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Effects of Short-Term Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Markers of Inflammation after Eccentric Strength Exercise
MONDAY, OCTOBER 20
Poster Session: Food/Nutrition Science; Education; Management; Food Services/Culinary; Research Assessment of Red Blood Cell Membrane Fatty Acid Composition in Relation to Dietary Intake in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization
Effects of Short-Term Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Markers of Inflammation after Eccentric Strength Exercise
Author(s): N. Litwin1, W. Clark1, B. Singh2, K. Sivagnanam2; 1Allied Health Sciences, East Tennessee State Univ., Johnson City, TN, 2Internal Medicine, Quillen Coll. of Med., East Tennessee State Univ., Johnson City, TN
Author(s): K.E. Corder, K.R. Newsham, J.L. McDaniel, S.L. Caciano, U.R. Ezekiel, C.R. Sisler, E.P. Weiss; Nutrition and Dietetics, Saint Louis Univ., St. Louis, MO
Learning Outcome: Participants will acknowledge the potential promise of red blood cell membrane fatty acid composition as a predictive tool in the clinical setting. Participants will recognize that this biomarker reflects both fatty acid composition and cellular composition.
Learning Outcome: After the presentation participants will be able to list the three anti-inflammatory benefits of omega 3 fatty acids after eccentric exercise. Omega-3 fatty acids (N-3) have anti-inflammatory effects in certain diseases. Less is known about the role of N-3 on the inflammatory response to exercise.
The large lipid center and exceedingly high cholesterol content of red blood cell (RBC) membranes have been shown to mediate plaque development seen in coronary artery disease (CAD). The RBC membrane contains fatty acids (FA) indicative of lipids consumed over the past 90-120 days or lifespan of the RBC. This study determined whether RBC membrane FA composition, oxidative stress, and omega-3 FA intake are correlated with CAD risk in individuals who have undergone cardiac catheterization. A total of 29 individuals without findings of CAD and 9 individuals with findings of obstructive CAD were included in the analyses. Fatty acids (FA) were extracted from RBC membranes via BF3 methylation procedure and were analyzed by gas chromatography. Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay was used to determine oxidative stress. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were used to correlate RBC omega-3 FA composition with daily intake of omega-3 FA. No correlation was found between RBC content and intake of omega-3 FA. FRAP values and RBC FA composition were not associated with obstructive CAD, with exception of the saturated FA, palmitic acid (p¼0.018) and a marginally non-significant effect of average omega-6 FA content (p¼0.079). These results suggest that RBC FA composition differs between individuals with or at risk for CAD, demonstrating a plausible relationship between this biomarker and CAD status. Studies of larger size are needed to validate the clinical use of this biomarker to identify individuals who may benefit from early dietary intervention to modify RBC FA profiles for CAD prevention.
Results: Soreness ratings and arm circumference increased and active and passive elbow extension decreased from baseline to 48h after exercise. The magnitude of increase in soreness was attenuated by DHA supplementation (VAS ratings: DHA group, +4.30.4; placebo group, +5.60.5; p¼0.04). Furthermore, the number of subjects who could achieve full active elbow extension 48h after eccentric exercise was greater in the DHA group (71% vs. 15%, p¼0.006). Changes in passive elbow extension did not differ between groups (p¼0.78). Likewise, there was no difference in the magnitude of swelling between groups (p¼0.75). Salivary CRP levels did not increase in either group. Results of present study suggest DHA supplementation has a modest effect to reduce muscle soreness and stiffness after eccentric exercise.
Funding Disclosure: ETSU School of Graduate Studies Student Research Grant
Funding Disclosure: DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Dobbin, MD
Female Middle Schools Students Living in Eastern North Carolina Have Higher Nutrition Knowledge Compared to Males
Increasing Acceptance and Consumption of Pulses by School-Aged Children: A Pilot Investigation
Author(s): C. Hodges, A. Roseno, M.W. Duffrin, V. Carraway-Stage; Nutrition Science, East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC
Author(s): T.L. Burgess-Champoux1, R.A. Rosen2, A. Ball2, L. Marquart2, M. Reicks2; 1Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, St. Catherine Univ., St. Paul, MN, 2Food Science and Nutrition, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
Learning Outcome: As a result of this poster, learners will be have an improved understanding of NC-based 8th grade students nutrition knowledge. The classroom is an ideal environment for interventions aimed at improving knowledge and skills-sets needed to encourage adolescents to make healthy lifestyle choices; however, the provision of nutrition education in the school setting has been a challenge. This purpose of this study was to determine the nutrition knowledge (NK) of eighth-grade students attending public schools in eastern North Carolina (NC). A secondary aim was to explore NK gender differences. Researchers recruited students (n¼265, 45% male) from 176 eighth-grade classrooms to participate. A 22-item researcher-developed NK survey was administered to students at the beginning of the 2013-2014 academic year. The questionnaire addressed three content standards within NC’s Healthy Living Standards (HLS) (i.e. using tools to analyze dietary patterns (e.g. MyPlate); creating strategies to improve dietary intake; creating plans for lifelong health) for middle school students. Data were analyzed using basic descriptives and independent t-tests. The average NK score among all students was 10.5 (58% correct). Researchers observed a significance difference between males (m¼9.98, SD¼3.35) and females (m¼11.02, SD¼3.12) for the total NK score (t ¼ -2.59, p¼.01), and within the HLS “using tools to analyze dietary patterns” content area (t ¼ -2.68, p¼.01). Past research findings affirm that females tend to have higher NK; however, results from the current study indicated greater knowledge among females was concentrated within the area of using tools to improve diet. Future research should re-examine NK among the same students at the end of academic year to determine if knowledge improves and if gender differences persist. Funding Disclosure: National Institutes of Health SEPA
Purpose: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was used to evaluate the hypothesis that 7d of N-3 supplementation reduces markers of muscle inflammation, as measured 48h after eccentric strength exercise. Methods: Healthy women (20-60y) performed eccentric biceps curls after 3wks dietary N-3 restriction and 7d of 3000 mg/d supplementation with the N-3 docosahexanoic acid (DHA) or placebo. Before and 48h after eccentric exercise inflammatory markers were measured, including visual analog scale (VAS) ratings of muscle soreness, swelling (arm circumference), muscle stiffness (active and passive elbow extension) and salivary C-reactive protein as a systemic inflammation marker.
Learning Outcome: The participant will have greater knowledge of the new school meal regulations, specifically with regards to vegetables including legumes, and potential challenges with implementation. According to national dietary intake data, most U.S. school-aged children (98.4-99.6%) are not meeting the minimum recommended intake of legumes. The new school nutrition standards require that menus include vegetables daily at lunch and that legumes be offered a minimum of 1/2 cup per week. Currently, schools are meeting this requirement by serving legumes mainly as a side dish, however anecdotal reports from school food service professionals indicate that few children take the items (10% to 35%) and limited legumebased recipes are utilized. The aim of the proposed project was to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating a variety of legumes (pulses) into school meals to increase acceptance and consumption by school-aged children. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved a series of focus groups and taste tests with children to identify barriers to acceptance and consumption of pulses. The second phase involved a school-based intervention (grades K-6) with four elementary schools with each school serving as their own control. With the assistance of a chef, four pulse dishes were developed and served using covert and overt strategies over a five-month period. Plate waste methods assessed changes in the selection of pulses taken and consumed by children. Findings to date suggest that children selected the baseline and intervention dishes with similar frequency; however, compared to baseline, intake declined with the intervention dishes containing pulses. Further testing of innovative recipes containing pulses combined with nutrition education is needed to impact pulse acceptance and consumption by school-aged children. Funding Disclosure: American Pulse Association
September 2014 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 114 Number 9
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
A-63
Poster Session: Food/Nutrition Science; Education; Management; Food Services/Culinary; Research Assessment of Red Blood Cell Membrane Fatty Acid Composition in Relation to Dietary Intake in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization
Effects of Short-Term Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Markers of Inflammation after Eccentric Strength Exercise
Author(s): N. Litwin1, W. Clark1, B. Singh2, K. Sivagnanam2; 1Allied Health Sciences, East Tennessee State Univ., Johnson City, TN, 2Internal Medicine, Quillen Coll. of Med., East Tennessee State Univ., Johnson City, TN
Author(s): K.E. Corder, K.R. Newsham, J.L. McDaniel, S.L. Caciano, U.R. Ezekiel, C.R. Sisler, E.P. Weiss; Nutrition and Dietetics, Saint Louis Univ., St. Louis, MO
Learning Outcome: Participants will acknowledge the potential promise of red blood cell membrane fatty acid composition as a predictive tool in the clinical setting. Participants will recognize that this biomarker reflects both fatty acid composition and cellular composition.
Learning Outcome: After the presentation participants will be able to list the three anti-inflammatory benefits of omega 3 fatty acids after eccentric exercise. Omega-3 fatty acids (N-3) have anti-inflammatory effects in certain diseases. Less is known about the role of N-3 on the inflammatory response to exercise.
The large lipid center and exceedingly high cholesterol content of red blood cell (RBC) membranes have been shown to mediate plaque development seen in coronary artery disease (CAD). The RBC membrane contains fatty acids (FA) indicative of lipids consumed over the past 90-120 days or lifespan of the RBC. This study determined whether RBC membrane FA composition, oxidative stress, and omega-3 FA intake are correlated with CAD risk in individuals who have undergone cardiac catheterization. A total of 29 individuals without findings of CAD and 9 individuals with findings of obstructive CAD were included in the analyses. Fatty acids (FA) were extracted from RBC membranes via BF3 methylation procedure and were analyzed by gas chromatography. Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay was used to determine oxidative stress. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were used to correlate RBC omega-3 FA composition with daily intake of omega-3 FA. No correlation was found between RBC content and intake of omega-3 FA. FRAP values and RBC FA composition were not associated with obstructive CAD, with exception of the saturated FA, palmitic acid (p¼0.018) and a marginally non-significant effect of average omega-6 FA content (p¼0.079). These results suggest that RBC FA composition differs between individuals with or at risk for CAD, demonstrating a plausible relationship between this biomarker and CAD status. Studies of larger size are needed to validate the clinical use of this biomarker to identify individuals who may benefit from early dietary intervention to modify RBC FA profiles for CAD prevention.
Results: Soreness ratings and arm circumference increased and active and passive elbow extension decreased from baseline to 48h after exercise. The magnitude of increase in soreness was attenuated by DHA supplementation (VAS ratings: DHA group, +4.30.4; placebo group, +5.60.5; p¼0.04). Furthermore, the number of subjects who could achieve full active elbow extension 48h after eccentric exercise was greater in the DHA group (71% vs. 15%, p¼0.006). Changes in passive elbow extension did not differ between groups (p¼0.78). Likewise, there was no difference in the magnitude of swelling between groups (p¼0.75). Salivary CRP levels did not increase in either group. Results of present study suggest DHA supplementation has a modest effect to reduce muscle soreness and stiffness after eccentric exercise.
Funding Disclosure: ETSU School of Graduate Studies Student Research Grant
Funding Disclosure: DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Dobbin, MD
Female Middle Schools Students Living in Eastern North Carolina Have Higher Nutrition Knowledge Compared to Males
Increasing Acceptance and Consumption of Pulses by School-Aged Children: A Pilot Investigation
Author(s): C. Hodges, A. Roseno, M.W. Duffrin, V. Carraway-Stage; Nutrition Science, East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC
Author(s): T.L. Burgess-Champoux1, R.A. Rosen2, A. Ball2, L. Marquart2, M. Reicks2; 1Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, St. Catherine Univ., St. Paul, MN, 2Food Science and Nutrition, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
Learning Outcome: As a result of this poster, learners will be have an improved understanding of NC-based 8th grade students nutrition knowledge. The classroom is an ideal environment for interventions aimed at improving knowledge and skills-sets needed to encourage adolescents to make healthy lifestyle choices; however, the provision of nutrition education in the school setting has been a challenge. This purpose of this study was to determine the nutrition knowledge (NK) of eighth-grade students attending public schools in eastern North Carolina (NC). A secondary aim was to explore NK gender differences. Researchers recruited students (n¼265, 45% male) from 176 eighth-grade classrooms to participate. A 22-item researcher-developed NK survey was administered to students at the beginning of the 2013-2014 academic year. The questionnaire addressed three content standards within NC’s Healthy Living Standards (HLS) (i.e. using tools to analyze dietary patterns (e.g. MyPlate); creating strategies to improve dietary intake; creating plans for lifelong health) for middle school students. Data were analyzed using basic descriptives and independent t-tests. The average NK score among all students was 10.5 (58% correct). Researchers observed a significance difference between males (m¼9.98, SD¼3.35) and females (m¼11.02, SD¼3.12) for the total NK score (t ¼ -2.59, p¼.01), and within the HLS “using tools to analyze dietary patterns” content area (t ¼ -2.68, p¼.01). Past research findings affirm that females tend to have higher NK; however, results from the current study indicated greater knowledge among females was concentrated within the area of using tools to improve diet. Future research should re-examine NK among the same students at the end of academic year to determine if knowledge improves and if gender differences persist. Funding Disclosure: National Institutes of Health SEPA
Purpose: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was used to evaluate the hypothesis that 7d of N-3 supplementation reduces markers of muscle inflammation, as measured 48h after eccentric strength exercise. Methods: Healthy women (20-60y) performed eccentric biceps curls after 3wks dietary N-3 restriction and 7d of 3000 mg/d supplementation with the N-3 docosahexanoic acid (DHA) or placebo. Before and 48h after eccentric exercise inflammatory markers were measured, including visual analog scale (VAS) ratings of muscle soreness, swelling (arm circumference), muscle stiffness (active and passive elbow extension) and salivary C-reactive protein as a systemic inflammation marker.
Learning Outcome: The participant will have greater knowledge of the new school meal regulations, specifically with regards to vegetables including legumes, and potential challenges with implementation. According to national dietary intake data, most U.S. school-aged children (98.4-99.6%) are not meeting the minimum recommended intake of legumes. The new school nutrition standards require that menus include vegetables daily at lunch and that legumes be offered a minimum of 1/2 cup per week. Currently, schools are meeting this requirement by serving legumes mainly as a side dish, however anecdotal reports from school food service professionals indicate that few children take the items (10% to 35%) and limited legumebased recipes are utilized. The aim of the proposed project was to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating a variety of legumes (pulses) into school meals to increase acceptance and consumption by school-aged children. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved a series of focus groups and taste tests with children to identify barriers to acceptance and consumption of pulses. The second phase involved a school-based intervention (grades K-6) with four elementary schools with each school serving as their own control. With the assistance of a chef, four pulse dishes were developed and served using covert and overt strategies over a five-month period. Plate waste methods assessed changes in the selection of pulses taken and consumed by children. Findings to date suggest that children selected the baseline and intervention dishes with similar frequency; however, compared to baseline, intake declined with the intervention dishes containing pulses. Further testing of innovative recipes containing pulses combined with nutrition education is needed to impact pulse acceptance and consumption by school-aged children. Funding Disclosure: American Pulse Association
September 2014 Suppl 2—Abstracts Volume 114 Number 9
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
A-63