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Electric lighting for building sites and construction
artificial lighting are surveyed. Some results of medical and X-ray examinations of workers are also given.
Illumination 4.2.80 (61338)
Illuminating Engineering Society. The IES Code. Recommendations for lighting building interiors. IES, London, Mar 1968, 78 pp.
4.2.83 (61352) Lyons, S.L. Electric lighting for building sites and construction.
The IES Code is intended for use by lighting and consulting engineers, by architects a n d b y others concerned with standards of lighting in building interiors. It deals principally with the lighting of industrial, commercial and public buildings, schools, colleges and hospitals; it does not deal with decorative and display lighting. The Code is in two parts. Part I describes the principles of good lighting design and Part II gives related recommendations for artificial lighting, day-lighting and integrated systems of daylight and artificial light. There are three appendices, a glossary and a bibliography. The importance of good quality in lighting is emphasized. Sufficient illumination on the task and within an interior can be achieved readily and economically at all times but good design will provide also an acceptable glare index and light of a suitable colour in pleasantly decorated and well-maintained surroundings.
Lighting Research and Technology, 1972, 4.2, 6 7 - 7 9 . Lighting for building sites and works of engineering construction has developed rapidly over the past few years. There has been growth in the number of sites equipped with electric site lighting, and an increase in the number of sites employing electrical energy for other building purposes. Site lighting seems to be progressing from improvised systems hastily erected to cope with unanticipated lack of light, towards well-engineered systems planned as part of the efficient operation of site activities. The techniques of lighting have changed and become simpler, and the types of luminaires are more suited to the needs of today. Higher illuminances are being employed, but tentative proposals are made for still better standards. The subject of site lighting is reviewed and some recommendations are made for future development and for the efficient and safe use of electric lighting on sites.
4.2.81 (61348)
Frede.riksen, E. The quality of street lighting installations under changing weather conditions.
Lighting Research and Technology, 1972, 4.2, 9 0 - 9 6 . Knowledge of the reflection properties of road surfaces is needed for street lighting calculations which take the luminance distribution on the road surface as a criterion of the quality of the lighting. Laboratory measurements of the reflection properties of different road surfaces when wet and dry are described. Measurements are automated and the results recorded digitally for feeding to a computer. The application of the data to street lighting specifications and design are illustrated.
4.2.82 (61351) Krechkovskii, E.A. Assessment of hygiene in working conditions in flax mills. (In Russian.)
Gigiena Truda i Professional'n ye Zabolevaniya, 1969, 12, 5 - 8 ; abstr in World Textile Abstracts. Industrial hazards from flax dust, data for the dirtiness of work places, microclimate, noise, and natural and
112 Applied Ergonomics
June 1973
This information sheet, which is based on ergonomic studies and analyses, deals with: the design and arrangement of controls and instruments; the design and dimensions of driver's seats; lighting and indicator equipment; driver's visibility; noise, vibration and microclimate inside the vehicle; traffic signs and road lighting.
4.2.84 (61355)
Sufrim, E. Artificial lighting in the textile industry (Iluminarea Artificialt in Sectrile de Productie ale Industriei Textile). (In Rumanian.) Industria Textila, Apr 1971, 22.4, 2 2 9 - 2 3 3 ; abstr in Occupational Safety and Health Abstracts (CIS 1031-1972). Minimum lighting levels for textile mill and clothing factory workposts are proposed on the basis of studies and measurements. Criteria are given for suitable lighting levels for different mill areas and processes; cotton, silk, wool, linen and hemp mills and clothing manufacture. The recommended lighting levels are tabulated. 4.2.85 (61358) Milosevic, S. Human factors in motor-vehicle design and road planning (Ljudski Faktori u Konstrukeiji Vozila i Projektovanju Puteva).
Supplement to Jugoslovenska i lnostrana Dokumentacija Zastite na Radu, Nis, Yugoslavia, Aug 1971, 7.8, 78 pp; abstr in Occupational Safety and Health Abstracts (CIS 400-1972).
Noise 4.2.86 (61371)
Chadha, S.L. and Singh, T. A survey of noise and assessment of its effects on hearing of workers in ammunition factory.
Indian Journal of lndustrial Medicine, Sep 1971,17.3, 9 3 - 1 0 3 ; abstr in
Occupational Safety and Health Abstracts (CIS 589-1972). The survey showed that noise intensity in an ammunition factory (continuous noise from presses and intermittent noise from electric saws) varied between 85"2 and 97 dB (maximum permissible level: 85 dB). Clinical and audiometric examinations were carried out on 1165 workers exposed to noise and on 222 controls. Analysis of audiograms showed that 50% of the exposed workers and 12% of the controls suffered hearing loss. The effects were identical for both intermittent and continuous noise. No hearing loss was found in workers with less than two years' exposure. The majority of workers were affected during the first nine years of exposure to noise. After the age o f 25 years, hearing loss increased steadily in exposed workers. An appendix reproduces a specimen form for recording personal noise-exposure history and ear complaints.
4.2.87 (61372) Cuprova, L. and Stojanov, 1. Hazards of impulsive noise in cartridge-tool operators in the building trade (Riziko Impulsniho Hluku Vstrelovacu ve Stavebnictvi). (In German.) Pracovni Lekarstvi, 1972, 24.5, 1 6 2 167. The hazards of impulsive noise were studied in cartridge-tool operators in the building trade. The methods of direct and indirect cartridge operation, types of fixing tools, different calibre and degree of cartridge, dimension of the spaces from the aspect of their effect upon level of noise, were compared. The results disclose that the noise level rises with the increasing powder charge and is not influenced by the
Illumination 4.2.80 (61338)
Illuminating Engineering Society. The IES Code. Recommendations for lighting building interiors. IES, London, Mar 1968, 78 pp.
4.2.83 (61352) Lyons, S.L. Electric lighting for building sites and construction.
The IES Code is intended for use by lighting and consulting engineers, by architects a n d b y others concerned with standards of lighting in building interiors. It deals principally with the lighting of industrial, commercial and public buildings, schools, colleges and hospitals; it does not deal with decorative and display lighting. The Code is in two parts. Part I describes the principles of good lighting design and Part II gives related recommendations for artificial lighting, day-lighting and integrated systems of daylight and artificial light. There are three appendices, a glossary and a bibliography. The importance of good quality in lighting is emphasized. Sufficient illumination on the task and within an interior can be achieved readily and economically at all times but good design will provide also an acceptable glare index and light of a suitable colour in pleasantly decorated and well-maintained surroundings.
Lighting Research and Technology, 1972, 4.2, 6 7 - 7 9 . Lighting for building sites and works of engineering construction has developed rapidly over the past few years. There has been growth in the number of sites equipped with electric site lighting, and an increase in the number of sites employing electrical energy for other building purposes. Site lighting seems to be progressing from improvised systems hastily erected to cope with unanticipated lack of light, towards well-engineered systems planned as part of the efficient operation of site activities. The techniques of lighting have changed and become simpler, and the types of luminaires are more suited to the needs of today. Higher illuminances are being employed, but tentative proposals are made for still better standards. The subject of site lighting is reviewed and some recommendations are made for future development and for the efficient and safe use of electric lighting on sites.
4.2.81 (61348)
Frede.riksen, E. The quality of street lighting installations under changing weather conditions.
Lighting Research and Technology, 1972, 4.2, 9 0 - 9 6 . Knowledge of the reflection properties of road surfaces is needed for street lighting calculations which take the luminance distribution on the road surface as a criterion of the quality of the lighting. Laboratory measurements of the reflection properties of different road surfaces when wet and dry are described. Measurements are automated and the results recorded digitally for feeding to a computer. The application of the data to street lighting specifications and design are illustrated.
4.2.82 (61351) Krechkovskii, E.A. Assessment of hygiene in working conditions in flax mills. (In Russian.)
Gigiena Truda i Professional'n ye Zabolevaniya, 1969, 12, 5 - 8 ; abstr in World Textile Abstracts. Industrial hazards from flax dust, data for the dirtiness of work places, microclimate, noise, and natural and
112 Applied Ergonomics
June 1973
This information sheet, which is based on ergonomic studies and analyses, deals with: the design and arrangement of controls and instruments; the design and dimensions of driver's seats; lighting and indicator equipment; driver's visibility; noise, vibration and microclimate inside the vehicle; traffic signs and road lighting.
4.2.84 (61355)
Sufrim, E. Artificial lighting in the textile industry (Iluminarea Artificialt in Sectrile de Productie ale Industriei Textile). (In Rumanian.) Industria Textila, Apr 1971, 22.4, 2 2 9 - 2 3 3 ; abstr in Occupational Safety and Health Abstracts (CIS 1031-1972). Minimum lighting levels for textile mill and clothing factory workposts are proposed on the basis of studies and measurements. Criteria are given for suitable lighting levels for different mill areas and processes; cotton, silk, wool, linen and hemp mills and clothing manufacture. The recommended lighting levels are tabulated. 4.2.85 (61358) Milosevic, S. Human factors in motor-vehicle design and road planning (Ljudski Faktori u Konstrukeiji Vozila i Projektovanju Puteva).
Supplement to Jugoslovenska i lnostrana Dokumentacija Zastite na Radu, Nis, Yugoslavia, Aug 1971, 7.8, 78 pp; abstr in Occupational Safety and Health Abstracts (CIS 400-1972).
Noise 4.2.86 (61371)
Chadha, S.L. and Singh, T. A survey of noise and assessment of its effects on hearing of workers in ammunition factory.
Indian Journal of lndustrial Medicine, Sep 1971,17.3, 9 3 - 1 0 3 ; abstr in
Occupational Safety and Health Abstracts (CIS 589-1972). The survey showed that noise intensity in an ammunition factory (continuous noise from presses and intermittent noise from electric saws) varied between 85"2 and 97 dB (maximum permissible level: 85 dB). Clinical and audiometric examinations were carried out on 1165 workers exposed to noise and on 222 controls. Analysis of audiograms showed that 50% of the exposed workers and 12% of the controls suffered hearing loss. The effects were identical for both intermittent and continuous noise. No hearing loss was found in workers with less than two years' exposure. The majority of workers were affected during the first nine years of exposure to noise. After the age o f 25 years, hearing loss increased steadily in exposed workers. An appendix reproduces a specimen form for recording personal noise-exposure history and ear complaints.
4.2.87 (61372) Cuprova, L. and Stojanov, 1. Hazards of impulsive noise in cartridge-tool operators in the building trade (Riziko Impulsniho Hluku Vstrelovacu ve Stavebnictvi). (In German.) Pracovni Lekarstvi, 1972, 24.5, 1 6 2 167. The hazards of impulsive noise were studied in cartridge-tool operators in the building trade. The methods of direct and indirect cartridge operation, types of fixing tools, different calibre and degree of cartridge, dimension of the spaces from the aspect of their effect upon level of noise, were compared. The results disclose that the noise level rises with the increasing powder charge and is not influenced by the