Effects of Spin-Isospin-Interactions on Nuclear Collective Motion

Nuclear Physics A 788 (2007) 3c–11c


     "! #$ %& ')(+*&",%-#!/.0,,1-2 13465) % 798 : 8 ;<8>=@?+ACBEDF?G: 8IHKJMLNPO+QSRT;-QSUIVWUYX-Z[8 \ N]8>XG^`_a8>QbD@?G: cMdCePcfH HT_gcfhG8>=FB@Z0cXBKU ikj&;2l"D@QSRDfNmWXGQonYc=@D@QoBplqU>i7U>:l>UGN VWUYX-rYUGNwx uzy>yYxYx-N-{Y8>h<8>X J|tcXB@cf=Ki}UY=K~W?-RfScf8>=€"B@?G^-lYNPmXGQbn>cf=@DFQbBplqU i97UY:2lYUGN VWUYX-rYUGNwx uzy>yYxYx-N-{Y8>h<8>X Lƒ‚„z…M† ~N‡VWQb=@UYD@8‰ˆ8-NGŠ‹8>: U upDF;GQN]€8>QbBE8>Z[8ŒxYwuzywŽY-N-{Y8>h<8>X \ |tcXB@cf=Ki}UY=O8 B@;GcfZ08 B@QSR‰8 4€RQScfX-RfcfDNPmWXGQonYcf=FD@QoBpl/U>i9dWQS‘?NG7’D@?-=@?Gr28N „ ::QouvZ[8 RT;GQN dCQb‘f?uŠ“8>: 8>Z08 B@D@?N-”]?-:"?-D@;GQbZ[8'ŽY•2uz2>>y-NG{Y8 h<8>X 7’;-cc–cfR—BED U iCBE;-c+BEcXGD@U>=0i}UY=FRfc>N˜BE;Gc+Z0UYDƒBIhG=@UYZIQSX-cfX2B[DFhGQSX"upQSDFUYD@h-QSX™QSX2BEc=E8>R—BEQSU>XN˜ˆKQbS’ePc ^GQSDFRf?GDFD@c^/i}=FUYZšBE;Gcgn"QbcˆKhPUYQSX2BED˜U>iBE;GcCD@hG;Gc=@QbR‰8>D@QSX-rYScuph<8>=ƒBEQbRfScKcXGcf=FrYQScD’8>XG^ B@;GcgRfU>=@=@c›8 B@QSUYX ec—lYUYX-^œD@QSX-rYScuph<8>=ƒBEQbRfSc'ZIU>BEQbUYXGD+7’;Gc i}U>=@ZIcf=žhUYQbX2BˆKQSbec DƒBT8>=ƒBEc^“ˆKQbBE;‹e<8>D@QbR[hG=FUYhPcf=FB@QScD U>iBE;Gc/BEcXGD@UY='i}UY=FRfc>Nt8>XG^Ÿ8 X-cˆ¡ZIc‰8>X"uv¢Sc—uvh<8>=ƒBEQSRSc¤h-=@UYhPcf=ƒBEQScDfNQSXGRS?G^GQbXGr¦¥1DF?Geuƒ§zZ[8 rYQSR'r28>h-D8>X-^‹D@h-QSXuvUY=@eGQoBMD@hGbQbBFBEQSX-rYDfN8>=Fc n 8>=@Qbcf^`=E8 B@;Gcf=DFB@=@UYXGr>bl/e2l/BE;GcMBEcXGD@UY=i}UY=@Rc>’7’;Gcc–cfR—BEDg8 =@cžXGU>Bˆtcf8>:>c=CBE;<8 X+BE;-cc—–$cRBEDWU>i BE;Gcž^GQo–$?GDFcDF?G=Fi18>Rc^G?-cBEU0XGcf?BE=@U>X¨D@:QSX$dWXc©G8 Z0hGbcQbDWh-=@cfDFcfX2BEc^ªi}UY=B@;GcžD@U uvR‰8>bScf^`QSDF›8>X-^ U>iWQSX2nYc=@D@QbUYXN«i}UY=ŒˆK;GQSRT;£BE;Gc`ePUY?GXG^<8 =FlœQbDIePcfQbXGr6Z0U"^GQo¢X2B@blY£7’;Gc`›8 B@BEc=ŒhU>QSX2B‰N RfUY=F=@c›8 B@QSUYXGD’ePcl>UYXG^¨DFQSXGr>Sc—uvh<8>=ƒBEQSRScgZIU>B@QSUYXN-Sc‰8 ^GDW?-DWBEU080DFhcRfQS8>QSZIhUY=ƒBT8>X-RfcaU>iBE;Gc¬¨­M® X?GRfbcfQ4D@?-RT;¨8>D’¯p°~Q ±<²0³´µ¶·4¸¹º>µ»1·P´ 7’;-cIDFhGQSX"upQSDFUYD@h-QSX6QSX2BEc=E8>R—BEQbUYXª;<8>Dž8qD@hPcfRQ›8>&QbZ0hPUY=FBE8>XGRci}UY=gBE;-c[|’AMO †k¼ RfU>X-i}cf=FcfXGRcfD¤8 D ˆtcS8>DgB@;GcfQb=MhG=@cRfcf^-QSXGr`RfUYXi}cf=@cXGRfcDfN›8>=FrYcfolePcfRf8>?GD@cIBE;GQbDaQSX2BEc=E8>R—BEQbUYX6QSDaRfbUYD@cblRfUYXGX-cfRB@cf^ BEUD@hGQbXupQbD@UYDFhGQSX0c—©RfQoBT8 B@QSUYXGDNQbXGRfb?G^GQbXGržB@;Gca½M8>ZIUnuv7cSbcf=W¥½a7§«=FcfD@U>X<8>XGRcfDf ‚ cfRcfX2BEolYNGQoBt;<8 D eccfX“=Fc‰8>bQS‘cf^‹B@;<8 BB@;Gc[DFhGQSX"upQSDFUYD@h-QSX‹QbX2BEcf=@8>RB@QSUYX$N9cfDFhcRfQS8>Sol B@;Gc0B@cfXGDFUY=¤QbXB@cf=@8>RB@QSUYXNQSD8>SDFU U>ihG8>=FB@QSRf?-›8>=«8>XG^0^GQS=FcfR—BtQbZ0hPUY=FBE8>XGRcKB@UDFQSXGrYbc—uvh<8>=FB@QSRSc’hG=FUYhc=FB@QScfDNU>=˜ZIc‰8>X"uv¢ic—©U>B@QSRŒX?GRScfQ%ž¾Qb:>c¤U BE;Gc=aZ[8>X2l2upePU"^-l`¿"?G8>X2BT8>kDƒl"DFBEcZ0DNc>ÀrGbN4cScRBE=FUYXGDgQbXª;2l^-=@UYrYcXupbQS: c 8 BEU>Z0DNBE;-cŒZ0cf8>Xª¢i«X?GRfbcfQKÁÂwfÃ%7’;GcŒ^-ci}UY=FZ[8 B@QSUYX$N$D@h-QSXuvQSD@U>D@hGQbX c—©RfQoBT8 B@QSUYX$N8>XG^™cnYcXŸc©QSDFB@cfXGRc+U iCX?GRScfQ’^-cfhPcfXG^™UYX£D@QbXGrYScuph<8 =FBEQbRfbc[hG=FUYhc=FB@QScfD ‚ cfRfcX2BEbl QbB;<8>DeccfXœD@;-UˆKXœB@;<8 BB@;Gc[B@cfXGDFUY=i}UY=FRfc[;G8>DŒ8DFhcRfQb¢GR>N&=@U>eG?GDFB¤8>XG^œDƒlDƒBEcZ[8 B@QSR0c–cfRB¤UYX BE;Gc0D@QbXGrYScuph<8 =FBEQbRfbc¤cfXGc=@rYQbcfD¤U i’X?GRfbcfQNcn>cfXœeG=Fc‰8>:QSX-r¨UY=žRf=@cf8 BEQbXGrZ08>rYQbR'X"?-Z¤ec=@DQSX‹DFUYZIc R‰8>DFcfDIÁÀÄ Ã%žŠ¦cŒD@;<8 S9Un>cf=Fn"QbcˆÅB@;GcŒhG=FcfD@cX2BDFQbB@?<8 BEQbUYX¨U>iB@;GQSDgDF?Ge"ÆFcRB‰N8>X-^68>SDFUqD@;<8>b9c©-h-SUY=Fc hc=@DFhcRBEQonYcDf 0375-9474/$ – see front matter © 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.01.097

4c

T. Otsuka et al. / Nuclear Physics A 788 (2007) 3c–11c

 ²  ´ f ·] ¶  ·P¶ º < ´ ¸  »1·P´ 

7’;GcX?GRScf8>=We-QSXG^GQbXGr'QSDKe<8>DFQSRf8>Sol ^G?GcMBEU'BE;-cc©-RT;G8>XGrYcU>ikZIcfDFUYXGDf † nYcfX+ˆKQbBE ; M |_¤NGBE;GQbD Gh QbRB@?G=@cI=@cZ[8>QbXGDM?GXGRT;<8 XGrYcf^$/Š ;-QSScŒB@;G c M |_ Z08‰l6rYQbn>c0?-DZIUY=@c'X<8 BE?G=@8>c—©hG›8 X<8 BEQbUYXGDMU>i DF;GUY=FBƒup^GQbDFBE8>XGRfc[ec;<8‰nQbUY?G=FDfNki}UY=8SU>XGrYcf=ž^GQbDFBT8 XGRfc ePcBpˆ˜cfcX£X"?-RfScUYXGDNkBE;Gc ZIcfDFUYX“c©-RT;G8>XGrYc hGQbRB@?G=@cMQSD’DƒBEQbSn 8>bQS^N-8>XG^`QbB@D’e<8>D@QbD’Z[8‰lqePcMrYQbn>cfX/e2l+|t;GQS=@8>4jcf=FB@?G=@eG8 BEQbUYX/QS^Gcf8'U i M |_ !Á >Ã% "«?G: 8ˆt8'hG=@c^GQSR—BEcf ^ ># y¤lYcf8>=@D8>r>U'B@;<8 B’B@;GcMeGQSXG^-QSXGrŒU>i8 B@UYZIQSRgX?GRScfQ4QbD’^G?GcgB@UIc©RT;<8>XGrYcžU>i ZIcfDFUYXGD'Á x Ã%gŠ‹cXGUˆÅ:XGUˆ BE;<8 BCBE;-c¤X?GRfbc‰8>=ge-QSXG^GQbXGr[RUYZIcfDgQbXG^Gcfc^ªZ0U>DFBEolqi}=@UYZ c©-RT;G8>XGrYc U>i˜ZIUY=@cžBE;<8>X6UYX-cŒZ0cD@UYXž7’;GQbDaD@QbB@?<8 B@QSUYX+R‰8>X6ePcŒD@cfcX¦QbXBE;-cŒQSZIhUY=ƒBT8>X-RfcU i«B@;G% c £ $ Z0cD@UYX$N ˆK;GQbRT;£QSDX-U>BE;GQbXGre-?-B'8h<8 QS=U iKhGQSUYX-DRfU>?GhGSc^“BEU¨DFhGQSX£yªstcfDFQS^GcDBE;-c c–cfR—BEDŒU>iKZ¤?-bBEQbhGSc ZIcfDFUYXŸc©RT;<8>XGrYcDfNtB@;Gcf=Fc/D@;GUY?-S^£ecqB@;Gcqc–cfR—B[U>iDFQSXGrYbcqhGQSU>Xœc—©RT;<8>XGr>c> „ B'QSD¤ˆ˜cfS up:XGUˆKX B@;<8 BBE;Gcž^GUYZIQSX<8 XBKc—–$cRBCU>i9B@;GcDFQSXGr>Sc—uvhGQSU>Xqc—©RT;<8>XGr>c¤QSDKXGU>B@;GQSX-r0eG?BB@;GcMBEcfX-D@UY=i}UY=@Rc>tŠ¦c ;<8‰n>chG=FcfD@cX2BEcf^™ÁÀÄ ÃBE;G8 BW8IDƒlDƒBEcZ[8 B@QSR8>XG^+D@QSr>XGQb¢X2Bc–cfRBWQSDKhG=FU^-?GRfc^i}=@UYZ BE;GcžUYXGcuphGQbUYX c©-RT;G8>XGrYc¨U>X D@QbXGrYScuph<8 =FBEQbRfbc cfXGc=@rYQbcfDIˆKQbBE;ŸZ[8 Xl£c©-8>Z0h-ScfDIUnYc=[BE;Gc`X?GRfbc‰8>=0RT;<8>=ƒB‰ 7’;Gc c—–$cRBWR‰8>X`ecMc©-h-›8>QbXG^qQSX`8ŒnYcf=ƒl/D@QbZ0hGbca8>XG^/QbXB@?GQbB@Qbn>cgˆ8‰lY 100

GT2 π π+ρ AV8’

VTE [MeV]

50 0 -50 -100 -150 0

1

2

3

r [fm]

”9QbrY?G=FcŒwY&7=FQShGbcBƒu † nYcX+hPU>BEcX2BEQ›8 U>iBE;GcaBEcXGD@U>=Ki}U>=@Rfcai}UY=n 8>=FQSUY?-D’hU>B@cfX2BEQS8>ZIU^-cfSD Š‹c¤;-cf=@cc—©hG›8 QSX+B@;<8 BgB@;GcD@8>ZIcBEcXGD@UY=Wi}UY=@RcR‰8 Xªecc—©hG=@cD@DFcf^‹QbX+Bpˆ˜U ˆ8‰l"DfN4QbX¨UY=F^Gcf=BEU 8>X-DFˆ˜cf=KBEUID@UYZIca¿?GcfDƒBEQSU>XGDf«7’;GcaBEcXGD@UY=’i}UY=FRfcMQSD’c©hG=@cD@D@c^¨?GDF?<8>Solq8>DN &` ' ­ ¥)*,( +.- *0( / § 1 +2/ & 2¥ >3 §

¥zw§

T. Otsuka et al. / Nuclear Physics A 788 (2007) 3c–11c

5c

ˆK;Gcf=F c *,( (+ ' / ^GcXGU>BEcDBE;GcaQbD@UYDFhGQSXqU>hc=E8 B@UY=@D’U>iX?GRScfU>XGDawM8>XG^+ÄN¥ - §Z0cf8>XGD’8ŒDFR‰8>S8>=hG=FU^G?-RB‰N 8>XG^ &ÅQbD’8i}?GXGR—BEQSU>X U>iBE;Gca^-QSDFBE8>XGRc> N "3 N-ePcBpˆ˜cfcX+Bpˆ˜UIX?GRScUYXGDf7’;Gcgi}?-XGRB@QSUYX 1 +2/ QSDt^Gc¢D 1 +2/ ­ x¥ ) ( +%- 3( * 3Y§4¥ ) ( / - 3( * 3Y, § + ¥ ) ( + - ) ( / .§ ¥Ä>§ ˆK;Gcf=Fc ) ( +(' / QSD«BE;GcgDFhGQSX[U>iX?GRfbcfUYXGDawg8>XG^`ÄN8>XG^ 3ž( ^GcfX-U>BEcD’=@cfS8 BEQonYcWRfU"UY=@^GQbX<8 B@ci}=FUYZ X?GRScUYX waBEU0ĈKQbBE; 3¤ePcfQbXGr'QbBEDK8 eGD@UYb?-BEcgn 8>b?Gc>&7’;-QSDKcf¿?<8 B@QSUYX/QbD’=@cˆK=FQbBFBEcfX+8>D 1 +2/ ­ xW¥<Á ) ( +0/ ) ( / à 1 /2 - Á (3 / 3( à 1 /2 * 3 / .§ ¥%xY§ 2¥ 2§ ­ 3 Ä 45Y* ’¥<,Á ) ( +0/ ) ( / 6à 1 /2 -7 1 /2 § ˆK;Gcf=FcIÁ / à 1"8 2 ZIc‰8>XGD˜BE;GcaRUY?GhGbQSXGr¤U iBpˆ˜UŒUYhPcf=@8 BEUY=FDQSX B@;GcaeG=@8>RT:>c—BED’BEU'8>X/8 XGrY?GS8>=tZIUYZIcfXu BE?GZ ¥1UY=K=@8>XG::§ “ 9 N]8>XG^/BE;GcMDFhG;Gcf=FQSRf8>4;<8>=FZ0UYX-QSRfD’QbD’QSX2BE=FU^-?GRfc< ^; ¥>§ Á 3 ( / (3 à 1 /2 * 3 / = ­ 3  4>* w 7 1 /2? 7’;?GDfN-B@;GcCB@cfXGDFUY=ti}UY=FRfcCRf8>XqePcCc—©hG=FcfDFD@cf^`QSX0BpˆtUŒ^GQo–$c=@cXBtˆ8‰l"Df † ¿?<8 BEQbUYX6¥%ÄY§«Z08‰l0ePcgZIUY=@c i18>ZIQSSQS8>=fNYˆK;-QSScac¿]2¥ §tQbD’cf¿?GQbn 8>bcfX2BKBEU'QbB8 XG^/QSD’?GDFcf^QbX¦Á‡Ä Ã% ”QSrY?G=FcŒwMD@;GUˆKDKBE;GcMD@U upR‰8 SSc^q7=FQShGbcBƒu † nYcXjU>BEcXB@Q›8>4^-c¢3 §8>D & &'  @ ¥ 3Y§&A ­ ª +  x 0 & 2¥ >3 § ? ¥%•Y§ „ Xª”9QbrGwYN$BE;-cBEcXGD@U>=ah<8>=FBCU>i&BE;-c¤UYXGcuphGQbUYXc©-RT;G8>XGrYc'hPU>BEcXB@Q›8>˜B¥ 4 §—N$B@;GcU>XGc—uvhGQSUYD X š C U>XGc— u > E u Z0cD@UYXc—©RT;<8>XGr>c¤hU BEcfX2B@Q›8>t6¥ 4CF"E §—N>d gG  H hPU>B@cfX2BEQS8>˜Á‡ Ã%N8 XG^6½a7Ä0hU BEcfX2B@Q›8>QSDWD@;GUˆKXC7’;Gc BEcXGD@UY=h<8>=ƒBU>itBE;Gc0>d gG  H hPU>B@cfX2BEQS8>&QSDžD@QbZ0Qb›8>=gB@U+BT8 ;BU>iB@;GcqO+,x ¡ " hPU>BEcXGQ›8 CÁ • Ã%/7’;Gcq½a7Ä hU BEcfX2B@Q›8>«ˆKQSS˜ec/^GQbD@R?GD@DFcf^ S8 BEc=f£AgXGc/XGU BEQSRcfD'D@QbZ0Qb›8>=FQbB@QScfDž8>ZIUYXGr¨B@;Gc/hU BEcfX2B@Q›8>bD¤c—©Rfch-B i}UY=WB@;GI c £ 4 hPU>BEcX2BEQ›8 ˆK;GQbRT;ªQSDgDF;GUˆKX6UYXGbl/i}UY=BE;GcŒD@8>:>cŒU iRfUYZIh<8>=FQSD@U>Xa_gQb–cf=FcfXGRcfDgU i«B@;GcfDFc hU BEcfX2B@Q›8>bD08 B[DF;GUY=FB[^GQSDƒBT8>X-RfcfD[^GU“XGU>B0Z08 B@B@cf=IQSXŸB@;Gch-=@cfDFcfX2B/DFB@?G^-l>N’ecR‰8>?GDFc¨BE;Gc+=@c›8 B@QbnYc Z0U BEQSU>X[ePcBpˆ˜cfcfX/Bpˆ˜UIX?GRScUYXGDKR‰8>X-XGU>B’ePcaQSX[B@;Gc 1œDFBT8 BEcaQSXqePU>B@K ; JMLaN 8>X-P ^ OQR DFBE8 BEcDž¥€ccIÁ‡Ä à i}UY=’^Gc—BT8>QbSDT§ Š¦cC;G8n>cgQSX2n>cfDFB@QSr28 BEcf^0BE;GcBEcfX-D@UY=˜Z0UYX-UYhU>ScKc–cfR—BED?GDFQSXGržBE;GSc 4TCUŒ E hPU>B@cfX2BEQS8>DFcf^DƒBE?G^-QScfDÁÀÄ Ãt€QbXGRfcaBE;-ch<8 =E8>ZIcB@cf=@DKU>iBE;GQbDKhU>B@cfX2BEQS8>;<8 DWePcfcX`ˆ˜cfbcDFBE8>eGSQbD@;Gc^ e2l“AgDƒBEcf=ƒi}cfb^ Á # ÃNˆ˜c[BEU"UY:B@;Gc0n 8>b?GcfDžQSX Á #ëˆKQoBE;GU>?-Bi}?-=FBE;-cf=8>^ ÆF?GDƒBEZIcfX2B‰/7’;Gc=@c[RUY?Gb^‹ePc Z0QbXGUY=g;-QSrY;Gc=ƒuvUY=@^Gc=ƒuvZ0c^GQS?GZ 8>XGW^ V UY=MRfUY=Fc—uphPUYbQS‘‰8 BEQSU>X¨c–cfR—BEDfN9eG?-BžBE;Gc—l 8>=@c'?Gh BEU+8>eU>?-BIwy X &dBWZIUYZIcfX2B‰Nˆtcai}U"Rf?GDKUYX`rYSU>e<8>$DƒBE?G^-QScfDN<Scf8n"QbXGr'D@?GRT;`¢QSbDi}UY=’›8 BEcf=˜ˆtUY=F:Df €"QSXGRc'B@;Gc¤BEcXGD@U>=žZIUYXGU>hUYbc¤c–cfR—BEDž;<8‰nYc'ePcfcfX¦^GQSDFRf?GDFD@c^‹c—©"B@cfXGDFQbnYcbl6QbX™Á‡Ä Ã%NQbBaQbDaXGU>B8>hu hG=@U>hG=@QS8 BEcMBEU =FcfhPc‰8 BWBE;Gc¤8>=@rY?-Z0cXB@Dg;Gc=@c>WŠ‹c¤QbXGDFB@c‰8>^Z0cXB@QSUYX+BE;<8 BCZ0U>=@cžc—©-8>ZIhGScDgU>i&BE;-c Z0U>XGUYhPUYScgB@cfXGDFUY=Cc—–$cRBEDC;<8‰nYc¤ePcfcX¨D@ccfXª=@cRfcXB@bl>gAgXGcžU>ikB@;GcfZ QSDKi}UY=KBE;GcZ0U>XGUYhPUYScMQSX2B@cf=ƒu 8>RB@QSUYX¦ec—BpˆtccfX£hG=FU>BEUYX w‰Z^ Y[ / 8>XG^‹XGcf?-B@=@UYX wi \([ /' [ / UY=@eGQoBED[ÁÀ Ý „ X“i18>RBfNBE;-c RT;<8>XGr>c U>i’BE;-c D@hGQbXupU>=@eGQoBD@h-SQbBFBEQbXGrŒ;<8>DKePcfcfX`ZIc‰8>DF?G=@c^`i}UY=B@;Gca¢<¯ =@DƒBKBEQSZIcgQbX/B@;GQSD’c©hc=@QSZIcfX2Bf 7’;-c+BEcXGD@U>=[i}UY=@Rc+DF;GUY?Gb^ ePc=FcfD@hPUYXGDFQSeGbc`i}U>=IB@;GcRT;<8 XGrYc¨U>iCBE;Gc`Z[8 rYQSR/X?GZ¤ePcf=[8>=@UY?-XG^ ¬¨­MÄ>y-”QSrY?G=FcaĤD@;-UˆKDKc—–$cRBEQonYcMD@QbXGrYbc—uphG8>=FB@QSRfbcWcXGcf=FrYQScDž¥ † €-j † H‡DE§’8>XG^qBE;GcQS=RT;G8>XGrYcDf«7’;Gc UY=@QbrYQSXG8><¢DKhG=FcfD@cX2BEcf^+QSX Á Ž Ã%N-ˆK;Gcf=FcaBE;GcMRT;<8>X-rYcMU>iBE;GcMD@;-cfS$DFBE=F?GRB@?G=@cM;<8 ^`ePcfcX+^-QSDƒu Rf?GDFD@c^[i}UY=&BE;Gc’¢<=FDFB«BEQbZ0cK8>D˜8MDFl"DFB@cfZ08 BEQbRc—–$cRB˜U>i$B@;Gcc–cfRB@Qbn>cWX?GRScfU>XupX?GRScfU>X[QSX2B@cf=E8 RBEQbUYXN h<8>=ƒBEQSR?G›8 =@bl>N2QbB@DtD@h-QSXuvQSD@U>D@hGQbX[h<8>=ƒB‰ „ Btˆ8>DthUYQbX2BEcf^[UY?-BQbX6Á Ž ÃB@;<8 B˜BE;GcgZIUYXGU>hUYbcKQSX2BEc=E8>R—BEQSU>X ec—BpˆtccfXœDFhGQSX^u <] QSh hG=FU>BEUYX"upXGc?-BE=FUYX‹h<8 =FBEX-cf=@DQSDžRf=F?GRfQS8>qmh¦B@U+BE;-QSDžhUYQbX2B‰NBE;Gc[8>=@rY?-Z0cXBžQbD

6c

T. Otsuka et al. / Nuclear Physics A 788 (2007) 3c–11c

ESPE (MeV)

8 (a)

}

pf shell

(b) } pf shell 0d3/2

30 14

Si16

24 8

O16

N=20

4

0d3/2

0

N=16 1s1/2

1s1/2

(c)

j<= l −1/2

(d)

p

n

j>= l +1/2 proton

neutron

p

VGPUQT HQTEG

n

”9QbrY?G=FcžÄ«€RT;GcZ[8 B@QSRahGQbRB@?G=@cMU>iZ[8 rYQSRQbBpl0RT;<8>XGrYcM^G?-cMB@UŒBE;GcMD@h-QSXuvQSD@U>D@hGQbXqQSX2BEc=E8>R—BEQSU>X~Wc?u B@=@UYX † €-j † HÀDi}UY=¥%82§ Y
€"Q]8>XG^+¥1e]§ / A¤NY=Fcf›8 BEQbn>cBEU'w ) + [ / k7’;GcK^GU B@BEc^0bQSXGctRfUYXGX-cfRB@QSXGr[¥%8Y§k8>XG^ ¥}e]§9QSDk^-=E8‰ˆKXŒBEUaQSX-^GQSRf8 BEc«BE;Gc’RT;<8 XGrYc’U>i]BE;-cKy  Y[ / bcn>cf¥1R‰§97’;Gc’Z[8ÆFUY=9QbXB@cf=@8>RB@QSUYXŒhG=FU^-?GRfQbXGr B@;Gc¤e<8>DFQSRžRT;<8>XGr>c¤ec—BpˆtccfXŸ¥%8Y§8>X-^£¥1e]§Œ¥}^]§7’;GchG=@U"RfcD@Dg=Fcfbcn 8>X2BCB@U[BE;GcQSX2BEc=E8>R—BEQbUYXQbXœ¥1R‰§ QbD^-UYZ0QbX<8>X2BEolI^G?GcMBEUŒBE;GcaB@cfXGDFUY=’i}UY=@Rc> ƒD BEQSb&RfUY=F=@cRB‰ „ X BE;Gc0DE8>ZIc0hG8>hc=fNˆtcIn>8 rY?Gcfol 8 B@B@=@QbeG?-BEc^ B@;Gc[U>=@QSr>QSX6U>iB@;GQSDMQSX2B@cf=E8 RBEQbUYX6BEU B@;Gc $ $ * * RfcX2BE=E8 kQSX2BEc=E8>R—BEQbUYXWVWUˆtc—nYc=fNQbBBE?G=FXGDgUY?BCBE;G8 BCB@;Gc $ $ * * RfcX2BE=E8 9QSX2B@cf=E8 RBEQbUYXQbD XGU BB@;Gc[=FQSrY;2BžUY=@QbrYQSX ;Œ”XGRfc N9QoBQbDX-U>BDƒBE=FUYXGrcXGUY?Gr>;Nk8>X-^‹Qbi˜ˆtc0Z[8 :>c[QoBžDFBE=FUYXGrYc= 8>=ƒBEQo¢Sol`B@;Gc'ˆK;GUYSc'DFRT;GcfZIc[eG=Fc‰8>:Dž^GUˆKX0Š¦cI;<8‰nYcID@;GUˆKX“QbX ÁÀÄ Ã&B@;<8 BMBE;GcIZ08ÆFUY=aUY=FQSrYQbX U>iKB@;Gc D@;-cfS«cn>UYS?BEQSU>X ¥1RT;<8 XGrYcqU>iK=Fcf›8 BEQbn>c[cXGcf=FrYQScD¤U>iKD@QbXGrYbc—uphG8>=FB@QSRfbc'DFBT8 BEcfD¤8>DŒ8+i}?GX-RBEQbUYX U>i&¬ UY=C®g§’QSD’BE;-cBEcXGD@U>=i}UY=FRfc8>XG^`ˆtcR‰8>X+c—©hG›8 QSX/BE;GcD@;GcScn>UYS?-B@QSUYX/ˆKQbB@;GUY?-BW^GcDFBE=FUlQbXGr c©-QbDFB@QSXGr^GcfDFRf=@Qbh-BEQbUYXGD˜U>i4X?GRfbcfQ%k7’;?GDfN<”QSrG"ÄM^GQb–cf=FD˜QbX0BE;-cCh<8>=ƒBa¥}^]§i}=FUYZ BE;-cCRfU>=@=@cD@hPUYXG^GQbXGr UYX-cžQbX¦ÁÀŽ Ã% 7’;Gc‹¬­MÄ>yœD@;GcSar28>h Rf8>X ePc6D@Z08>Si}UY=qX?GRfbcfQgˆKQoBE; ®  w‰yŸ8>D ˆ˜c D@;<8>bgD@;-Uˆ ›8 B@cf=f 7’;GQbD[BE=FcfXG^ ;<8>D ePcfcX RfUYX-¢G=@ZIcf^ e2lŸZ[8>X2l™c—©hPcf=FQSZIcfX2BED h-?GeGSQbD@;Gc^ =@cRfcXB@bl Á w‰y P w >Ã%NtˆKQoBE; B@;GcfUY=FcB@QSR‰8 4c—©hG›8 X<8 BEQbUYXGD’UYeBT8>QbXGcf^qˆKQbB@;qBE;Gc€-_aj”uzO QbX2BEcf=@8>RB@QSUYX¦ÁÂwNowÄ Ã% ² ·]¶¶  -µ»}·P.´       P ·P´ ¸   G´  1 ¸ ¶·  ¶µ2»   AaX-cU>ikB@;GcZIUYDƒBg=@cRfcXBCˆtUY=F:DgUYX+B@;GcB@cfXGDFUY=Ci}UY=FRfcQSDUYX¨RfU>=@=@c›8 B@QSUYX-DePcl>UYXG^¨B@;GcZIc‰8>X"u ¢cCZIU>BEQbUYX9”]U>=«B@;GQSD˜hG?G=@hPUYDFc>N-ˆ˜cg^GcRfUYZIhU>D@cf^qB@;Gc c—–$cRBU>iBE;GcWBEcfX-D@UY=i}UY=FRf\ cgi}UY=tQbBEDtZ0UYX-UYhU>ScW8>XG^/Z¤?GoBEQShPUYbchG8>=FB@D’D@cfhG8>=E8 B@cfolY”9QbrY?G=@cCx¤D@;GUˆKD B@;GcWbcn>cfSDU>i ¯p° ”XG^ ¯ ”]cKRf8>SR?G›8 B@cf^'e2lŒi}?GS-h-i›upDF;GcfbbRf?GS8 BEQbUYXGD9ˆKQoBE;[O¨€-V † ¾¾¨RfU"^GcÁÂw• Ã% 7’;GcŒcZ0h-SUlYc^ªc–cfRB@Qbn>cŒQSX2BEc=E8>R—BEQSU>X¨QSDg½ ¼ j«”˜w‰d¡ÁÂw # Ã%N$ˆK;GQbRT;ªQSDg8 DFSQbrY;2BC=Fcn"QSDFUYXªU>it½ ¼ j”tw 

7c

T. Otsuka et al. / Nuclear Physics A 788 (2007) 3c–11c

10+

56

57

Fe

Fe 21/2−

9+

8

8 10+ 10+

19/2−

21/2− 9+

21/2−

9+ 17/2−

6

6

19/2−

Ex (MeV)

19/2− 8+ 8+ 8+ 7+ 5+

7+

7+ 17/2−

17/2−

5+

4

5+

4 3+ 1+ 6+

3+ 6+ 1+

13/2−

6+ 1+ 3+

15/2−

15/2− 15/2− 11/2− 9/2−

13/2− 4+

13/2− 11/2−

11/2−

2

4+

4+

2

0

2+

0+

0+

C

0

0+

D

5/2−

9/2− 7/2−

2+ 2+

7/2− 1/2−

E

9/2−7/2−

5/2−1/2− 3/2−

1/2− 5/2−3/2−

3/2−

C

D

E

”9QSr>?G=@cŒx † XGcf=Fr>lªSc—nYcSDaU>i ¯p° ”XG^ ¯p° ”bRf?GS8 BEc^ªˆKQbBE;¦½ ¼ j”tw‰dÅQSX2BEc=E8>R—BEQSU>Xq¥182§g”R—BEQbUYX0¥1e]§7cXGD@UY=MRUYZ0hPUYXGcX2BaQSDgDF?Ge-B@=E8>R—BEcf^$/¥1R‰§gO+UYXGU>hUYbc¤h<8>=ƒBaU>iBE;-c¤BEcfX-D@UY=aRUYZ'u hU>XGcfX2BQSD’=FcfDFB@UY=@c^`B@U+¥1e]§ Á w‰ Ý ”QSrY?G=Fc’x'¥%8Y§¥}i}UY=9eU>B@;'¯p°”]c8>XG^'¯ \ ”i]B@;Gc’R‰8>bRf?GS8 BEQbUYXGD?GD@QbXGrgBE;Gc½ ¼ j”twfd QSX2BEc=E8>R—BEQbUYX „ X ”9QSr-Mx6¥1e]§N$BE;Gc¤B@cfXGDFUY=aRfU>XB@=@QbeG?-BEQbUYXB@U BE;Gc¤DF;GcfbouvZ0U"^GcfQSX2B@cf=E8 RBEQbUYX¨QbDgD@?Ge"u BE=@8>RB@cf^'7’;Gc 4>C EhPU>B@cfX2BEQS8>kQSDa?-D@cf^$[¾4cn>cfbD8>=Fc¤nYc=Fl6^GQo–$c=@cfX2BžePcBpˆ˜cfcfX ¥%82§g8>X-^ ¥}e]§—ŒŠ¦c BE;GcX¦=FcfDƒBEUY=FcIB@;Gc0ZIUYXGU>hUYbc¤h<8>=ƒBžU>itB@;GcIB@cfXGDFUY=ai}UY=@RcIB@U“¥}e]§—N8>X-^¦BE;-cI=FcfDF?GbB@D8>=Fc'D@;GUˆKX“QbX ¥1R‰§— „ X6U>B@;Gcf=gˆ˜UY=F^GDfNUYXGolZ?GbB@QShPUYScžh<8>=ƒBMQSDgDF?Ge-BE=@8>RB@cf^ QSX™¥}R§—7’;Gc'=@cfDF?GbB@DaU>iC¥1R‰§g8>=@cŒXGU B D@U'^GQo–$c=@cfX2B’i}=FUYZ ¥182§—N-QSXG^GQbR‰8 B@QSXGržBE;<8 B’BE;GcaZIUYXGUYhPUYbcCh<8>=ƒBKU>iBE;GcgB@cfXGDFUY=’i}UY=@RcaZ[8 :>cfD’R=@?GRQ›8> RfUYX2B@=@QSe-?-BEQbUYXGDgBEU/X?GRSc‰8 =aD@hPcfRB@=E8-NˆK;Gc=E8>DžZ¤?GoBEQShPUYbch<8 =FBžhG=@U"^G?GRcfDžZ¤?GRT; Z0QbXGUY=gRUYX2BE=FQSeG?u BEQbUYXGDfž7’;GQbDaQSDCn>cf=Fl¨QSX2BEc=@cfDƒBEQbXGr`8>XG^ªQSZIhPUY=FBE8>X2B‰ „ X6B@;GcŒRfU>Xn>cfX2BEQbUYX<8>&hG8>QS=FQSXGr C  ÅhGQbRBE?-=@c>N UYXGolªBE;GcD@c h<8 QS=@QbXGr+8>XG^“¿?<8>^-=@?GhPUYSc0^Gcfr>=@cfcD¤U>i’i}=Fcfcf^-UYZ 8 =@c[QbZ0hPUY=ƒBT8>X2B‰q7’;-c[BEcXGD@UY=i}UY=@Rc QSDMUY?-B@D@Qb^Gc>NeG?-BQbBEDMc—–$cRB¤RUYZIcfDžQSX6BE;G=FUY?GrY;¦c–cfRB@Qbn>c[D@QbXGrYbc—uphG8>=FB@QSRfbc¤cfX-cf=@r>QScfDžUY=žZ0U>XGUYhPUYSc RT;<8>XGr>cfDKU>ikDFQSXGr>Sc—uvh<8>=ƒBEQSRScSc—nYcfbDf Š¦c'BE;GcX¦ˆ˜UYXG^Gc=ˆK;Gc—BE;Gc=žB@;GQSDžQSDž8>oˆ8‰l"DžB@=@?Gc'UY=žXGU>Bf ”9QbrY?G=F% c “¥182§gQSDaBE;GcI=@cD@?GoBU itBE;-c

8c

T. Otsuka et al. / Nuclear Physics A 788 (2007) 3c–11c

56 10+

9+

9+

0K 8+ 7+

5+

8

1+ 8+ 1+ 7+

3+

4+

6

6+ 5+

Ex (MeV)

6+ 5+

3+

3+ 2+

4

4+

4+

2+ 2+

2

0

0+

C

0+

0+

D

E

”9QbrY?G=Fc G † XGcf=Fr>l‹bcn>cfSDU>i’¯p°~Q˜Rf8>SR?G›8 B@cf^ ˆKQbBE;“½ ¼ j”tw‰d QbX2BEcf=@8>RB@QSUYX$‹¥182§”Ru B@QSUYX¥}e]§t7cfXGDFUY=KRfUYZIhU>XGcfX2BKQSD’DF?Ge-B@=E8>R—BEcf^$C¥}R§’O+U>XGUYhPUYScah<8 =FBKU>iBE;-cMB@cfXGDFUY=’RfU>Z0hPUYXGcXBKQbD =FcfDFB@UY=@c^+B@U¥}e]§— Rf8>SR?G›8 B@QSUYX-Dt?GDFQSXGr¤B@;Gcž½ ¼ j”tw‰d QbXB@cf=@8>RB@QSUYX „ X+”QSrG `¥}e]§—NBE;GcgB@cfXGDFUY=’RfUYX2B@=@QSe-?-BEQbUYX[BEUŒB@;Gc DF;GcfboupZIU"^GcfQSX2BEc=E8>R—BEQSU>X¨QSDaDF?Ge-BE=@8>RB@cf^Œ7’;-c 45C E`hPU>BEcXB@Q›8>QSDg?-D@cf^¦8>r28 QSX¾c—nYcSDž8>=@cnYcf=ƒl ^GQo–$c=@cXBgec—BpˆtccfXŸ¥%82§8>XG^£¥}e]§—WŠ‹cžBE;GcXª=@cfDƒBEUY=FcBE;-c¤Z0U>XGUYhPUYScMh<8>=ƒBgU>i&B@;GcB@cfXGDFUY=Ci}UY=FRfcžBEU ¥}e]§—N<8 XG^ BE;GcC=@cfDF?GbB@DK8>=@cCD@;GUˆKX/QSX6¥}R§«7’;-ca=@cfDF?GbB@DU>i˜¥}R§8>=FcgDFB@QSS]=@8 BE;Gc=^GQo–$c=@cfX2B’i}=FUYZ ¥%82§N DF?GrYrYcDFBEQbXGr¤BE;G8 BtB@;GcCBEcXGD@U>=ti}UY=@RcgRfU>XB@=@QbeG?-BEcDXGU>BtUYXGolIB@;G=@U>?GrY; BE;-cCZIUYXGUYhPUYSch<8>=ƒBeG?BK8>SDFU B@;G=@UY?-rY;0B@;G\ cWZ?GbB@QShPUYSchG8>=FBfk7’;Gc^GQb–cf=FcfXGRcCePcBpˆ˜cfcfXª¥%82§8>XG^¥1e]§&QSDS8>=@rYc=&BE;<8>X'BE;-cWRf8>D@cDtU>i ¯p° ”XG^ ¯ ”DePcfcX+DFcfcfX+8>bD@U¤QbX BE;Gcž½M8>ZIUn2uv7cSSc=˜^-QSDFB@=@QbeG?-BEQbUYX7’;"?-DfN B@;Gc¨¬­ž® X?GRfbcfQKSQb:>c/¯p°~WQKR‰8 X rYQonYc`?GD[?GX-QS¿?Gc`QSX-i}UY=FZ[8 BEQSU>XœUYX™B@;GcX?GRScf8>=Ii}U>=@RfcDf 7’;GQbD i}cf8 BE?G=Fca;<8>D’XGc—nYc=’eccfX/hU>QSX2BEc^qUY?-B‰&7’;-QSDK8>X<8 bl"D@QbDtZ08>:>cD’D@cfX-D@c>N=FB@bl0ecR‰8>?GDFcaBE;GcCB@cfXGDFUY= RUYZ0hPUYXGcX2B¤U>i˜BE;Gc0D@;GcSouvZ0U"^GckQSX2BEc=E8>R—BEQbUYX¦Rf8>X“ePcIˆ˜cfb«8>hGhG=FU©QbZ[8 B@cf^¦el6B@;Gc0DFQSZIhGSc 4>C E hPU>BEcX2BEQ›8 N-hG8>=FB@QSRf?-›8>=Fbl0QSX/QbB@
D g­ayŒRT;<8>X-XGcf%_gcBT8 QSSD˜ˆKQSS$ecahG=FcfDFcfX2BEc^¨cfbD@cˆK;-cf=@c 

T. Otsuka et al. / Nuclear Physics A 788 (2007) 3c–11c

9c

²
 <´  . %  ¸ ‹  · ¸   0  » µ™  µ "´ f ·] ¶ v ·]¶ º  7’;-c¤c—©QSDƒBEQbXGrq€:2l"=@ZIcqÁÂwŽ-N Ä>y Ã8>X-^ª½aUYrYX2l‹Á‡Äw -Ä>x ÃR‰8 SRf?-›8 B@QSUYXGD’^-U XGU>BWQSXGRS?G^-cžB@;GcB@cfXGDFUY= i}UY=@Rc>’Š¦c;<8‰n>c¤^Gcn>cfbUYhc^ª80ZIc‰8 Xuv¢_gcBE8>QSbDW8 =@cžrYQbn>cfX¨QbX Á‡,Ä >Ý A possible mechanism of ls splitting change exotic nucleus with neutron skin

stable nucleus

proton neutron

ρ

dρ/dr

ls splitting smaller (Scale-type l s quenching)

”9QSr>?G=@cM"«|tUYX2nYcfX2B@QSUYX<8 h-QSRB@?G=@cMU>iD@Z08>bScf=˜D@hGQbXupU>=@eGQoB’D@hGbQbBFBEQSX-r¤QSX/XGc?-BE=FUYXup=FQSRT;`X?GRfbcfQ ’7 ;-cžB@cfXGDFUY=’i}UY=@RcžQbD’c—©hG=FcfD@DFcf^ª8 DÁÀÄ Ã%N & q ' ­ ¥)*,( + - *0( / §4¥<,Á ) ( + ) ( / à 1 /2 -7 1 /2 § & 2¥ >3 § ¥ #>§ VWc=@c>N   2¥ >3 §QbDa8[i}?GXGR—BEQbUYX¨U>iBE;-cŒ=@cfS8 BEQonYc^GQSDƒBT8>XGRc>N 3"ž€QSZIQSS8>=@ol BEU0BE;GcŒRcfX2BE=@8>kh<8>=ƒBaU>iBE;-c QSX2BEc=E8>R—BEQbUYXN]ˆtc¤BE8>:>cŒ8 ½ž8>?-D@D@QS8>X¨i}UY =  & ¥ 3Y§’BEU"UGNi}UY=WD@QbZ0hGbQSRQbBplYN<ˆKQoBE;B@;Gc¤=E8 XGrYc[w> Ä0i}Z`NQ%‡c bN BE;Gc[SUYXGr>cf==@8>XGrYc[U>i’BE;GcqRcfX2BE=@8>h<8 =FB‰ª7’;-cqUn>cf=@8>S˜DFBE=FcfXGr BE;£U>i   ¥ 3Y§MQSDB@;GcfXœ^-cBEc=@ZIQSXGc^ D@U`BE;<8 BQbB@Džn>UYS?GZIcIQSX2BEcrY=E8>=FcfhG=FU^G?-RfcfDBE;<8 BU>iB@;Gc[5d aG & H ÁÀ Ã%N9=@cD@?GoBEQbXGrQb X  k 2¥ >3 ­MyY§@­ax-w>• ¥O+c MG §<7’;GcM7=FQShGbcBFu † nYcfX`hPU>BEcXB@Q›8>bDQSX`”9QbrG$wžQSX-RfS?-^GcfDB@;GQSD’hPU>BEcX2BEQ›8  AgXGcaU iB@;GcaZ08ÆFUY=tZIU>B@Qbn 8 BEQbUYXGD«U>iBE;GQbDtˆ˜UY=@:0QSDtB@UŒRfUYZIh<8>=FcCBE;Gcac—–$cRBKU>iXGc?-BE=FUYX/D@:QSX ÁÀÄ>• à BEUMBE;GcWc–cfR—BU>iB@;GcWB@cfXGDFUY=˜i}U>=@Rfc &”9QbrY?G=@cCžDF;GUˆKDtBE;-cWRUYX2nYcfX2B@QSUYX<8 8>XG^0=E8 B@;Gcf=˜X<8>QonYchGQSR—BE?G=Fc U>i$B@;GcKRT;<8>XGr>cCU>iBE;GcD@hGQbXupU>=@eGQoBD@hGbQbB@B@QSXGra^-?GcB@UZIUY=Fc^-Qb–?GD@cD@?G=ƒi18>RfcQSXIXGc?-BE=FUYXup=FQSRT;IX?GRfbcfQ 7’;GQSD9c–cfRBRf8>XŒePc’8grYU"U^¤DF?Ge"ÆFcRBU>i]i}?-B@?G=@cc©hc=@QSZIcfX2B@D8>DkQSX-^GQSRf8 BEc^¤QSX ‚K„ d j&;2lDFQSRDkŠ ;GQbB@c j98>hPcf=ÁÀÄ # Ã%kdWbBE;-UY?GrY;¤B@;GcK=@cf^-?GRB@QSUYX'U>iPBE;Gc’DFhGSQoB@B@QSXGrgZ08‰l¤U"RfR?G=&nYcf=ƒlŒXGcf8>=^G=@QbhGSQbXGcfDKÁÀÄ> Ã%NYBE;-c =@cf8>SQoBpl¤U>iBE;GcWZ0cRT;<8>XGQbD@ZšD@;-UˆKX[QSX0”9QSrG2MDF;GUY?Gb^[ePcWc©G8 Z0QbXGcf^97’;GQSD«Z0cRT;<8>XGQbD@ZšQbD«=Fc–cf=Fcf^ BEUI8>D’BE;-cžDFR‰8>bc—uBplhPcMSD’¿?GcXGRT;GQSX-rIi}UY=B@;GcMDE8>: cU i9R›8>=FQb¢
10c

T. Otsuka et al. / Nuclear Physics A 788 (2007) 3c–11c

GT2 D1S SLy4 EXP

Energy [MeV]

5

0 64

70

82

90

94

104

Neutron Number

”9QbrY?G=Fc• † nYUYb?-BEQbUYX/U>i
w + + [ / uCw  \([ / cfXGc=@r>l/r28 ht7’;Gcž^GQo–$c=@cfX-RfcMi}=@UYZ B@;GcMn>8 S?GcMU>ik¬¨­a• QbD0hGbU>B@B@cf^™i}UY=0c©hc=@QSZIcfX2BE8>K^<8 BT8 ‡Á Ä Ž ÃW8>XG^ Rf8>SR?G›8 BEcf^™=@cD@?GoBEDIˆKQbBE; ½M7Ä"N’_¤w€£8>XG^ €-¾l QbXB@cf=@8>RB@QSUYXGD „ X ÁÀÄ >Ã%Nˆ˜cIDF?GrYrYcDFB@cf^6BE;<8 Bž8 XGU>BE;-cf=gBpl"hc'U>iB@;Gc'¿"?-cfXGRT;GQbXGr`U>iBE;Gc'D@h-QSXuvUY=@eGQoBgDFhGSQoB@BEQbXGr[QbD B@;GcŒ=@QbrY;2BahGQSR—BE?G=Fci}UY=gZIUYDƒB'¥1U>=a8>S›§KU i˜c©U>BEQbR¤X?GRfbcfQ&8>RRfcD@QSe-ScŒ8 BghG=@cD@cfX2Bf7’;GcQS=gc—–$cRBEDž8>=Fc DFZ[8>bSc=¤BE;<8>X™BE;Gc`BEcXGD@UY='i}UY=FRfcc—–$cRBfN’8>XG^ QbX™i18 RBIBE;Gc`D@;GcSKcn>UYS?BEQSU>XŸRf8>XGXGU>B0ePcDFB@?G^GQbcf^ ˆKQoBE;GUY?BžB@;GcŒBEcXGD@UY=ai}UY=FRfc Œ7’;Gc0Dƒl"D@ZB@cfZ08 BEQbRŒRT;<8>XGrYcIU>i˜hG=@U BEUYX6D@QbXGrYbc—uphG8>=FB@QSRfbcbcnYcSDMU>i€e QbD@U>B@UYhcD8>DKD@;GUˆKX`el+€"RT;GQb–cf=KcB8 ÁÀÄ>Ž Ã4Rf8>X+ePcac—©hGS8>QSX-cf^/ˆKQbBE;qB@;GcaBEcfX-D@UY=’i}UY=FRfc>NQSX-cf^ QSX6Z[8 Xlª8 B@B@Z0ch-BEDMe2l6c—©QSDƒBEQbXGr+ZIc‰8 Xuv¢=FQSDFUYX ² ¹   G¶  „ X¨D@?GZIZ08>=Fl>NPˆ˜cŒr28‰nYc8>X¨UnYc=Fn"QSc—ˆÅUYX+BE;GccnYU>S?-B@QSUYXGDWU>i&BE;-cX?GRfbc‰8>=WD@;GcSbDfC7’;-cBEcXGD@UY=zu i}UY=FRfcgc—–$cRB@DK8>=@cgU i4BE;GcgD@8>ZIcgUY=@^-cf=U>iZ08>rYX-QbBE?-^GcC8 DtBE;GcCRT;<8>XGrYcDKU>iD@hGQbXupU>=@eGQoBtDFhGSQoB@BEQbXGrž^G?Gc B@UIB@;GcX-cf?-B@=@UYX+D@:QSXN]8 XG^`B@;Gcf=Fcfe2l`eU BE;`;<8‰nYcB@U0ePcMRfUYX-D@QS^-cf=@c^DFQSZ¤?GoBT8>X-cfUY?GDFbl> † n>cfX¨QoiB@;Gc XGc?-BE=FUYXDF:QSXžc–cfRBQSD8>e-D@cfX2BUY=4nYc=FlMD@Z08>bNXGU>BE8>eGbckBEcfX-D@UY=c–cfR—BEDUYX¤€j † HÀDk8>=FcD@?GrYr>cfDFB@cf^ži}UY= c©G8 Z0hGbcfDKD@?-RT;ª8>DKc—©U>B@QSRM¬¨­MÄ>y'QSDFU>BEU>XGcfD’ˆKQbB@;+® Œwy-NyN 8>X-^“8/SUYXGr`QSDFU>BEU>hGQSRŒRT;<8 QSX U>i€e[~WU>B@cIB@;<8 BžZ08>X2l6U>iQbXB@cf=FcfDFB@QSXGr`hG;2l"D@QbRfDRf8>D@cD¤8>=FcIi}U>?GXG^ ˆ˜cfbNYe-?-B«¿"?-QbBEci18 =8ˆt8‰lŒi}=@UYZ BE;Gc  upDƒBT8>e-QSSQoBplžSQSX-c>97’;-ch-=@cf^-QSRB@QSUYX-D«DFcfcZ B@UhG=FUnQb^GcK?GD&ˆKQbB@;[8ah<8>=@8>^GQbrYZ B@UžePc’BEcDFBEc^ 8>X-^0^Gc—nYcSUYhPcf^0eli}?-BE?G=Fc ‚K„ upePc‰8 ZÅhG;2l"D@QbRfDf&Š¦c DƒBE=@cD@DžBE;<8 BžRT;<8 XGrYcfDžQSX¦€-j † HÀD8 –cfR—BžcfD@DFcfX2BEQS8>Sol68>b9i}c‰8 B@?G=@cDMU>itB@;Gc'X"?-RfScf8>=MDFB@=@?GR—BE?G=Fc>N Q  S N ^Gc—i}UY=@Z08 B@QSUYXN8 XG^“8>bD@UqBE;G8 BZ08>X2lªU>i˜BE;GcIX?GRfbcfQ&QbXn>UYbn>cf^¦h<8>=FB@QSRQSh<8 B@c¤BEU/BE;Gc08>DƒBE=@U>hG;2lDFQSRf8> Lvuph-=@U"RfcfDFDaZ0U>DFBabQS:>cbl>CŠ‹cŒhPUYQbXBCUY?-BgB@;<8 BM80›8>=FrYci}=@8>RB@QSUYX¨U i«B@;GcB@cfXGDFUY=gi}UY=@Rc¤RfU>Z0cDCi}=@UYZ UYX-c 4£c—©RT;<8>XGr>c>N8>XG^¨BE;-cŒhG=@cD@cfX2B½a7Ä[Z0U"^GcfQSXGRS?G^-cfDCB@;GQSDgZIcfRT;G8>XGQSDFZ+€U-NBE;GcŒ¿?GcDFBEQbUYX Qb D ƒ dC=@cah-QSUYXGDKDFU'n"QbD@QSe-ScaQSXqc©U>BEQbRžX?GRScQ 
-  7’;GcŒBEcfX-D@UY=ac—–$cRBžec—lYUYX-^ B@;GcŒD@hG;-cf=@QbR‰8>9Z0cf8>Xuv¢GcfS^ªbcn>cfkQbDghG=@cD@cXB@cf^'”c ¯p° ~QN-B@;GQSD’QbD’h<8>=ƒBEQSR?G›8 =@bl0QSZIhPUY=FBE8>X2B’8>XG^`QSX2B@cf=@cDFB@QSXGrG 7’;G c  ) ¿?GcfXGRT;-QSXGr ;<8>D¤Bpˆ˜UªBplhPcfDœ7’;GcqD@?-=Fi18>Rc/Bpl"hPc/;<8>DŒePcfcfX£c©-hPcfR—BEc^)ÁÀÄ # Ãe-?-BI^GUcD  

T. Otsuka et al. / Nuclear Physics A 788 (2007) 3c–11c

11c

XGU>BW8>hGhPc‰8 =QbX+X?GRScQ4DFBE?-^GQSc^QSX/BE;-QSD’ˆtU>=@:]7’;GcžD@QoBE?<8 B@QSUYX/RUY?GS^`ePcž^-Qb–cf=@cX2BCQoiB@;GcX?GRSc?GD D@QoBEDKUYXU>=Kn>cf=ƒlXGcf8>=KBE;Gcž^G=@QbhGSQbXGcIÁÀÄ> Ã%t7’;GchUYDFQbB@QSUYXqBpl"hc NPˆK;-QSRT;;G8>DCXGU BWePcfcX¨=@chU>=FBEc^QbX hG?GeGbQSRf8 BEQbUYXGDfNR‰8>X/ePcai}UY?GXG^`QSX/Z08>X2l R‰8 D@cfD 7’;-QSDgˆ˜UY=@:¨ˆt8>DMD@?Gh-hUY=ƒBEc^¦QbX hG8>=FBMe2l68`½a=E8>X2BFuvQSXuvdCQb^+i}UY=ž€hPcfRQ›8>bblj&=@UYZIU>BEc^ ‚ cD@c‰8 =@RT; ¥ƒwx>yYy2Ä>yYyw§i}=@UYZ B@;GcªO †k¼ 7 8 XG^ e2lŸB@;Gcª{2€j˜€ |tU>=@c—uBEU uz|tUY=@cj&=@UYrY=@8>Z` 7’;-QSD0ˆ˜UY=F:Ÿ;<8 D eccfX 8 h<8 =FB0U>iCB@;Gc ‚K„z…M† ~Kuƒ|~C€ªÆFUYQbXB'=FcfDFc‰8>=FRT; hG=@U ÆFcRB0UYX S8>=@r>c—upDFR‰8>bcqX?GRfbc‰8>=zupDFB@=@?GR—BE?G=Fc R‰8>bRf?GS8 BEQbUYXGD









wY j ‚ QbXGrI8>XG^`jP€"RT;"?-RT:P N  Q  QNL D  N ! L" J  QŒ# N¥€"hG=@QbXGrYcf=N]stcf=FSQbXN$wŽ>Yy2§— ĝÅ7aACB@D@?G: 8-N7a€?G‘?G:QN ‚ 4”BEU-NV4½M=@8ˆ˜cI8>XG^ "ŒdW: 8>QSDF;GQN4j&;2l"Df ‚ cnP¾4cB@Bf% $  N Ä x2ÄY>y2Ä/¥%Ä>yYy2Y§ x- Vž «" ?G: 8‰ˆ8-NPj&=@U"R>Gj;2l"Df$O8 B@;P€U"R>]{Y8 h<8>X ±'& 2`¥ƒwŽYxYY§— Gš€PGŠ‹cQSXec=@rGN]j&;2l"DfP¾4cBFB‰]s  4± N]Ä>>+¥zwŽYŽYyY§—  sW €]j&?G^-SQSX-cfI = QR0N  SN]j;2l"Df ‚ cnP ( N4w #YÄ>y`¥ƒwŽ>Ž #Y§— •-š½Œs˜cf=FB@D@RT;Na{-stUY=ƒl"D@UˆKQSR‘>NgVž’O+R‰O8>X?GD+8>XG^ Š  ½'t¾4Un>c>NC~W?GRj&;2l"Df  ) * NCxYŽ>Ž ¥zwŽ #># §— # ”˜PAaDƒBEc=Fi}cfb^N ‚ cnPO+U"^Ž2ÄY§— -šA¤P€U>=@SQbX QR:N  SNGj;2l"Df ‚ cnPP¾4cB@Bf $ & N]Ž2Ä>xYy-w0¥%Ä>yYyY•2§ Ž-Å7aPACB@D@?G: 8 QR:N  SN]j&;2l"Df ‚ c—nP]¾c—B@Bf *+& N]yYYÄY>y2Äq¥%Ä>yYy-w§ wy- † ]stcRT;Gcn 8-N QR:N  SNy>yY•2§— wYwYO ]stcfbScfr>?GQSR QR0N  SN]j&;2lD ‚ c—n - &  N]y2 2xw•/¥Ä>y>y2Y§— wĝ "¤]mB@D@?GXGD U QR0N  SN]j;2l"Df ‚ cnP -&/. N]y 2xYy #q¥%Ä>yYy 2§— wx- G<7=FQSh<8 BE;GQ%>N QR0N  SN]j;2l"Df ‚ cnP]¾4cBFB‰, $ N4w•2ÄY>ywI¥Ä>yYyYY§— w G½Œ]~Wc—lYcXGDfN QR N SNGj;2l"Df ‚ cnP]¾4cBFB‰, $ N]y2ÄYÄY>ywI¥Ä>yYyYY§— w "¤]mB@D@?GXGD U QR0N  SN]j;2l"Df ‚ cnP !(. N]yY 2x-wq¥zwŽYŽYŽY§— w•-7aPO`QS‘f?-DE8>:QN ‚K„z…M† ~ dWRfRcf]j&=FUYrG ‚ cfh )w ¥%Ä>yYyYyY§— w #O ]VWUYXGZ0P 8 QR:N  SN † ?-=@UG]j&;2l"Df${-0  )   N]€?Gh-hG4wYN 2ŽYŽ`¥Ä>y>y2Y§— w-O ]VWUYXGZ0P 8 QR:N  SNGj;2l"Df ‚ cnP !(  N]yY•wxYy-wI¥%Ä>yYy2ÄY2§ G1 j&;2l"Df ‚ c—n !(* N]yYx 2xw•/¥Ä>y>yYx2§— wŽ-7a‡V ‚ $€":l"=FZ0c N]~W?GRŽ2§— Ä>y-4_¤Z «G 8 ?-BE;Gc=@QbX+8 XG^`_¤ O¦]s˜=@QSX-:PNGj;2l"Df ‚ cnP  N]•YÄ>•`¥ƒwŽ #>ÄY§— ÄwY{-]_gcRT;<8>=FrYc>NPO¦P½aQS=FU^/8 XG^_¤<½MUYr>Xl>N§— ÄYĝ{-]_gcRT;<8>=FrYcž8>XG^+_¤]½MU>rYX2lYN]j&;2lD ‚ c—n 4± N4w>•Y/¥zwŽYYyY§— Ä>x-{-‡”tPstc=@rYc=fNO¦½MQb=@U"^/8>XG^_¤P½MUYr>Xl>NP~W?GR]j&;2lD+ ) * NÄ>x>R0¥ƒwŽ> §P1 |tU>Z0hG?B‰]j&;2lD |tU>Z0Z¤?-X ( NGxY•2/¥ƒwŽ>Ž-w§—N Ä G7aPACB@D@?G: 8-N<7aPO8 BED@?-U 8>XG^`_¤GdWec N]j&;l"D ‚ cnP]¾4cBFB‰]8>RRfcfhBEcf^$ ÄY4”]€"BE8>XGR?N]_¤ O ]st=@QbXG: 8>X-^Vž<”9SU"R‰8 =@^N•-4~ž]”XG^ „ <798 XGQS;<8 BT8-N-j;2l"Df ‚ cnP +* N4w• 2/¥ƒwŽ>ŽYx2§— Ä #  ‚K„ d j&;l"DFQSRfDKŠ ;GQoBEcžj98>hPcf= Ä>-{-]_gU>e<8>Rf‘cˆKDF:":Q QR:N  SNŽ-{-‡jP€"RT;GQb–cf= QR0N  SN]j;2l"Df ‚ cnP]¾4cBFB‰, $  N4w•2ÄY>ywI¥Ä>yYy §—