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Electrolytic conductance of sea water: effect of calcium carbonate dissolution
Oceanographic Abstracts
1067
OSBORNE M. F. M., 1964. The interpretation of infrared radiation from the sea in terms of its boundary layer. Dt. hydrogr. Z., 17 (3): 115-136. By writing down the heat balance due to radiation, conduction, and evaporation at the sea surface, one can express the radiation temperature o f the sea surface as a linear function with known coefficients of two variables : the water boundary layer thickness 6w, and the ratio of water to air boundary layer thickness 3w/Ga. Under the assumption that these two variables can be described by laminar flow for short distances ( < 10 cm) and small intervals ( < 1 sec), one can derive the conditions for optimum observation of detailed structure in the sea surface temperature. These are clear sky, dry air, and especially an appreciable wind. Calculations were made o f the small changes in the radiation temperature o f the sea produced by mean air velocity changes of 1 cm/sec and mean water velocity changes o f 1 mm/sec. A number o f predictions were made concerning the temperature patterns to be observed around known velocity patterns in the air and water. The signs of the temperature fluctuations around some patterns may be reversed depending upon whether radiation or evaporation is dominant. Much experimentation is necessary to check and enlarge the conclusions. For example, slicks would generally be expected to be cold patches, even though they may have properties (such as decreasing the evaporation rate) which raise the surface temperature and studies of slicks would be a good test of the theory. PAITSON L., C. H. SAVIT, D. M. BtUF. and W. A. KNOX, 1964. Reflection survey at Barracuda Fault. Geophysics, 19 (6): 941-950. One of the areas selected for evaluation by Project Mohole as a potential site for drilling through crust to mantle is Barracuda Fault in the Atlantic. Reflection profiling obtained as accessory data to crustal refraction profiles reveals 5"5 kilometers of relief associated with that structure. These data also suggest three possible environments of deposition : 1. Turbidites and pelagic ooze in an environment of basin accumulation. 2. Turbidites and pelagic ooze in an environment of alternate deposition and erosion. 3. Deposition of pelagic ooze on topographic highs and possible erosion (slumping). Materials relatively transparent to the spectrum of seismic energy employed are interpreted as pelagic ooze. Finely stratified sediments are interpreted as pelagic and turbidite sequences. A zone of diffracted energy lying beneath the sediment is thought to be basement. PARK K~LHO, 1964. Electrolytic conductance of sea water : effect of calcium carbonate dissolution. Science, 146 (3640): 56-57. Calcium carbonate dissolution in the presence of excess carbon dioxide increased the specific conductance of sea water by approximately 6 × 10 5 ohm-1 cm 1 per millimole of carbonate dissolved. The observed conductance increase can be explained by the partial equivalent conductance of calcium bicarbonate and by the hindrance effect of uncharged carbon dioxide dissolved in sea water. PARK KILnO and MA~DALENA CATALAFOMO, 1964. Gas chromatographic determination of dissolved oxygen in sea water using argon as carrier gas. Deep-Sea Res., I I (6): 917-920. A modification of the gas chromatographic method of Swinnerton, Linnenbom and Cheek for the determination of dissolved oxygen in sea water is presented. Argon is used as the carrier gas. Relative standard deviation obtained by the modified method is ± 1.4 per cent for surface sea water samples. One analysis takes four minutes. PARK K., W. T. WILLIAMS,J. M. PRESCOTTand D. W. HOOD, 1963. Animo acids in Redfish Bay, Texas. Pubis. Inst. Mar. Sci., Port Aransas, 9: 59-63. Approximately 18 different amino acids in acid-hydrolyzates of dissolved organic matter in the sea water of Redfish Bay, Texas, have been identified by ion exchange chromatography. The organic matter was initially isolated from sea water by ferric hydroxide co-precipitation method. The amino acids identified are : glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, lysine, leucine, threonine, isoleucine, arginine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, proline, valine plus crystine, ornithine, fl-alanine, histidine, methionine and methionine-sulfoxide. Although not strictly quantitative, the results indicate that higher concentrations of amino acids are dissolved in a fertile bay water than in open sea water. PARKER P. L., A. GIBBSand R. LAWLER, 1963. Cobalt, iron and manganese in a Texas bay. Puhls.
Inst. Mar. Sei., Port Aransas. 9: 28-32. The concentrations of cobalt, iron and manganese were determined in the water, sediments, underwater plants and animals predominating in the grass flats of Redfish Bay, a shallow marine estuary near Port Aransas, Texas. All three elements were greatly concentrated in sediment and organisms with respect to sea water. The concentrations were multiplied by estimates of dry weight of the principal components per square meter of bay to obtain an inventory of the grass fiat. The plant Diplanthera wrightii is outstanding in that it accounts for much of the inventory of all three elements in the community (2-3 mg/m z Co, 627 mg/m 2 Mn and 422/mgm 2 Fe). All chemical determinations were spectrophotometric. An appropriate gamma emitting radioisotope of each element was used to check the chemical procedure and to correct for chemical yield. A new method for the removal of manganese and cobalt from sea water by lanthanum hydroxide precipitation was developed.
1067
OSBORNE M. F. M., 1964. The interpretation of infrared radiation from the sea in terms of its boundary layer. Dt. hydrogr. Z., 17 (3): 115-136. By writing down the heat balance due to radiation, conduction, and evaporation at the sea surface, one can express the radiation temperature o f the sea surface as a linear function with known coefficients of two variables : the water boundary layer thickness 6w, and the ratio of water to air boundary layer thickness 3w/Ga. Under the assumption that these two variables can be described by laminar flow for short distances ( < 10 cm) and small intervals ( < 1 sec), one can derive the conditions for optimum observation of detailed structure in the sea surface temperature. These are clear sky, dry air, and especially an appreciable wind. Calculations were made o f the small changes in the radiation temperature o f the sea produced by mean air velocity changes of 1 cm/sec and mean water velocity changes o f 1 mm/sec. A number o f predictions were made concerning the temperature patterns to be observed around known velocity patterns in the air and water. The signs of the temperature fluctuations around some patterns may be reversed depending upon whether radiation or evaporation is dominant. Much experimentation is necessary to check and enlarge the conclusions. For example, slicks would generally be expected to be cold patches, even though they may have properties (such as decreasing the evaporation rate) which raise the surface temperature and studies of slicks would be a good test of the theory. PAITSON L., C. H. SAVIT, D. M. BtUF. and W. A. KNOX, 1964. Reflection survey at Barracuda Fault. Geophysics, 19 (6): 941-950. One of the areas selected for evaluation by Project Mohole as a potential site for drilling through crust to mantle is Barracuda Fault in the Atlantic. Reflection profiling obtained as accessory data to crustal refraction profiles reveals 5"5 kilometers of relief associated with that structure. These data also suggest three possible environments of deposition : 1. Turbidites and pelagic ooze in an environment of basin accumulation. 2. Turbidites and pelagic ooze in an environment of alternate deposition and erosion. 3. Deposition of pelagic ooze on topographic highs and possible erosion (slumping). Materials relatively transparent to the spectrum of seismic energy employed are interpreted as pelagic ooze. Finely stratified sediments are interpreted as pelagic and turbidite sequences. A zone of diffracted energy lying beneath the sediment is thought to be basement. PARK K~LHO, 1964. Electrolytic conductance of sea water : effect of calcium carbonate dissolution. Science, 146 (3640): 56-57. Calcium carbonate dissolution in the presence of excess carbon dioxide increased the specific conductance of sea water by approximately 6 × 10 5 ohm-1 cm 1 per millimole of carbonate dissolved. The observed conductance increase can be explained by the partial equivalent conductance of calcium bicarbonate and by the hindrance effect of uncharged carbon dioxide dissolved in sea water. PARK KILnO and MA~DALENA CATALAFOMO, 1964. Gas chromatographic determination of dissolved oxygen in sea water using argon as carrier gas. Deep-Sea Res., I I (6): 917-920. A modification of the gas chromatographic method of Swinnerton, Linnenbom and Cheek for the determination of dissolved oxygen in sea water is presented. Argon is used as the carrier gas. Relative standard deviation obtained by the modified method is ± 1.4 per cent for surface sea water samples. One analysis takes four minutes. PARK K., W. T. WILLIAMS,J. M. PRESCOTTand D. W. HOOD, 1963. Animo acids in Redfish Bay, Texas. Pubis. Inst. Mar. Sci., Port Aransas, 9: 59-63. Approximately 18 different amino acids in acid-hydrolyzates of dissolved organic matter in the sea water of Redfish Bay, Texas, have been identified by ion exchange chromatography. The organic matter was initially isolated from sea water by ferric hydroxide co-precipitation method. The amino acids identified are : glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, lysine, leucine, threonine, isoleucine, arginine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, proline, valine plus crystine, ornithine, fl-alanine, histidine, methionine and methionine-sulfoxide. Although not strictly quantitative, the results indicate that higher concentrations of amino acids are dissolved in a fertile bay water than in open sea water. PARKER P. L., A. GIBBSand R. LAWLER, 1963. Cobalt, iron and manganese in a Texas bay. Puhls.
Inst. Mar. Sei., Port Aransas. 9: 28-32. The concentrations of cobalt, iron and manganese were determined in the water, sediments, underwater plants and animals predominating in the grass flats of Redfish Bay, a shallow marine estuary near Port Aransas, Texas. All three elements were greatly concentrated in sediment and organisms with respect to sea water. The concentrations were multiplied by estimates of dry weight of the principal components per square meter of bay to obtain an inventory of the grass fiat. The plant Diplanthera wrightii is outstanding in that it accounts for much of the inventory of all three elements in the community (2-3 mg/m z Co, 627 mg/m 2 Mn and 422/mgm 2 Fe). All chemical determinations were spectrophotometric. An appropriate gamma emitting radioisotope of each element was used to check the chemical procedure and to correct for chemical yield. A new method for the removal of manganese and cobalt from sea water by lanthanum hydroxide precipitation was developed.