- Email: [email protected]
Electroencephalographic differences between physically active and passive elderly subjects
IOP 2016
generation caused by the response of components under various modalities. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.257
120 ERP differences due to Type 1 diabetes in a visuospatial working memory task with different cognitive load demands Geisa B. Gallardo-Morenoa, Patricia Duarte-Rosasa, Julieta Ramos-Loyoa, Esteban Gudayol-Ferréb, Fabiola R. Gómez-Velázqueza, Andrés A. González-Garridoa a Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico b Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia, Mexico Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is commonly diagnosed during childhood and adolescence thus vulnerable neurodevelopmental stages might be compromised. We evaluated 15 right-handed, normal IQ, young T1D patients without past clinical antecedents of diabetic complications or inadequate glycemic control, and 15 healthy individuals matched by age, gender and educational level, while performing a visuospatial working memory task with simultaneous EEG recording. Stimuli consisting of neutral and happy facial expressions were pseudo-randomly presented in different screen locations and the participants had to remember the sequential order of presentation including the corresponding spatial location. After a short delay, a second sequence was presented and subjects were instructed to determine if it corresponded, or not, to the inverse spatial order of the precedent sequence. The experiment consisted of trials with different working memory loads: 4 or 5 stimuli sequences (1:1). There were no significant behavioral differences between groups, but the experimental group showed longer reaction times. On the other hand, ERP results showed significant differences between conditions (4 versus 5 stimuli) and groups in N170 and P300 components. Controls exhibited a greater N1 amplitude in frontal regions while performing the condition with higher working memory load. A more robust P3 waveform lateralized to the right was observed in the patients with diabetes in both cognitive load conditions, while healthy controls had a reduced but more widely distributed and lateralized to the left P300 component. The present results suggest that T1D patients and controls might probably use different cognitive resources and strategies to successfully solve task demands. The availability of these neural resources might be different due to adaptive neurodevelopmental changes subsequent to T1D onset. The facial emotional distracting effect may be explained in light of the load theory of selective attention, which assumes that higher cognitive demands may trigger perceptual adaptation mechanisms that seek to reduce distractor perception.
81
a
State Scientific-Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia b Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia c Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia d International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia e North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia The EEG research was supported by the RSF grant № 14_15_00202. The fMRI research was supported by the RSF grant № 14_35_00020. Allelic polymorphisms of serotonin transporter (5HTTLPR and STin2) are associated with risk of depression and anxiety disorder (Lesch et al., 1996). However, the association of these polymorphisms with anxiety level in healthy people remains the topic of debates (Sen et al., 2004; Savostyanov et al., 2015). Stopsignal paradigm (SSP, Logan et al., 1984) allows to research brain activity in alternating condition of activation or inhibitory behavioral control. EEG reactions in SSP represent the anxiety level of participants (Savostyanov et al., 2009) The aim of the research is comparison of the EEG/fMRI correlates of anxiety in the SSP conditions in people with different alleles of serotonin transporter. The influence of ethno-cultural factors to genetic associations with anxiety was investigated. 210 healthy participants have taken part in EEG experiments (age 24,3 ± 3,5 years, 97 men). 90 of them were Siberian Mongoloids (Tuvinians or Yakuts), the others – ethnic Russian Caucasians. Anxiety level was tested by Spielberger's STAI. Additionally, 25 people participated in fMRI experiment. In both EEG and fMRI experiments of SSP participants responded to target stimuli by pressing one of two choice buttons or inhibit already prepared motion after stop-signal onset. The samples of blood or buccal epithelium were taken for DNA analyses. Significant inter-ethnical differences in effects of 5-HTTLPR and STin2 on anxiety were obtained. Russians had the smallest anxiety in people with the LL and 10//12 genotypes, whereas in Mongoloids the lowest level of anxiety was revealed in people with the SS and 12//12 genotypes. On EEG, the highest amplitude of alpha-beta desynchronization has been revealed in people with genotypes of LL and 10//10 for all ethnic groups. The effect of anxiety has been positively associated with pre-motor alpha-desynchronization and negatively connected with post-motor beta-synchronization. In fMRI effects of trait anxiety were located in lingual gyrus, cuneus, precuneus, posterior cingulate, right insula, right lenticular nucleus, putamen, right inferior frontal gyrus. The EEG and fMRI effects of anxiety were associated with genetic effects of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, but didn’t have association with effects of ethnical group. We concluded that various interconnection of anxiety with allelic polymorphisms in Caucasians and Siberian Mongoloids is caused by a different cultural stereotype in social demonstration of fear and uneasiness, whereas the genetic influence on the brain activity relating with anxiety has no ethnic specifics.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.258 doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.259
124 The influence of genetics polymorphisms of serotonin transporter on the EEG and fMRI correlates of trait anxiety in Stop-Signal paradigm in the Siberian Mongoloids and Caucasians Alexander N. Savostyanova,b,c, Dariya V. Bazovkinac, Andrey V. Bocharova,b, Sergey S. Tamozhnikova, Eugeniy D. Petrovskid, Andrey A. Savelovd, Gennady G. Knyazeva, Natalia Borisovae, Alexandra Karpovae, Lyubomir I. Aftanasa,b
142 Electroencephalographic differences between physically active and passive elderly subjects Thalía Fernándeza, Javier Sánchez-Lópezb, Juan Silva-Pereyrac, Graciela C. Alatorre-Cruzc, Susana A. Castro-Chaviraa, Sergio Sánchez-Moguela, Mauricio González-Lópeza
82
IOP 2016
a
Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico b Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movements Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy c Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico Background: Under the assumption that electroencephalographic abnormalities in baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) could be responsible for behavioral or cognitive alterations and that physical activity improves cognitive performance in elderly subjects; we hypothesized that elderly subjects with more physical activity will show lower EEG power in slow frequency bands and higher EEG power in fast frequency bands than the subjects with less physical activity. Methods: Based on the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS), which was administered to 98 elderly subjects, a Cluster Analysis was performed and two groups were obtained: Physically Active and Physically Passive subjects. Physically Active subjects were characterized by higher values in the performance domain of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) than Physically Passive subjects were. EEG was recorded in the 10-20 system during rest with eyes closed. The EEG spectra was calculated in each lead and absolute power with geometric power, correction was obtained for each frequency band: delta (1.53.8 Hz), theta (3.9-7.5 Hz), alpha (7.6-12.5 Hz) and beta (12.6-19.9 Hz). A multivariate permutation analysis was conducted to look for differences between the Physically Active and Physically Passive groups in EEG absolute power. Results: Physically Active group shows significantly (p b 0.05) higher EEG alpha power and lower delta power in frontotemporal leads, mainly in the left hemisphere. Increased theta power in left temporal and right frontal regions were also observed in the Physically Passive group. Discussion: As we hypothesized, subjects with more physical activity presented faster EEG activity. More alpha activity in anterior leads could be a sign of functional compensation to perform cognitive processes which could explain their higher WAIS scores. Conclusions: Physical activity seems to promote changes in EEG compatible with improvement of cognitive performance, which probably reduces the risk of future cognitive decline. To our knowledge, this is the first report that relates physical activity and quantitative EEG in this population. Acknowledgements: Héctor Belmont, Leonor Casanova, Lourdes Lara, Bertha Esquivel, Teresa Alvarez, Manuel Hinojosa, Bertha Barrera, Aimée Morales, and grant IN225414 from PAPIIT-DGAPA.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.260
146 Evaluating peer's performance: Social distance modulates feedback related ERPs Erwin R. Villuendas-Gonzáleza, Andrés A. González-Garridob Facultad de Psicología Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico b Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Guadalajara, Mexico
a
Performance monitoring depends on a complex network of cortical structures that are also activated in vicarious monitoring: when we observe someone else performing a Task, our error-detection and errorcorrection abilities are at least partially engaged. Many experiments have shown that both vicarious and on-line monitoring have a similar basis: ERP components such as the Error Related Negativity (ERN) and
the Feedback Related Negativity (FRN) have observational counterparts (oERN and oFRN). Although most such experiments have focused on non-complex tasks, it has been indeed shown that when one evaluates someone else’s performance, it does matter who is being evaluated. Nevertheless, the relationship between social distance and performance monitoring remains a subject of current research. In order to assess the effect of non-contingent feedback on vicarious monitoring, 23 young volunteer adults were evaluated: in one session, they performed a rulebased category formation task, receiving no feedback on their performance. In a second session, Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were obtained while participants passively reviewed performances attributed to themselves and peers they had previously rated as either socially close or distant. Feedback Related Negativity (FRN) and Feedback Related P300 (fP300) components were analyzed with respect to feedback valence (correct, error and neutral) and agent (one’s own, close peer and distant peer). A two way ANOVA was performed on averaged voltages in the 200-300 (FRN) and 300-400 (fP300) windows for Fz and Pz sites respectively. Results show that both components can be elicited through non-contingent feedback related to prior performance. In addition, both the FRN as well as the fP300 waves are modulated by the valence of the feedback, and fP300 is modulated by the agent to whom performance feedback is attributed. This experiment constitutes a novel approach to the evaluation of ERP correlates of vicarious monitoring through non-contingent feedback and its relations to perceived social distance. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.261
147 Associations between EEG parameters, anthropometry and some psychological characteristics in students Anna K. Gorbacheva, Tatiana K. Fedotova, Anastasia V. Kovaleva, Alla V. Sukhova, Elena N. Panova, Tatiana I. Kuzmina Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Background: The investigation of the psychological/somatic correlations as a part of the constitutional integrity of the organism has a century history in anthropology (Sheldon, 1940; Tanner, 1979; Roginsky, 1972, Taki et al, 2012). In search of new approaches, the authors undertook the vast examination of students of Moscow State University of Psychology aged 18-21 according to the program including the pool of anthropometric dimensions, brain activity recording and psychometric. Methods: The sample consisted of 63 students (32 males and 31 females). The research program included standard anthropometry (height, limb lengths, weight, diameters, skinfolds and circumferences), psychological tests (anxiety level, autonomic balance, selfregulation ability) and EEG recording (10 cortical leads, theta, alpha, beta, gamma frequency bands) in resting state. The EEG registration was done using computer encephalograph Neurovisor 24 U (Ates Medica). The analysis of EEG data was held using the program on the base of Matlab. Statistical analysis was done using Statistica 10 software package. Results: The distribution of the EEG-parameters differs from Gaussian. The distribution of some parameters had sexual dimorphism. Analysis was done in consideration of female menses cycle stage, according to Bazanova et al (2014). The most notable sexual differences were fixed for interhemispheric coherence in F1-F2 and O1-O2 leads for 11-13, 13-15 and 15-20 Hz bands. Some negative associations between linear somatic parameters and coherence coefficients in F1-O1 leads for 11-13 Hz and between arm circumferences and interhemispheric coherences (O1-O2, T5-T6) in theta-
generation caused by the response of components under various modalities. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.257
120 ERP differences due to Type 1 diabetes in a visuospatial working memory task with different cognitive load demands Geisa B. Gallardo-Morenoa, Patricia Duarte-Rosasa, Julieta Ramos-Loyoa, Esteban Gudayol-Ferréb, Fabiola R. Gómez-Velázqueza, Andrés A. González-Garridoa a Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico b Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Morelia, Mexico Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is commonly diagnosed during childhood and adolescence thus vulnerable neurodevelopmental stages might be compromised. We evaluated 15 right-handed, normal IQ, young T1D patients without past clinical antecedents of diabetic complications or inadequate glycemic control, and 15 healthy individuals matched by age, gender and educational level, while performing a visuospatial working memory task with simultaneous EEG recording. Stimuli consisting of neutral and happy facial expressions were pseudo-randomly presented in different screen locations and the participants had to remember the sequential order of presentation including the corresponding spatial location. After a short delay, a second sequence was presented and subjects were instructed to determine if it corresponded, or not, to the inverse spatial order of the precedent sequence. The experiment consisted of trials with different working memory loads: 4 or 5 stimuli sequences (1:1). There were no significant behavioral differences between groups, but the experimental group showed longer reaction times. On the other hand, ERP results showed significant differences between conditions (4 versus 5 stimuli) and groups in N170 and P300 components. Controls exhibited a greater N1 amplitude in frontal regions while performing the condition with higher working memory load. A more robust P3 waveform lateralized to the right was observed in the patients with diabetes in both cognitive load conditions, while healthy controls had a reduced but more widely distributed and lateralized to the left P300 component. The present results suggest that T1D patients and controls might probably use different cognitive resources and strategies to successfully solve task demands. The availability of these neural resources might be different due to adaptive neurodevelopmental changes subsequent to T1D onset. The facial emotional distracting effect may be explained in light of the load theory of selective attention, which assumes that higher cognitive demands may trigger perceptual adaptation mechanisms that seek to reduce distractor perception.
81
a
State Scientific-Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia b Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia c Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia d International Tomography Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia e North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia The EEG research was supported by the RSF grant № 14_15_00202. The fMRI research was supported by the RSF grant № 14_35_00020. Allelic polymorphisms of serotonin transporter (5HTTLPR and STin2) are associated with risk of depression and anxiety disorder (Lesch et al., 1996). However, the association of these polymorphisms with anxiety level in healthy people remains the topic of debates (Sen et al., 2004; Savostyanov et al., 2015). Stopsignal paradigm (SSP, Logan et al., 1984) allows to research brain activity in alternating condition of activation or inhibitory behavioral control. EEG reactions in SSP represent the anxiety level of participants (Savostyanov et al., 2009) The aim of the research is comparison of the EEG/fMRI correlates of anxiety in the SSP conditions in people with different alleles of serotonin transporter. The influence of ethno-cultural factors to genetic associations with anxiety was investigated. 210 healthy participants have taken part in EEG experiments (age 24,3 ± 3,5 years, 97 men). 90 of them were Siberian Mongoloids (Tuvinians or Yakuts), the others – ethnic Russian Caucasians. Anxiety level was tested by Spielberger's STAI. Additionally, 25 people participated in fMRI experiment. In both EEG and fMRI experiments of SSP participants responded to target stimuli by pressing one of two choice buttons or inhibit already prepared motion after stop-signal onset. The samples of blood or buccal epithelium were taken for DNA analyses. Significant inter-ethnical differences in effects of 5-HTTLPR and STin2 on anxiety were obtained. Russians had the smallest anxiety in people with the LL and 10//12 genotypes, whereas in Mongoloids the lowest level of anxiety was revealed in people with the SS and 12//12 genotypes. On EEG, the highest amplitude of alpha-beta desynchronization has been revealed in people with genotypes of LL and 10//10 for all ethnic groups. The effect of anxiety has been positively associated with pre-motor alpha-desynchronization and negatively connected with post-motor beta-synchronization. In fMRI effects of trait anxiety were located in lingual gyrus, cuneus, precuneus, posterior cingulate, right insula, right lenticular nucleus, putamen, right inferior frontal gyrus. The EEG and fMRI effects of anxiety were associated with genetic effects of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, but didn’t have association with effects of ethnical group. We concluded that various interconnection of anxiety with allelic polymorphisms in Caucasians and Siberian Mongoloids is caused by a different cultural stereotype in social demonstration of fear and uneasiness, whereas the genetic influence on the brain activity relating with anxiety has no ethnic specifics.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.258 doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.259
124 The influence of genetics polymorphisms of serotonin transporter on the EEG and fMRI correlates of trait anxiety in Stop-Signal paradigm in the Siberian Mongoloids and Caucasians Alexander N. Savostyanova,b,c, Dariya V. Bazovkinac, Andrey V. Bocharova,b, Sergey S. Tamozhnikova, Eugeniy D. Petrovskid, Andrey A. Savelovd, Gennady G. Knyazeva, Natalia Borisovae, Alexandra Karpovae, Lyubomir I. Aftanasa,b
142 Electroencephalographic differences between physically active and passive elderly subjects Thalía Fernándeza, Javier Sánchez-Lópezb, Juan Silva-Pereyrac, Graciela C. Alatorre-Cruzc, Susana A. Castro-Chaviraa, Sergio Sánchez-Moguela, Mauricio González-Lópeza
82
IOP 2016
a
Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico b Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movements Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy c Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico Background: Under the assumption that electroencephalographic abnormalities in baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) could be responsible for behavioral or cognitive alterations and that physical activity improves cognitive performance in elderly subjects; we hypothesized that elderly subjects with more physical activity will show lower EEG power in slow frequency bands and higher EEG power in fast frequency bands than the subjects with less physical activity. Methods: Based on the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS), which was administered to 98 elderly subjects, a Cluster Analysis was performed and two groups were obtained: Physically Active and Physically Passive subjects. Physically Active subjects were characterized by higher values in the performance domain of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) than Physically Passive subjects were. EEG was recorded in the 10-20 system during rest with eyes closed. The EEG spectra was calculated in each lead and absolute power with geometric power, correction was obtained for each frequency band: delta (1.53.8 Hz), theta (3.9-7.5 Hz), alpha (7.6-12.5 Hz) and beta (12.6-19.9 Hz). A multivariate permutation analysis was conducted to look for differences between the Physically Active and Physically Passive groups in EEG absolute power. Results: Physically Active group shows significantly (p b 0.05) higher EEG alpha power and lower delta power in frontotemporal leads, mainly in the left hemisphere. Increased theta power in left temporal and right frontal regions were also observed in the Physically Passive group. Discussion: As we hypothesized, subjects with more physical activity presented faster EEG activity. More alpha activity in anterior leads could be a sign of functional compensation to perform cognitive processes which could explain their higher WAIS scores. Conclusions: Physical activity seems to promote changes in EEG compatible with improvement of cognitive performance, which probably reduces the risk of future cognitive decline. To our knowledge, this is the first report that relates physical activity and quantitative EEG in this population. Acknowledgements: Héctor Belmont, Leonor Casanova, Lourdes Lara, Bertha Esquivel, Teresa Alvarez, Manuel Hinojosa, Bertha Barrera, Aimée Morales, and grant IN225414 from PAPIIT-DGAPA.
doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.260
146 Evaluating peer's performance: Social distance modulates feedback related ERPs Erwin R. Villuendas-Gonzáleza, Andrés A. González-Garridob Facultad de Psicología Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico b Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Guadalajara, Mexico
a
Performance monitoring depends on a complex network of cortical structures that are also activated in vicarious monitoring: when we observe someone else performing a Task, our error-detection and errorcorrection abilities are at least partially engaged. Many experiments have shown that both vicarious and on-line monitoring have a similar basis: ERP components such as the Error Related Negativity (ERN) and
the Feedback Related Negativity (FRN) have observational counterparts (oERN and oFRN). Although most such experiments have focused on non-complex tasks, it has been indeed shown that when one evaluates someone else’s performance, it does matter who is being evaluated. Nevertheless, the relationship between social distance and performance monitoring remains a subject of current research. In order to assess the effect of non-contingent feedback on vicarious monitoring, 23 young volunteer adults were evaluated: in one session, they performed a rulebased category formation task, receiving no feedback on their performance. In a second session, Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were obtained while participants passively reviewed performances attributed to themselves and peers they had previously rated as either socially close or distant. Feedback Related Negativity (FRN) and Feedback Related P300 (fP300) components were analyzed with respect to feedback valence (correct, error and neutral) and agent (one’s own, close peer and distant peer). A two way ANOVA was performed on averaged voltages in the 200-300 (FRN) and 300-400 (fP300) windows for Fz and Pz sites respectively. Results show that both components can be elicited through non-contingent feedback related to prior performance. In addition, both the FRN as well as the fP300 waves are modulated by the valence of the feedback, and fP300 is modulated by the agent to whom performance feedback is attributed. This experiment constitutes a novel approach to the evaluation of ERP correlates of vicarious monitoring through non-contingent feedback and its relations to perceived social distance. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.261
147 Associations between EEG parameters, anthropometry and some psychological characteristics in students Anna K. Gorbacheva, Tatiana K. Fedotova, Anastasia V. Kovaleva, Alla V. Sukhova, Elena N. Panova, Tatiana I. Kuzmina Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Background: The investigation of the psychological/somatic correlations as a part of the constitutional integrity of the organism has a century history in anthropology (Sheldon, 1940; Tanner, 1979; Roginsky, 1972, Taki et al, 2012). In search of new approaches, the authors undertook the vast examination of students of Moscow State University of Psychology aged 18-21 according to the program including the pool of anthropometric dimensions, brain activity recording and psychometric. Methods: The sample consisted of 63 students (32 males and 31 females). The research program included standard anthropometry (height, limb lengths, weight, diameters, skinfolds and circumferences), psychological tests (anxiety level, autonomic balance, selfregulation ability) and EEG recording (10 cortical leads, theta, alpha, beta, gamma frequency bands) in resting state. The EEG registration was done using computer encephalograph Neurovisor 24 U (Ates Medica). The analysis of EEG data was held using the program on the base of Matlab. Statistical analysis was done using Statistica 10 software package. Results: The distribution of the EEG-parameters differs from Gaussian. The distribution of some parameters had sexual dimorphism. Analysis was done in consideration of female menses cycle stage, according to Bazanova et al (2014). The most notable sexual differences were fixed for interhemispheric coherence in F1-F2 and O1-O2 leads for 11-13, 13-15 and 15-20 Hz bands. Some negative associations between linear somatic parameters and coherence coefficients in F1-O1 leads for 11-13 Hz and between arm circumferences and interhemispheric coherences (O1-O2, T5-T6) in theta-