unintended pregnancy and repeat abortion (INPAC): a cluster randomised controlled trial in 30 Chinese provinces Wei-Hong Zhang, Jiong Li, Yan Che, Shangchun Wu, Xu Qian, Xiaojing Dong, Jialin Xu, Lina Hu, Rachel Tolhurst, Marleen Temmerman, for the Integrating post-abortion family planning services into existing abortion services in hospital settings in China (INPAC) group*
Abstract
Background Around 10 million induced abortions are conducted annually in China; a third of the women having had those abortions have undergone repeat abortions. Most abortions are performed in hospital settings in which post-abortion family planning (PAFP) services are often lacking. This study aims to evaluate the effects of integrating PAFP services into abortion services on the reduction of unintended pregnancy and repeat abortion in China. Methods This was a three-arm cluster (hospital) randomised controlled trial. Study participants were women undergoing an abortion within 12 weeks of pregnancy. 90 hospitals were selected from 30 Chinese provinces and allocated randomly (1:1) into two intervention groups or one control group. Intervention group 1 included provision of family planning information, contraceptive counselling, involvement of the male partner, and free provision of contraception; intervention group 2 included incentive mechanisms for health-care providers in addition to group 1; and the control group received normal care, with no intervention. Eligible women were followed up for 6 months. The primary outcomes were the rates of unintended pregnancies and repeat induced abortions. We used a three-level random intercept model to estimate the effects of intervention using a generalised linear mixed model, and we used SAS PROC GLIMMIX with maximum likelihood with Laplace approximation to perform this multilevel modelling approach. This study received ethical approval from the Ethical Committees at Ghent University, Belgium, on May 26, 2014 (B670201421116), and from the National Research Institute for Family Planning, China, on March 6, 2014. All participants provided a Chinese written informed consent. This trial has been registered at International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN01846583. Findings We recruited 17 235 eligible women from July 11, 2014, to Aug 20, 2015. The intervention 1 group included 5856 women, intervention 2 group included 5791 women, and the control group included 5588 women. The proportion of patients who were followed up for up to 6 months were similar in the three groups (74·7% [4372 of 5856] in intervention group 1, 77·1% [4466 of 5791] in intervention group 2, and 75·7% [4231 of 5588] in the control group). The proportion of patients with unintended pregnancy within 6 months after abortion was lower in both intervention groups (1·2% [59 of 5011] in group 1 and 1·2% [58 of 4986] in group 2) than in the control group (3·2% [155 of 4817]). The proportion of patients who had a repeat abortion was 0·9% (45 of 5011) for the intervention group 1, 0·8% (41 of 4986) for the intervention group 2, and 1·6% (77 of 4817) for the control group (ie, 16–38% lower in the interventions group than that in the control group). Statistical analysis is ongoing. Interpretation Integrating post-abortion family planning services into hospital-based abortion services could decrease unintended pregnancy and repeat abortions. A policy and guidelines on integration of PAFP into routine abortion services is urgently needed to reduce the number of abortions. Funding European Commission FP7 (282490). Contributors W-HZ designed the study, participated in development of questionnaire, implementation and monitoring plan, site monitoring, and data quality control, interpreted the data, and drafted and finalised the Abstract. JL contributed to intervention design, development of questionnaire, implementation and monitoring plan, data quality control, and Abstract drafting. YC, SW, XQ, XD, JX, and LH contributed to intervention design, development of questionnaire, implementation and monitoring plan, site monitoring, data quality control, and Abstract drafting. RT contributed to the questionnaire and intervention design and Abstract drafting. MT contributed to study design and Abstract drafting. All authors commented the papers. The INPAC group Marleen Temmerman and Wei-Hong Zhang (International Centre of Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium); Jian Li, Junli Liu, Chengliang Xiong, Qinglong Meng, Yan Che, Weili Zhao, and Huiping Zhang (Chinese Society of Family Planning - Chinese Medical Association, Beijing, China); Xu Qian, Ji Liang, and Jiang Hong (Fudan University, Shanghai, China); Shangchun Wu (National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China); Lina Hu, Xiaojing Dong, and Yi Jiang, Shuaibin Liu, and Xiaoling Gan (Chongqing University, Chongqing, China); Jørn Olsen and Jiong Li (Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Aarhus , Aarhus, Denmark); and Rachel Tolhurst, Dusabe-Richards Esther, and Liu Zhihong (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK).
Published Online December 11, 2017 *Members listed at the end of the Abstract. International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (Prof W-H Zhang PhD, Prof M Temmerman PhD); Research Laboratory for Human Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (W-H Zhang); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (J Li, PhD); Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China (Y Che PhD); Chinese Society of Family Planning - Chinese Medical Association, Beijing, China (Y Che PhD); National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China (S Wu MPH); School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Prof X Qian PhD); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Prof X Dong PhD, Prof L Hu PhD); Chengde Nursing Vocational College, Chengde, China (J Xu MPH); and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK (R Tolhurst PhD) Correspondence to: Prof Wei-Hong Zhang, International Centre for Reproductive Health, WHO Collaborating Centre, Ghent University, ICRH – UZ campus,9000 Ghent, Belgium [email protected]
Declaration of interests: We declare no competing interests.
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29